σφίγγω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">Emp.38.4</span>, etc.: fut. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> σφίγξω <span class="title">AP</span>12.208 (Strat.): aor. ἔσφιγξα <span class="bibl">Alex.31</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>10.75 (Pall.), etc.:—Med., aor. ἐσφιγξάμην <span class="bibl">Hermesian.7.81</span>, <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>15.247</span>, al.:—Pass., aor. ἐσφίγχθην <span class="title">AP</span>6.331 (Gaet.), (ἀπ-) Hp.<span class="title">Mochl.</span>35: pf. ἔσφιγμαι <span class="bibl">D.H.7.72</span>, Luc.<span class="title">Musc. Enc.</span>3; inf. ἐσφίγχθαι <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span>244</span>, <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VA</span>2.13</span>: plpf. συνέσφικτο <span class="bibl">Procop.Gaz. p.168B.</span>:—<b class="b2">bind tight, bind fast</b>: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> of the person or thing bound, ἄρασσε μᾶλλον, σφίγγε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>58</span>; σφίγγετ', ἀμαλλοδέται, τὰ δράγματα <span class="bibl">Theoc.10.44</span>; <b class="b3">κεκρύφαλοι σ. τεὴν τρίχα</b>; <span class="title">AP</span>5.259 (Paul. Sil.); κρημνᾷ ἑαυτὴν σφίγξασα ἐκ τοῦ τραχήλου <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Asin.</span>24</span>; σ. πύλας <b class="b2">shut close</b>, AP5.293.5 (Agath.); <b class="b3">τόκους</b> [[clutch]], ib. <span class="bibl">11.289</span> (Pall.); <b class="b3">σ. τὴν φράσιν</b> [[straiten]], [[abridge]], Plu.2.1011e, cf. <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span>244</span>; <b class="b3">πολλῷ χρόνῳ τὸν λόγον σφίγξαντες</b> <b class="b2">having severely restrained</b> their utterance, Plu.2.6e:—Pass., ἐσφίγγετο πέπλος ζωστῆρι <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.17</span>; σ. ὑπὸ τοῦ βρόχου <span class="bibl">D.S.12.17</span>; σφιγχθεὶς χέρας <span class="title">APl.</span>4.198 (Maec.); σ. δράκοντι <span class="title">AP</span>6.331 (Gaet.); οὐ κατὰ τοὺς σφῆκας πάνυ ἐσφιγμένοι <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Musc.Enc.</span>3</span>:—also Med. (in act. sense), <span class="bibl">Hermesian.7.81</span>, <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>13.11</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of the thing used in binding, <b class="b3">στραγγαλίδας ἐσφίγγετε</b> <b class="b2">you tied</b> knots [[fast]], i.e. raised all sorts of difficulties, <span class="bibl">Pherecr.21</span>; σ. τὴν ἀγκύλην τῆς ἐμβάδος <span class="bibl">Alex.31</span>; σφίγξω σοῖς περὶ ποσσὶ πέδην <span class="title">AP</span>5.178 (Mel.); <b class="b3">σφίγγουσα τὰ πρὸς τοῖς γόνασι</b> (sc. <b class="b3">σπάργανα</b>) <span class="bibl">Sor.1.84</span>; νεβρίδα στέρνοισι <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>1.36</span>; πέπλα . . ἑῷ καρήνῳ <span class="bibl">Musae.252</span>; σφιγχθεὶς στέφανος <span class="title">AP</span>12.135 (Asclep.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[bind]] or <b class="b2">hold together</b>, αἰθὴρ σ. περὶ κύκλον ἅπαντα <span class="bibl">Emp.38.4</span>; σ. πάντα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>58a</span>; ὁ ὠκεανὸς σ. τὴν οἰκουμένην <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span>393b9</span>, cf. Melinno ap.Stob.3.7.12, <span class="title">AP</span>5.293.20 (Agath.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[tie up in a bundle]], ἀργύριον <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">4 Ki.</span>12.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">tighten up</b>, <b class="b3">τὴν ἐκ τῆς μαλακῆς τρίψεως ἀραιότητα σ</b>. Gal.6.91; of astringents, ib.477; <b class="b3">σύες . . τοῖς ἄρρεσιν ἐμφερῶς ἐσφιγμέναι</b> sows <b class="b2">with firm flesh</b> like boars, <span class="bibl">Sor.1.30</span>; ὑπὸ τῆς ἐμφύτου θερμασίας ἀναχαλᾶται τῶν ἐσφιγμένων ἕκαστον <span class="bibl">Id.2.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">press together</b>, πόδας . . κατὰ γαστέρος <span class="bibl">Batr.71</span>; <b class="b3">χεῖρας</b> ib.<span class="bibl">88</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to bind, to embrace, to jam in</b>; non-pres. forms almost only hell. a. late (since Emp., A. Pr. 58)<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">σφίγξαι</b>, <b class="b3">σφιγχθῆναι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">σφίγξω</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">ἔσφιγμαι</b>.<br />Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. Vbaladj. <b class="b3">σφιγκτός</b> [[bound]] (AP, Opp. a.o.). 2. <b class="b3">σφιγκ-τήρ</b> m. "binder" (AP, Nonn., of collar resp. fetter), des. muscle closing an aperture (medic. a.o.), also = <b class="b3">χιτών</b>. <b class="b3">Ταραντῖνοι</b> H. (as closely fitting); Lat. LW [loanword] [[spinter]] n. [[bracelet]] (Leumann Spr. 1, 205 = Kl. Schr. 172); <b class="b3">-τωρ</b> of reins (AP); <b class="b3">-της</b> = <b class="b3">κίναιδος</b> (Cratin., H.), Lat. LW [loanword] [[spintria]] m. <b class="b2">id.</b> 3. <b class="b3">σφίγξις</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-</b>, <b class="b3">περί-</b>), also <b class="b3">ἀπό-σφιξις</b> f. <b class="b2">the binding</b> (medic. a.o.). 4. <b class="b3">σφίγμα</b> (<b class="b3">ὑπό-</b>) n. [[obstruction]] (Hero, medic.). -- On itself stands, apparently as backformation ("rootnoun") <b class="b3">Σφίγξ</b>, <b class="b3">-ιγγός</b> f. [[sphinx]] (Hdt., A., E. etc.), also name of an ape (Agatharch. a.o.). Compp. <b class="b3">ἀνδρό-σφιγξ</b> m. <b class="b2">male sphinx</b> (Hdt.), <b class="b3">σφιγγό-πους</b> <b class="b2">with sphinx-feet</b> (hell.). From it <b class="b3">σφιγγ-ίον</b> n. <b class="b2">kind of ape</b> (Plin., inscr. Praeneste), meaning unclear (Luc. Apol. 1); <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> n. <b class="b2">little sphinx</b> (inscr.). Besides acc. <b class="b3">Φῖκα</b> (vv. ll. <b class="b3">Σφῖκα</b>, <b class="b3">Φίγγα</b>, <b class="b3">Σφίγγα</b>) f. (Hes. Th. 326), <b class="b3">Σφίξ</b>, <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (Choerob.; also Thess. inscr. VIIa?); <b class="b3">Βῖκας Σφίγγας</b> H.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: As basis of all forms served the pres. <b class="b3">σφίγγω</b>; the nasalless forms <b class="b3">ἔσφιγμαι</b>, <b class="b3">σφίγμα</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπόσφιξις</b> are secondary. -- Isolated. To be rejected Persson Beitr. 1, 399 (with reservation; referee in Bq, WP. 2, 658, Pok. 984). The judgement of <b class="b3">Σφίγξ</b> is difficult. The by-forms <b class="b3">Φῖκα</b>, <b class="b3">Σφῖκα</b> as well as <b class="b3">φιγγα</b> = <b class="b3">σφίγγα</b> in Pl. Kra. 414 d may be due to folketymological adaptations; cf. also the <b class="b3">Φίκιον ὄρος</b> north of Thebes (on it v. Wilamowitz Glaube l. 269). -- The variations show a Pre-Greek word. On the possibility of an Egyptian loan Mac Creedy, Glotta 46, 1968, 250.