πύκα: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: Adv.<br />Meaning: [[dense]], [[solid]], metaph. [[careful]], [[sensible]] (Hom.).<br />Derivatives: Beside it <b class="b3">πυκάζω</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">-άσδω</b> (Theoc.), aor. <b class="b3">πυκά-σ(σ)αι</b>, pass. <b class="b3">-σθῆναι</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">πεπύκασμαι</b>, quite rarely with <b class="b3">περι-</b> a.o., <b class="b2">to tighten, to enclose tightly, to encase compactly, to cover</b> (ep. poet., late prose) with <b class="b3">πύκασμα</b> n. [[encased]], [[covered object]] (Sm.). Adj. <b class="b3">πυκνός</b>, ep. lyr. also <b class="b3">πυκινός</b>, <b class="b2">dense, solid, compacted, numerous, strong, brave, clever</b> (Il.), often as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">πυκνό-σαρκος</b> <b class="b2">with solid flesh</b> (Hp., Arist.). From it <b class="b3">πυκν-ότης</b> f. <b class="b2">density, closeness etc.</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-άκις</b> = <b class="b3">πολλάκις</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">to make dense, to tighten etc.</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ωμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ωσις</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b>; <b class="b3">-άζω</b> <b class="b2">to be numerous</b> (EM, Gloss.). As 1. member <b class="b3">πυκι-</b> in <b class="b3">πυκι-μηδής</b> (<b class="b3">-μήδης</b>) = <b class="b3">μήδεα πυκνά</b> (Γ 202, 208) <b class="b3">ἔχων</b>, <b class="b2">with close mind, considerate, sensible</b> (α 438, h. Cer., Q. S.; Bechtel Lex. s.v.). -- On [[ἄμπυξ]] s. v.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: The forms <b class="b3">πύκα</b> : <b class="b3">πυκνός</b> : <b class="b3">πυκι-μηδής</b> form a system; with <b class="b3">πύκα</b>: <b class="b3">πυκνός</b> cf. esp. the in meaning close [[θαμά]] : [[θάμνος]] (s. vv.). To this <b class="b3">πυκινός</b> (after <b class="b3">πυκι-μηδής</b>?) like (he analog. built?) <b class="b3">θαμινός</b>, <b class="b3">ἁδινός</b> a.o. (Schwyzer 490). To be rejected Szemerényi Syncope in Greek and I.-Eur. 82 ff., 87 ff. (also on the etymology): <b class="b3">πυκνός</b>, <b class="b3">θάμνος</b> from <b class="b3">πυκινός</b>, <b class="b3">*θάμυνος</b> syncopated. The further analysis is hypothetic. The pair of words that certainly belong together <b class="b3">ἄμ-πυξ</b> : Av. <b class="b2">pus-ā</b> [[diadem]] [but see my doubts s.v.], which agrees with <b class="b3">πρόσ-φυξ</b> : <b class="b3">φυγ-η</b>, points to a primary verb IE <b class="b2">*puḱ-</b> <b class="b2">fasten etc.</b> (WP. 2, 82, Pok. 849), which in Greek was replaced by <b class="b3">πυκάζω</b>. As denominative of <b class="b3">πύκα</b> without doubt explainable (Schwyzer 734), <b class="b3">πυκάζω</b> because of the very limited use of <b class="b3">πύκα</b> can as well be understood as a formal enlargement of the older primary present. -- Against adducing Alb. [[puth]] <b class="b2">I kiss</b>, [[puthtohem]] <b class="b2">clothe myself narrow, string myself, embrace</b> (since G. Meyer Alb. Wb. 356) Szemerényi l.c. Toch. A [[puk]] [[all]], [[complete]], [[every]] remains far already because the B-form [[po]]; cf. v. Windekens Lex. étym. s.v. -- The evidence for IE <b class="b2">*puḱ-</b> (Pok. 849) is very meagre; Furnée 317 assumes that <b class="b3">πυκνός</b> etc. is Pre-Greek, but on quite meagre evidence.