σπεῖρα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">anything twisted</b> or [[wound]], <b class="b3">ποιεῖν τι οἷον σπεῖραν</b> twist it into <b class="b2">a ball</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Morb.</span> 2.33</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> pl., [[coils]] or [[spires]] of a serpent, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 535</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>500</span>; <b class="b3">πολύπλοκοι σ</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>481</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ion</span> 1164</span>: so in sg., <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>156</span>, <span class="bibl">A.R.4.151</span>, <span class="bibl">Arat.47</span>,<span class="bibl">89</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[rope]], [[cord]], Nic.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 74.21, f.l. in Hp.<span class="title">Steril.</span>235; <b class="b3">σπείραισι δικτυοκλώστοις</b> with the net's meshy [[folds]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>346</span> (lyr.); <b class="b2">ship's cable</b>, Plu.2.507b; <b class="b2">padded circle</b> used by women carrying weights on their head, <span class="bibl">Aët. 12.55</span>; so by Atlas, <span class="bibl">Apollod.2.5.11</span>; as a lamp-stand, ἀρτεμισίας σ. ἐπὶ τὸν λύχνον <span class="title">PMag.Lond.</span>121.601 (cf. σπειρίον 111); <b class="b2">round cushion</b>, IG5(1).1390.24 (Andania, i B.C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[a mode of dressing the hair]], <span class="bibl">Poll.2.31</span>, <span class="bibl">4.149</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">σ. βόειαι</b> [[thongs]] or [[straps]] of ox-hide to guard and arm a boxer's fist, <span class="bibl">Theoc.22.80</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> [[knot]] or <b class="b2">curl in wood</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>5.2.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Plin.<span class="title">HN</span>16.198</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> a kind of [[cheesecake]] (al. <b class="b3">σπῖρα</b>), Chrysipp. Tyan. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.14.647d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b2">rounded moulding</b> in the base of an Ionic or Corinthian column, [[torus]], IG12.372.64, <span class="title">Sardis</span> 7(1) No.181 (i A.D.), <span class="title">CIG</span>2713-14 (Labranda), <span class="bibl">Poll.7.121</span>, Vitr.3.5.3. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">9</span> Geom., <b class="b2">anchor-ring, tore</b>, produced by revolution of a circle about a line in its plane but not passing through the centre, Hero <b class="b2">*Deff</b>.97, <span class="bibl">Procl. <span class="title">in Euc.</span>p.119</span> F. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Milit., <b class="b2">tactical unit</b>, in the Ptolemaic army, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1806.4</span> (i B.C.); used to translate the Roman [[manipulus]], <span class="bibl">Plb.11.23.1</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Str.12.3.18</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Aem.</span>17</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ σπείρας</b>,= Lat. [[manipulatim]], <span class="bibl">Plb.3.115.12</span>; later, [[cohort]], Act.Ap.10.1, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">BJ</span>3.4.2</span>, <span class="title">IGRom.</span>1.10 (Massilia), 1373 (Egypt), al., <span class="title">OGI</span>208.2 (Nubia, ii A.D.), al. (gen. in this sense always <b class="b3">σπείρης</b>, <span class="title">Act.Ap.</span> l.c., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>477.3</span> (ii A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>73</span> (ii A.D.), <span class="title">OGI</span>l.c., etc.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> = [[θίασος]], <b class="b2">religious college</b> or [[guild]], gen. σπείρης <span class="title">IG</span>14.925 (Portus Trajani); dat. <b class="b3">σπείρῃ</b> ib.977 (Rome), <span class="title">Inscr.Perg.</span>319,320; nom. σπεῖρα <span class="title">AEM</span> 14.28 (Roumania); Lat. [[spira]], <span class="title">CIL</span> 6.261 (Rome), al. (cf. [[σπειράρχης]]).</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">twist, for instance of a snake, of a network, spiral</b>, des. of everal wound or cicular objetcs, e.g. <b class="b2">rope, belt, bead, round base of a pillar</b> (Ion. poet., also hell. a. late prose; v.l. ζ 269); also as military term = Lat. [[manipulus]] (hell.; on the explanation [prop. [[bundle]]] Debrunner IF 48, 244), later = [[cohors]] (inscr. a. pap., Act. Ap. a.o.).<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σπειρο-κέφαλον</b> n. [[base and capital of a column]], <b class="b3">ὑπό-σπειρον</b> n. "what lies under the round base", <b class="b2">square slab, πλίνθος</b> (inscr.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σπειρ-ίον</b> n. <b class="b2">little column base</b> (Hero); 2. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to a σ.</b> (Hero); 3. <b class="b3">-ίτης</b> (sc. <b class="b3">λίθος</b>) [[stone for a column base]] (inscr. Didyma; Redard 64 w. n. 26, with other interpretation); 4. <b class="b3">-αία</b> f. [[privet]] (Thphr.; from the form of the inflorescence); 5. <b class="b3">-ηδόν</b> <b class="b2">in convolutions, in a circle</b> (Opp., AP). 6. denom. verb <b class="b3">σπειρ-άομαι</b>, also w. <b class="b3">περι-</b> a. o., <b class="b2">to convolve</b> (hell. a. late), older <b class="b3">συ-σπειράομαι</b> <b class="b2">to wind, to pull together</b> (Pl., X., Arist. a. o.), also act. <b class="b3">συ-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-σπειράω</b> <b class="b2">to wind, to pull together</b> (hell. pap., D.S. a.o.); from this <b class="b3">σπείρ-αμα</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ημα</b> n. <b class="b2">twist, for instance of a snake, band etc.</b> (A., Arist., Nic. a.o.; also enlarged from <b class="b3">σπεῖρα</b>? Chantraine Form. 184). 7. Also (<b class="b3">συ-</b>) <b class="b3">σπειρόομαι</b> <b class="b2">to wind (together)</b> (Hp., Thphr.), act. aor. <b class="b3">σπειρῶσαι</b> <b class="b2">to swathe</b> (Call.; from <b class="b3">σπεῖρον</b>?).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [991] <b class="b2">*sper-</b> [[turn]], [[wind]]<br />Etymology: Like <b class="b3">πεῖρα</b>, <b class="b3">στεῖρα</b>, <b class="b3">μοῖρα</b> feminine <b class="b3">ια-</b>derivation; whether first from a noun or verb, cannot be decided (cf. Schwyzer 474, Chantraine Form. 98 f.). Finally in any case from the same verb [[wind]], [[twine]], which is seen in <b class="b3">σπάρτον</b>, <b class="b3">σπεῖρον</b> and <b class="b3">σπάργανον</b>(?). The primary verb was replaced partly by the secondary <b class="b3">σπειράομαι</b>, <b class="b3">σπαργανόω</b>, partly by other verbs like <b class="b3">εἰλέω</b>, <b class="b3">εἰλύω</b>.