σύν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], old Att. ξύν; Boeot. σούν <span class="title">IG</span>7.3171.39 (Orchom. Boeot., iii B.C.): Prep. with dat. (rarely c. gen., <b class="b3">σ. τῶν ἐν αὺτῷ νεκρῶν</b> Mitteis <span class="title">Chr.</span>129.23 (ii B.C.); <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> σ. ἡρώων <span class="title">IPE</span>2.383 (Phanagoria); <b class="b3">σ. γυναικός</b> ib.301 (Panticapaeum), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ostr.</span>240.5</span> (ii A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>1.113</span><span class="bibl"> iv 19</span> (vi A.D.)):—[[with]]. The form <b class="b3">ξύν</b> rarely occurs in Hom., though it is not rare in compds. even when not required by the metre, as in <b class="b3">ξυνέαξα, ξυνοχῇσιν, ξύμβλητο, ξύμπαντα</b>; Hes. also uses <b class="b3">ξύμπας, ξυνιέναι</b>; in Ion. verse we find ξύν <span class="bibl">Thgn.1063</span> (but σύν <span class="bibl">Id.50</span>), <span class="bibl">Sol. 19.3</span> (perh. old Attic), but σύν <span class="bibl">Archil.4</span>, cf. <b class="b3">ξυνωνίη, συνίημι</b>; in early Ion. Prose (including Inscrr., cf. <span class="title">SIG</span>1.2 (Abu Simbel, vi B.C.), 167.37 (Mylasa, iv B.C.), etc.) <b class="b3">ξύν</b> is only found in ξυνίημι <span class="bibl">Heraclit.51</span>, <span class="bibl">Democr.95</span> (cf. <b class="b3">ἀξύνετος, ἀξυνεσίη, ξύνεσις</b>), and in the phrase <b class="b3">ξὺν νῷ</b> (<b class="b3">νόῳ</b> codd.) <span class="bibl">Heraclit.114</span>, <span class="bibl">Democr.35</span>; Hdt. has only <b class="b3">σύν</b>, and in codd. Hp. <b class="b3">ξύν</b> has weaker authority than <b class="b3">σύν</b> (i p.cxxv Kuehlewein); in the late Ionic of Aret., <b class="b3">ξύν</b> prevails over <b class="b3">σύν</b>; in Aeol. and Dor. it is rare, ξυνοίκην Sapph.75; ξυναλίαξε <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>93</span>; elsewh. Dor. <b class="b3">σύν</b>, <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span> 5.6, <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).334.47 (Locr., v B.C.), etc.; but in old Att. Inscrr. <b class="b3">ξύν</b> is the only form up to 500 B.C.; <b class="b3">σύν</b> appears in v B.C. and becomes usual towards the end; after 378 B.C. <b class="b3">ξύν</b> survives only in the formula <b class="b3">γνώμην δὲ ξυμβάλλεσθαι κτλ</b>.; the phrase <b class="b3">ξὺν νῷ</b> is found in <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 580</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>48c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Men.</span>88b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>619b</span> (σὺν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>909</span>); otherwise, of Att. Prose writers Th. alone uses the preposition <b class="b3">ξύν</b>, Antipho and Lysias have <b class="b3">ξυν-</b> a few times in compds.; codd. Pl. have both <b class="b3">ξυν-</b> (<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>930a</span>, al.) and <b class="b3">συν-</b>; in Antipho Soph.<span class="title">Oxy.</span>1364, Aristox., Arr., Ael., and Anon.Rhythm. <b class="b3">ξυν-</b> is very freq.; in Trag. both forms occur. The Prep. <b class="b3">σύν</b> gradually gave way to <b class="b3">μετά</b> with gen., so that whereas A. has 67 examples of <b class="b3">σύν</b> to 8 of <b class="b3">μετά</b> with gen., the proportions in Th. are <span class="bibl">400</span> of <b class="b3">μετά</b> to <span class="bibl">37</span> of <b class="b3">σύν</b>, in D. 346 of <b class="b3">μετά</b> to 15 of <b class="b3">σύν</b>, and in Arist. 300 of <b class="b3">μετά</b> to 8 of <b class="b3">σύν</b>: for these and other statistics see C. J. T. Mommsen, [[Beiträge zur Lehre von den griechischen Präpositionen]] (Frankfurt 1886-95): in Att. Prose and Com. <b class="b3">σύν</b> is restricted for the most part to signf. 8, 9 and a few phrases, such as <b class="b3">σὺν θεῷ, σὺν (τοῖς) ὅπλοις</b>; Xenophon uses it freely, having 556 examples to 275 of <b class="b3">μετά</b>; in Pap., <span class="title">NT</span>, and later Prose its use is much less restricted (v. infr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">in company with, together with</b>, δεῦρό ποτ' ἤλυθε . . σ. Μενελάῳ <span class="bibl">Il.3.206</span>; ξ. παιδὶ . . πύργῳ ἐφεστήκει <span class="bibl">6.372</span>; σ. τοῖσδε ὑπέκφυγον <span class="bibl">Od.9.286</span>; καταφθίσθαι σ. ἐκείνῳ <span class="bibl">2.183</span>; ἀπελαύνειν σ. τῷ στρατῷ <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.101</span>; ἐπαιδεύετο σ. τῷ ἀδελφῷ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.9.2</span>; σ. αὐτῷ σταυροῦσι δύο λῃστάς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>15.27</span>; οὐδένα ἔχω σ. ἐμοί <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>10.1161.12</span> (iv A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> with collat. notion of help or aid, <b class="b3">σ. θεῷ</b> [[with]] God's [[help]] or [[blessing]], as God wills, <span class="bibl">Il.9.49</span>; σ. σοί, πότνα θεά <span class="bibl">Od.13.391</span>; πέμψον δέ με σ. γε θεοῖσιν <span class="bibl">Il.24.430</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.26</span>; σ. θεῷ φυτευθεὶς ὄλβος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>8.17</span>; <b class="b3">σ. θεῷ εἰρημένον</b> spoken as by inspiration, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.86</span>; σ. θεῷ δ' εἰρήσεται <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>114</span>; σ. θεῷ εἰπεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>151b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prt.</span> 317b</span>; ξ. θεοῖς <span class="bibl">Th.1.86</span>; so <b class="b3">σ. δαίμονι, σ. Ἀθήνῃ καὶ Διί</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.11.792</span>, <span class="bibl">20.192</span>; σ. Χαρίτεσσιν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>9.54</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>9.2</span>; ξ. τῷ θεῷ πᾶς καὶ γελᾷ κὠδύρεται <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>383</span>; also <b class="b3">θεοῦ σ. παλάμᾳ, σ. θεοῦ τύχᾳ</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).21</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>6.24</span>: generally, of personal cooperation, <b class="b3">σ. σοὶ φραζέσθω</b> let him consult [[with]] you, <span class="bibl">Il.9.346</span>; λοχησάμενος σ. ἑταίρῳ <span class="bibl">Od.13.268</span>; <b class="b3">ξ. τῇ βουλῇ</b> <b class="b2">in consultation with</b> the Council, <span class="title">IG</span>12.63.17; <b class="b3">σ. τινὶ μάχεσθαι</b> fight [[at]] his [[side]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.3.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HG</span>4.1.34</span>; <b class="b3">σ. τινὶ εἶναι</b> or <b class="b3">γίγνεσθαι</b> to be [[with]] another, i.e.[[on]] his [[side]], [[of]] his [[party]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>3.1.21</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>5.10</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ σ. αὐτῷ</b> his friends, followers, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>1.2.15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>14.4</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">furnished with, endued with</b>, σ. μεγάλῃ ἀρετῇ ἐκτήσω ἄκοιτιν <span class="bibl">Od.24.193</span>; πόλιν θεοδμάτῳ σ. ἐλευθερίᾳ ἔκτισσε <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.61</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> of things that belong, or are attached, to a person, <b class="b3">σ. νηΐ</b> or <b class="b3">σ. νηυσί</b>, i.e. on board ship, <span class="bibl">Il.1.389</span>, <span class="bibl">179</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">σ. νηυσὶν ἀλαπάξαι</b>, opp. <b class="b3">πεζός</b>, <span class="bibl">9.328</span> (so in Prose, σ. ναυσὶ προσπλεῖν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.2.7</span>, etc.); σ. ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν <span class="bibl">Il.5.219</span>; esp. of arms, μιν κατέκηε σ. ἔντεσι <span class="bibl">6.418</span>; στῆ δ' εὐρὰξ σ. δουρί <span class="bibl">15.541</span>; <b class="b3">ἀντιβίην</b> or <b class="b3">ἀντίβιον σ. ἔντεσι</b> or <b class="b3">σ. τεύχεσι πειρηθῆναι</b>, <span class="bibl">5.220</span>, <span class="bibl">11.386</span>; σ. ἔντεσι μάρνασθαι <span class="bibl">13.719</span>; σκῆπτρον, σ. τῷ ἔβη <span class="bibl">2.47</span>; <b class="b3">ἄγγελος ἦλθε . . σ. ἀγγελίῃ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">787</span>; ς. (or <b class="b3">ξ</b>.) ὅπλοις <span class="bibl">Th.2.2</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 947c</span>, <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.17.1</span>; ς. (or <b class="b3">ξ</b>.) τοῖς ὅπλοις <span class="bibl">Th.2.90</span>, <span class="bibl">4.14</span>, <span class="title">Hell.Oxy.</span> 10.1, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>763a</span>, <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.11.8</span>; σ. ἐγχειριδίοις <span class="title">Hell.Oxy.</span>10.2; ξ. ξιφιδίῳ καὶ θώρακι <span class="bibl">Th.3.22</span>; ξ. ἑνὶ ἱματίῳ <span class="bibl">Id.2.70</span>; in some such cases ς. is little more than expletive, as <b class="b3">σ. τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες</b> ll.<span class="bibl">8.530</span>, etc.: with <b class="b3">αὐτός</b> (cf. αὐτός <span class="bibl">1.5</span>), chiefly in Hom., ἀνόρουσεν αὐτῇ σ. φόρμιγγι <span class="bibl">Il.9.194</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.498</span>; αὐτῷ σ. τε λίνῳ καὶ ῥήγεϊ <span class="bibl">Od.13.118</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> of things accompanying, or of concurrent circumstances, ἄνεμος σ. λαίλαπι <span class="bibl">Il.17.57</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.12.408</span>; of coincidence in time, ἄκρᾳ σ. ἑσπέρᾳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>11.10</span>; <b class="b3">καιρῷ σ. ἀτρεκεῖ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">8.7</span>; σ. τῷ Χρόνῳ προϊόντι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.7.6</span>; [[in the course of]], κείνῳ σ. ἄματι <span class="bibl">B.10.23</span>, cf. 125, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>123</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> of necessary connexion or consequence, <b class="b3">σὺν μεγάλῳ ἀποτεῖσαι</b> to pay [[with]] a great loss, i.e. suffer greatly, <span class="bibl">Il.4.161</span>; <b class="b3">δημοσίῳ σ. κακῷ</b> [[with]] loss to the public, <span class="bibl">Thgn.50</span>; <b class="b3">σ. τῷ σῷ ἀγαθῷ</b> [[to]] your advantage, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.15</span>; <b class="b3">ὤλοντο . . σὺν μιάς ματι</b> [[with]] pollution, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>172</span>; to denote agreement, <b class="b2">in accordance with</b>, σ. τῷ δικαίῳ καὶ καλῷ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.6.18</span>; σ. δίκᾳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.96</span>; σ. κόσμῳ <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.86</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span>398b23</span>; σ. τάχει <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>872</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> of the instrument or means, <b class="b2">with the help of, by means of</b>, σ. ἐλαίῳ φαρμακώσαισα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.221</span>; διήλλαχθε σ. σιδάρῳ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>885</span> (lyr.); πλοῦτον ἐκτήσω ξ. αἰχμῇ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>755</span> (troch.); ἡ [τῶν φίλων] κτῆσίς ἐστιν οὐδαμῶς σ. τῇ βίᾳ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.7.13</span>; ξ. ἐπαίνῳ <span class="bibl">Th.1.84</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> [[including]], κεφάλαιον σ. ἐπωνίοις <span class="title">IG</span>12.329.5, cf. 22.1388.85, 1407.12, al.; τοῦ Πειραιῶς ξ. Μουνυχίᾳ <span class="bibl">Th.2.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.124</span>, <span class="bibl">5.26</span>, <span class="bibl">74</span>, <span class="bibl">7.42</span>, <span class="bibl">8.90</span>, <span class="bibl">95</span>; <b class="b3">δισχίλιαι γάρ εἰσι</b> (sc. <b class="b3">δραχμαὶ</b>) σ. ταῖς Νικίου <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>100</span>; ἀνήλωσα σ. τῇ τῆς σκευῆς ἀναθέσει ἑκκαίδεκα μνᾶς <span class="bibl">Lys.21.4</span>, cf. 2; αἶγας ἀπέδοτο σ. τῷ αἰπόλῳ τριῶν καὶ δέκα μνῶν <span class="bibl">Is.6.33</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.8</span>,<span class="bibl">35</span>, <span class="bibl">11.42</span>,<span class="bibl">46</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 2.162</span>, <span class="bibl">D.19.155</span>, <span class="bibl">27.23</span>,al., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>525b15</span>,<span class="bibl">17</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ath.</span>19.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Hipparch. 1.1.9</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>10.1124.14</span> (ii A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">9</span> [[excluding]], [[apart from]], [[plus]], <b class="b3">ἓξ ἐμοὶ σ. ἑβδόμῳ</b> six [[with]] (but not including) me the seventh, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>283</span>; αἱ γὰρ καμπαὶ τέτταρες, ἢ δύο σ. τοῖς πτερυγίοις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> 490a32</span>; σ. τοῖς ἀρχαίοις τὸν οἶκον ἐκ τῶν προσόδων μείζω ποιῆσαι <span class="bibl">D. 27.61</span>; τὴν ἐφαπτίδα σ. τῇ σακκοπήρᾳ ἐν ᾗ ἐνῆν <b class="b2">together with . .</b>, PEnteux.32.7, cf. 89.9 (iii B.C.); οἱ γραμματεῖς σ. τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>20.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Gal.</span>5.24</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> POSITION:—<b class="b3">σύν</b> sts. follows its case, <span class="bibl">Il.10.19</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.332</span>, <span class="bibl">15.410</span>. It freq. stands between Adj. and Subst., as <span class="bibl">Od.11.359</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.9.194</span>, etc.; more rarely between Subst. and Adj., <span class="bibl">Od.13.258</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span> 8.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> freq. in tmesis in Hom., as <span class="bibl">Il.23.687</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.296</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in late Gr. <b class="b3">σὺν καὶ</b> c. dat., στεφανηφορήσας σ. καὶ Αὐρ. Ἰάσονι <span class="title">IG</span>12(7).259 (Amorgos, iii A.D.), cf. <span class="title">Supp.Epigr.</span>4.535 (Ephesus, ii/iii A.D.), <span class="title">Rev.Phil.</span>50.11 (Sardis, i/iii A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">CPR</span>26.16</span> (ii A.D.); cf. infr. c. <span class="bibl">2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">C</span> <b class="b3">σύν</b> AS ADV., [[together]], [[at once]], κενεὰς σ. Χεῖρας ἔχοντες <span class="bibl">Od.10.42</span>; mostly folld. by <b class="b3">δέ</b> or τε, σ. δὲ πτερὰ πυκνὰ λίασθεν <span class="bibl">Il.23.879</span>; σ. τε δύ' ἐρχομένω <span class="bibl">10.224</span> (cf. [[σύνδυο]]) ; ξ. τε διπλοῖ βασιλῆς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>960</span> (lyr.). It is sts. hard to distinguish this from tmesis, e.g. in <span class="bibl">Il.23.879</span>; so <b class="b3">ξὺν κακῶς ποιεῖν</b> is = [[Ξυγκακοποιεῖν]] in <span class="bibl">Th.3.13</span>. In Old Testament Gr. it is sts. used to translate the Hebr. <b class="b2">'ēth</b> (particle prefixed to the definite accus.) through confusion with the Prep. <b class="b2">'ēth</b> 'with', ἐμίσησα σὺν τὴν ζωήν <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ec.</span>2.17</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐμνήσθη σ. τοῦ ἀνδρός</b> ib.<span class="bibl">9.15</span>; ἔκτισεν ὁ θεὸς σὺν τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ σὺν τὴν γῆν Aq.<span class="title">Ge.</span>1.1, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[besides]], [[also]], σ. δὲ πλουτίζειν ἐμέ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>586</span>; σ. δ' αὔτως ἐγώ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 85</span>, etc.; σ. δ' ἐγὼ παρών <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1288</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>299</span>; Δίρκα τε . . σ. τ' Ἀσωπιάδες κόραι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>785</span> (lyr.); in later Poetry σ. καί <span class="bibl">A.R.1.74</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.4.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>8</span>, <span class="bibl">D.P.843</span> (also in late Prose, <span class="bibl">Ath.2.49a</span>; cf. supr. B. 3). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">D</span> IN COMPOS. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">with, along with, together, at the same time</b>, hence of any kind of union, connection, or participation in a thing, and metaph. of agreement or unity. In Compos. with a trans. Verb <b class="b3">σύν</b> may refer to the Object as well as the Subject, as <b class="b3">συγκατακτείνειν</b> may mean [[kill one person as well as another]], or, [[join with another in killing]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of the completion of an action, [[altogether]], [[completely]], as in συνάγνυμι, συνασκέω 2, <b class="b3">συνθρύπτω, συγκόπτω, συμπατέω, συμπληρόω, συντελέω, συντέμνω</b>; sts., therefore, it seems only to strengthen the force of the simple word. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> joined with numerals, <b class="b3">σύνδυο</b> <b class="b2">two together</b>, which sense often becomes distributive, <b class="b2">by twos, two and two</b>; so <b class="b3">σύντρεις, σύμπεντε</b>, etc., like Lat. [[bini]], [[terni]], etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">σύν</b> in Compos., before <b class="b3">β μ π φ ψ</b>, becomes <b class="b3">συμ-</b>; before <b class="b3">γ κ ξ Χ, συγ-</b>; before <b class="b3">λ συλ-</b>; before σ usu. <b class="b3">συσ-</b>; but becomes <b class="b3">συ-</b> before σ followed by a conson. (e.g. <b class="b3">συστῆναι</b>), before ζ, and perh. sts. before ξ. In a poet. passage, ap.<span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>237a</span>, we have <b class="b3">ξύμ</b> alone in tmesi, <b class="b3">ξύμ μοι λάβεσθε</b> for <b class="b3">συλλάβεσθέ μοι</b>; cf. ὅτε ξὺμ πρῶτ' ἐφύοντο <span class="bibl">Emp.95</span>: in Inscrr. and Papyri these assimilations are freq. not found.</span>