σκορπίος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[scorpion]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>169</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>290a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span>1267.7</span> (i A.D.), etc.; <b class="b3">σ. ὁ χερσαῖος</b> (v. infr. <span class="bibl">11</span>) <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>555a23</span>: prov., ὑπὸ παντὶ λίθῳ σκορπίον φυλάσσεο <span class="bibl">Praxill.4</span>; ἐν παντὶ σ. φρουρεῖ λίθῳ <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Fr.</span>37</span>; also <b class="b3">σκορπίον ὀκτώπουν ἐγείρεις</b> 'let sleeping dogs lie', Hsch.; ὥσπερ ἔχις ἢ σ. ἠρκὼς τὸ κέντρον <span class="bibl">D.25.52</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> a sea-fish, prob. <b class="b2">Scorpaena scrofa</b>, <span class="bibl">Alex.261.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Diocl.Fr.135</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>508b17</span>, Plu.2.977f; used (like the [[mugilis]] in Catull.15.19, Juv.10.317) to punish adulterers, <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.173.21</span>; dub. sens. in <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">3 Ki.</span>12.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">scorpion furze, Genista acanthoclada</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>6.1.3</span>, <span class="bibl">6.4.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">scorpion root, Doronicum caucasicum</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">9.13.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> = [[θηλυφόνον]], ib.<span class="bibl">9.18.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> the constellation <span class="title">Scorpio</span>, <span class="bibl">Cleostrat.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Arat.85</span>, Eudox. ap. <span class="bibl">Hipparch.1.2.20</span>, <span class="bibl">Eratosth.<span class="title">Cat.</span>7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> an engine of war for discharging arrows, <span class="bibl">Hero <span class="title">Bel.</span>74.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Marc.</span> 15</span>; σκορπίων σωλῆνες <span class="title">IG</span>22.1627.333. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> a stone, <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">L.</span>500</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">494</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[scorpion]] (A. Fr. 169 = 368M.); often metaph. as adjunct of a fish (com., Arist a.o.; after the poison-stings, Strömberg 124 f., Thompson Fishes s.v.; also <b class="b3">σκόρπ-αινα</b>, <b class="b3">-ίς</b>, s. bel.); a plant (Thphr.; Strömberg Theophrastea 50f.); of a constellation (Cleostrat., hell.; Scherer Gestirnn. 170); a war machine for firing arrows (Hero a. o.; from this <b class="b3">σκορπίζω</b>, s. bel.); of a stone (Orph.; also <b class="b3">σκορπῖτις</b>, <b class="b3">-ίτης</b>).<br />Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in <b class="b3">σκορπί-ουρος</b> (<b class="b3">-ον</b>) plantn. (Dsc.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Subst.: <b class="b3">σκορπ-ίον</b> n. plantn. (Dsc.), <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> n. <b class="b2">small slinging-machine</b> (Plb., LXX), <b class="b3">-ίς</b> f. (Arist.), <b class="b3">-αινα</b> f. (Ath.) fishn. (s. ab.); <b class="b3">-ῖτις</b> f., <b class="b3">-ίτης</b> m. name of a stone (Plin., late pap.; after the colour and shape, Redard 61); <b class="b3">-ιών</b>, <b class="b3">-ιῶνος</b> m. monthname in Alexandria (Ptol.). 2. adj.: <b class="b3">σκορπ-ιώδης</b> <b class="b2">resembling the s.</b> (Arist., Ph. a. o.), <b class="b3">-ήϊος</b>.. <b class="b3">-ειος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the s.</b> (Orph., Man.), <b class="b3">-ιόεις</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Nic.), <b class="b3">-ιακός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (medic.), <b class="b3">-ιανός</b> <b class="b2">born under s.</b> (Astr.). 3. verbs: <b class="b3">σκορπ-ίζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">δια-</b> a.o., <b class="b2">to scatter</b> (Hecat.[?], hell. a. late), <b class="b3">-ιαίνομαι</b> <b class="b2">to be enraged</b> (Procop.), <b class="b3">-ιοῦται ἀγριαίνεται</b>, <b class="b3">ἐρεθίζεται</b> H.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: As the scorpion belongs to the warmer lands and is not at home above the 40. degree north. breadth, everything suggests a loan from a mediterranean language. -- Usually with Persson Stud. 57 a. 168, Beitr. 2, 861 as IE connected to a word for <b class="b2">plane, scratch etc.</b> with several representatives especially in Germ., e.g. OE [[sceorfan]] [[scratch]], [[scearfian]], OHG [[scarbōn]] [[plane]], [[tear up]] (IE <b class="b2">*ser-p-</b>), OE [[sceorpan]] [[scratch]], [[prickle]] (IE <b class="b2">*sker-b-</b>); to this Latv. <b class="b2">šḱērpêt</b> <b class="b2">cut a lawn</b> etc.; s. WP. 2, 581 ff., Pok. 943 f. -- Lat. LW [loanword] [[scorpius]], <b class="b2">-iō</b>, Russ. LW [loanword] <b class="b2">skórpij</b>. -- As stated prob. a Pre-Greek word. Furnée (index!) thinks that all words with <b class="b2">(s)kr(m)P-</b> contain the same Pre-Greek word; cf. <b class="b3">κάραβος</b>, <b class="b3">καράμβιος</b>, *<b class="b3">σκαραβαῖος</b>, [[κεράμβυξ]], <b class="b3">κεράμβηλον</b>, [[κηραφίς]], [[γραψαῖος]]. This is perh. possible, but it cannot be considered certain. One notes that all forms clearly have <b class="b3">καρα(μ</b>)P-, but that <b class="b3">γραψαῖος</b> and <b class="b3">σκορπιος</b> do not have a vowel between <b class="b3">ρ</b> and the (nasal +) labial (the presence of a vowel agrees with the (pre)nasalization).