φθάνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">Il.9.506</span>, impf. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἔφθανον <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.2.30</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>9.272 (Bianor): fut. φθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.23.444</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.5.10</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>375c</span>, etc.; but <b class="b3">φθάσω [ᾰ</b>] <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Morb.</span>3.13</span> (s. v. l.), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.4.38</span>: aor. ἔφθᾰσα <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.161</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 752</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl">Th.3.49</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.19</span>, etc.; imper. φθάσον <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>6.11.7</span>; opt. 3sg. φθάσειε <span class="bibl">Isoc.8.120</span>, pl. φθάσειαν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.2.14</span> (this tense prevails in later Gk., <span class="bibl">Plb.3.66.1</span>, etc.); Dor. ἔφθασσα <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.115</span>: but the only Ep. aor. is <b class="b3">ἔφθην</b>, not found in A. or S., but the more usual form in E. and Ar., less freq. in Th., X., D.; pl. <b class="b3">ἔφθημεν, -ητε, -ησαν</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1468</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.2.5</span>, Ep.pl.3 φθάν <span class="bibl">Il.11.51</span>; subj. <b class="b3">φθῶ</b>, Ep. 3sg. <b class="b3">φθήῃ, φθῇσιν</b>, <span class="bibl">16.861</span>, <span class="bibl">23.805</span>; Ep. 1pl. φθέωμεν <span class="bibl">Od.16.383</span>; 3pl. φθέωσι <span class="bibl">24.437</span>; opt. <b class="b3">φθαίην</b>, Ep. 3sg. <b class="b3">φθαίησι</b> (παρα-) <span class="bibl">Il.10.346</span>; inf. φθῆναι <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.115</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.4</span>; part. φθάς <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.71</span>; Ep. part. Med. φθάμενος <span class="bibl">Il.5.119</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>554</span>: pf. <b class="b3">ἔφθᾰκα</b> Philipp. ap. <span class="bibl">D.18.39</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">2 Ch.</span>28.9</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12 9).906.26 (Chalcis, iii A. D.); πέφθακα <span class="bibl">Ps.-Callisth. 2.10</span> (v. l): plpf. ἐφθάκει <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Galb.</span> 17</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Philops.</span>6</span>:—Pass., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span>395a18</span>: impf. ἐφθάνετο <span class="title">AP</span>9.278 (Bianor); ἐφθάνοντο <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">BJ</span>5.2.4</span> (v.l. [[ἐφονεύοντο]]): aor. ἐφθάσθην <span class="bibl">D.H. 6.25</span>, <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span>315 (Smyrna), <span class="title">IPE</span>2.197 (Panticapaeum, ii A. D.), <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>8.12.4</span>. Gal.4.560. [φθᾰνω always in Att. (so also in <span class="title">AP</span>9.272 (Bianor), <span class="title">APl.</span>4.382, 384); φθᾱνω in <span class="bibl">Il.9.506</span>, <span class="bibl">21.262</span> (where Zenod. read <b class="b3">φθανέει</b> for <b class="b3">φθάνει</b>) ]:—[[come]] or <b class="b2">do first</b> or [[before]] others: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> c. acc. pers., <b class="b2">to be beforehand with, overtake, outstrip</b>, in running or otherwise, φθάνει δέ τε καὶ τὸν ἄγοντα <span class="bibl">Il.21.262</span>; φθῆ σε τελος θανάτοιο <span class="bibl">11.451</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>554</span>,<span class="bibl">570</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.161</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>120</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IT</span>669</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.9.42</span>, etc.; οὐ μὴ φθάσωμεν τοὺς κοιμηθέντας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Thess.</span>4.15</span>; so <b class="b3">ἔφθησαν τὸν χειμῶνα</b> they [[anticipated]] the storm, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.188</span>; φθάσας τὸν λογισμόν <span class="bibl">D.21.38</span>:—Pass., <b class="b2">to be overtaken</b>, ὑπό τινος <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Mu.</span>395a18</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>9.278 (Bianor); <b class="b3">ἐφθάσθην</b> (v. supr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> abs., [[come]] or <b class="b2">act first</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ὑστερέω</b> or <b class="b3">ὑστερίζω</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>975</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.1.18</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.4.121</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦ φθάσαντος ἁρπαγή</b> the prey of <b class="b2">the first comer</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>752</span> (troch.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>23</span> (lyr.); πρὶν ἐλθεῖν αὐτοὺς φθάσαι βουλόμενοι <span class="bibl">Th.7.36</span>; μὴ φθάσῃ ἐς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον ἐσπλεύσας <span class="bibl">Id.8</span>, <span class="bibl">100</span>; φθάσαι πρὶν ἀδικηθῆναι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1302b23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>1373a23</span>; in later writers, <b class="b3">τὰ φθάσαντα</b> the things <b class="b2">before mentioned</b>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span> 1.34</span>, Arg.D.46; part. <b class="b3">φθάνων, φθάσας</b> [[previous]], τῶν φθασάντων δυεῖν βιβλίων <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Abst.</span>3.1</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν τοῖς φθάνουσιν ἔργοις</b> Dex.Hist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>26 J.; τοῖς φθάνουσι κατορθώμασι Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>6 J.; οἱ φθάσαντες πόνοι <span class="bibl">Agath.5.16</span>; τὸ φθάνον <b class="b2">previous time</b>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>14.6</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ φθάσαν, τὰ φθάσαντα</b>, the [[past]], <span class="bibl">Agath.3.2</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Procop.Gaz.<span class="title">Ep.</span>32</span>; ὁ φθάσας χρόνος Men. Prot.<span class="bibl">p.127</span> D. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> with Preps., [[come]] or <b class="b2">arrive first</b>, ἕως τῶν οὐρανῶν <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">2 Ch.</span>28.9</span>; ἔφθασεν ἐφ' ὑμᾶς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>12.28</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>11.20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Thess.</span>2.16</span>: <b class="b3">φ. εἰς</b>... simply, [[arriveat]], [[attain to]], Ep.Rom.9.31, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Phil.</span>3.16</span>, Plu.2.338a; φθάσομεν εἰς Πηλούσι&lt;ον&gt; <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPar.</span>18.14</span> (ii A. D.): abs., of Time, [[arrive]], <b class="b3">καιρὸς τῆς τομῆς ἔφθακε</b> (v.l. [[ἔφθασεν]]) <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ca.</span> 2.12</span>; <b class="b3">ἔφθασεν ὁ μὴν ὁ ἕβδομος</b> ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Es.</span>3.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[extend]], μέχρι γῆς <span class="bibl">Plot.3.27</span>; εἰς βορρᾶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFlor.</span>50.87</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> [[reach]], αἰθέρα <span class="title">APl.</span>4.384. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> Gramm., <b class="b2">to be applied</b> or [[applicable]], ἐπ' ἀμφοτέρας τὰς διαθέσεις <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>211.22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">217.23</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> the action in which one <b class="b2">is beforehand</b> is expressed by the part. agreeing with the subject, [<b class="b3">Ἄτη] πολλὸν ὑπεκπροθέει, φθάνει δέ τε πᾶσαν ἐπ' αἶαν βλάπτουσ' ἀνθρώπους</b> and <b class="b2">is beforehand</b> in doing men mischief, <span class="bibl">Il.9.506</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἄρα μιν φθῆ Τηλέμαχος κατόπισθε βαλών</b> Telemachus <b class="b2">was beforehand</b> with him [[in]] striking, i.e. struck [[first]], <span class="bibl">Od.22.91</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">16.383</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.10.368</span>; ἔφθασέν με προαπελθὼν Χάρμος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>16.3</span> (iii B. C.); <b class="b3">ἔφθησαν ἀπικόμενοι</b> arrived [[first]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.136</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.115</span>; so <b class="b3">φ. εὐεργετῶν</b> <b class="b2">to be the first</b> to show a kindness, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.3.14</span>; ὅπως φθάσειαν βοηθήσαντες <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>7.2.14</span>; ἔφθασαν προκαταλαβόντες <span class="bibl">Th.3.112</span>; φθάνουσιν αὐτοὺς προκαταφυγοῦσαι <span class="bibl">Id.2.91</span>; ἢν φθάσωσιν πρότερον διαφθείραντες τὸ στράτευμα <span class="bibl">Id.7.25</span>; φ. γόνασι προσπεσὼν πατρός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>986</span>, etc: part. Pass. is also used, <b class="b3">ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη πόλις ἁλοῦσα</b>, i.e. it would be taken [[first]], <span class="bibl">Il.13.815</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ κε φθήῃ τυπείς</b> shall be wounded [[first]], <span class="bibl">16.861</span>; <b class="b3">φθαίητε γὰρ ἂν . . ἐξανδραποδισθέντες ἣ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.108</span>; μὴ φθάσωσι προεπιβουλευόμενοι <span class="bibl">Th.3.83</span>; ἔφθη κατακωλυθείς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.6.17</span>; <b class="b3">φθάνειν δεῖ πεφραγμένους τοὶς πόρους</b> they must [[first]] be blocked up, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.4.25</span>: these clauses, being compar. in sense, are folld. by a gen., <b class="b3">φθὰν δὲ μέγ' ἱππήων . . κοσμηθέντες</b> were drawn up [[before]] the drivers, <span class="bibl">Il.11.51</span>; more freq. by <b class="b3">πρὶν</b> . . or ἢ... ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος, πρὶν οὐτάσαι <span class="bibl">16.322</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Antipho1.29</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.2.4</span>; φθήσονται τούτοισι πόδες καὶ γοῦνα καμόντα ἢ ὑμῖν <span class="bibl">Il.23.444</span>; ἔφθης πεζὸς ἰὼν ἢ ἐγὼ σὺν νηΐ <span class="bibl">Od.11.58</span>; <b class="b3">ἔφθησαν ἀναβάντες πρὶν ἢ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.70</span>; <b class="b3">ἔφθησαν ἐκπεσόντες πρότερον ἢ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.6.91</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> in later Gr., c. part. to express [[previous]] action or happening, <b class="b3">φθάνω ὑμῖν πρότερον γεγραφηκώς</b> I have [[already]] written to you, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1666.3</span> (iii A. D.), cf. <span class="bibl">237 vi30</span> (ii A. D.), etc.; ἔφθασα εἰρηκώς <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Pisc.</span>29</span>; ὡς ἔφθην εἰπών <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Par.</span>3</span>; cf. <span class="bibl">111.2b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in the same sense, part. <b class="b3">φθάς</b> or <b class="b3">φθάσας</b>, Ep. <b class="b3">φθάμενος</b>, is used like an Adv. with a principal Verb, <b class="b3">ὅς μ' ἔβαλε φθάμενος</b>, for <b class="b3">ὅς μ' ἔφθη βαλών</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.5.119</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.387</span>, <span class="bibl">Od. 19.449</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἄλλος φθὰς ἐμεῦ κατήγορος ἔσται</b> no other shall be an accuser [[before]] me, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.71</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνέῳξάς με φθάσας</b> you opened the door [[before]] me, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>1102</span>; φθάσας προσπεσοῦμαι <span class="bibl">Th.5.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.91</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 1.5.3</span>, etc.; even with a part., φθάσας . . ἁρπάσας <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.65</span>; rarely part. pres., φθάνοντες δῃοῦμεν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> in signf. <span class="bibl">111.1b</span>, <b class="b3">φθάσαντες ἐπληρώσαμεν αὐτούς</b> we had [[already]] paid them, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1103.6</span> (iv A. D.); but <b class="b3">ὡσεὶ καὶ ὁμογενῆ φθάσας εἶπον</b> as if I [[had]] said (not <b class="b2">had already</b> said) <b class="b3">ὁ</b>., Gal.16.502. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> rarely c. inf., <b class="b3">ὁ φθάσας θαρσῆσαι</b> he that [[first]] gains confidence, <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span>; <b class="b3">σπεύδειν ὅπως . . φθαίης ἔτ' εἰς ἐκκλησίαν ἐλθεῖν</b> (v.l. [[ἐλθών]]) hurry <b class="b2">to be in time</b> to get to... <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>935</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>1384</span> (v. infr. IV. <span class="bibl">1</span>); <b class="b3">μόλις φθάνει θρόνοισιν ἐμπεσοῦσα μὴ χαμαὶ πεσεῖν</b> hardly [[manages]] by falling [[first]] on the seat not to fall on the ground, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1169</span>; more freq. in later writers, of actions which one [[manages]] to do, <b class="b2">does before</b> or <b class="b2">has done first</b> or [[already]], <span class="bibl">A.R.1.1189</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.4.59</span>,<span class="bibl">61</span>, <span class="bibl">Sor.1.111</span>, Gal.15.2,93, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">DMort.</span>13.2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Harm.</span>2</span>; ἐὰν φθάσω πρὸ τῆς τρύγης ἀνελθεῖν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>8.971.10</span> (iii/iv A. D.); ἐὰν ὁ ἰατρὸς αὐτὸ φθάσῃ κενῶσαι Gal.16.499; <b class="b3">φθάνοντος ἤδη πυρέττειν ἐκ τεττάρων ἡμερῶν τοῦ νοσοῦντος</b> <b class="b2">having already begun</b>, ib.498; <b class="b3">μὴ φθάνων προσηκόντως τρέφεσθαι</b> if he [[is]] not [[first]] suitably nourished, Id.18(2).36, cf. 84,103; <b class="b3">συμβαίνει φθάνειν ἀποθνῄσκειν τοὺς νεωτέρους</b> the young die [[first]], ib.222; <b class="b3">εἰ φθάσαιμεν παλαιοὺς πίθους ἔχειν μεγάλους</b> if we [[already]] have... <span class="title">Gp.</span>6.3.11, cf. 10.22.2, al., <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>90.1</span>; ἔφθακεν οὖν ταῦτα ἐψηφίσθαι καὶ τῇ βουλῇ <span class="title">IG</span>12(9).906.26 (Chalcis, iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> with negatives, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> with <b class="b3">οὐ</b> and part. (inf. is v. l. in <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 1384</span>), folld. by <b class="b3">καί</b> or <b class="b3">καὶ εὐθύς</b>, of two actions following close on each other, <b class="b3">οὐ φθάνειν χρὴ συσκιάζοντας γένυν καὶ . . ὁρμᾶν</b> you must <b class="b2">no sooner</b> get your beard than you march, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1219</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ φθάνει ἐξαγόμενος καὶ εὐθὺς ὅμοιός ἐστι τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις</b> <b class="b2">no sooner</b> is he brought out than he becomes unclean, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>5.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1384</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔφθημεν εἰς Τροιζῆν' ἐλθόντες καὶ τοιαύταις νόσοις ἐλήφθημεν ἐξ ὧν</b> . . <b class="b2">no sooner</b> had we come to Troezen than... <span class="bibl">Isoc.19.22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.53</span>, <span class="bibl">8.98</span>, <span class="bibl">9.53</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔφθη μοι συμβᾶσα ἡ ἀτυχία καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπεχείρησαν διαφορῆσαι τἄνδοθεν</b> [[scarcely]] or <b class="b2">no sooner</b> had misfortune befallen me when... <span class="bibl">D.57.65</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">43.69</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.86</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε</b>, with part. pres., express a strong exhortation or urgent command, <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε τὴν ταχίστην ὀπίσω ἀπαλλασσόμενοι</b> you could not <b class="b2">be too quick</b> in departing, i.e. <b class="b2">make haste and</b> be off, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.162</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ φθάνοιτ' ἔτ' ἄν θνῄσκοντες</b> <b class="b2">make haste and</b> die, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>936</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">941</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Alc.</span> 662</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Heracl.</span>721</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>456</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IT</span>245</span>; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτον τοῦτο πράττοντε <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>485</span>; <b class="b3">ἀποτρέχων οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1133</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς ἀγορὰν ἰὼν ταχέως οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις</b> ib.<span class="bibl">874</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ec.</span>118</span>; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις λέγων <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Smp.</span>185e</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.3.11</span>; these phrases are not to be treated as questions, cf. <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιμι</b> (sc. <b class="b3">λέγων</b>) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>214e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>100c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.25.40</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Fug.</span>26</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Symp.</span>2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Anach.</span>14</span>: c. part. aor., once in <span class="bibl">Luc., <span class="title">Vit.Auct.</span>26</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> in <span class="bibl">1</span>, <span class="bibl">2</span>, or <span class="bibl">3</span> pers., to express immediate futurity, <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις ἀκούων</b> you [[shall]] hear <b class="b2">in a moment</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span> 272d</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι τὸ πλῆθος τούτοις τοῖς θηρίοις δουλεῦον</b> <b class="b2">will soon</b> (or [[inevitably]]) be enslaved to... <span class="bibl">D.24.143</span>; also to express what is logically inevitable, <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιεν αὐτοὺς προσκυνοῦντες</b> they <b class="b2">will soon be</b> (or <b class="b2">cannot logically help</b>) worshipping them, Aristeas 137; τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις καὶ Ἐμπεδοκλεῖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἐγκαλῶν <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Fug.</span>2</span>; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι κἀμὲ μάντιν λέγων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hes.</span>8</span>; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι τις ἁπάσας ἀναιρῶν τὰς τοιαύτας προστασίας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Apol.</span>11</span>: c. part. aor., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tox.</span>2</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-1269.png Seite 1269]] fut. φθήσομαι, Il. 23, 444, u. so auch bei den Attikern, wie Thuc. 5, 10, später auch φθάσω u. dor. φθάξω; aor. ἔφθην, 3. Vers. plur. ἔφθαν und φθάν, statt ἔφθησαν, Il. 11, 51, int. [[φθῆναι]], conj. φθῶ, 3 Pers. ep. φθήῃ u. φθῇσιν, Il. 16, 816. 23, 805, plur. [[φθέωμεν]], φθέωσιν, Od. 16, 383. 24, 437, optat. φθαίην, wozu man auch παραφθαίῃσι Il. 10, 346 rechnet, nachhomerisch auch ἔφθασα, aor. med. nur ep. φθάμενος; dor. ἔφθαξα, perf. ἔφθακα; Sp. auch φθασθῆναι, D. Hal.; – [[zuvorkommen]], zuvorthun, eher als ein Anderer thun; absolut, wie es Il. 9, 506 von der Ate heißt πολλὸν ὑπεκπροθέει, φθάνει δέ τε πᾶσαν ἐπ' αἶαν βλάπτουσ' ἀνθρώπ ους, zuvor kommt sie über den ganzen Erdkreis hin, wenn man nicht auch hier besser das partic. damit verbindet (s. unt.); [[δέδοικα]], μὴ πολὺς πλούτου [[πόνος]] γένηται τοῦ φθάσαντος [[ἁρπαγή]] Aesch. Pers. 738; φθάνειν εἰς τὴν πόλιν, zuvor, zuerst in die Stadt kommen, Xen. Cyr. 5, 4,9; τὴν δὲ ἑτέραν φθάσαι βουλομένην προσδραμεῖν Mem. 2, 2,3; – c. accus. der Person, der man zuvorkommt, die man im Laufe einholt; φθάνει δέ τε καὶ τὸν ἄγοντα Il. 21, 267, Hes. O. 556. 572; φθάσας ὁ Αθηναίων [[ἄγγελος]] τὸν Λακεδαιμονίων ἀμείβετο τοῖσδε Her. 7, 161; οἱ δ' ἔφθησαν τὸν χειμῶνα 7, 188; [[ἐπείπερ]] ἔφθης νεωτέρο υς Eur. Heracl. 121. – Die Handlung, in der Einer dem Andern zuvor kommt, wird gew. durch das partic. ausgedrückt, wo wir im Deutschen häufig das partic. durch ein verb. finit. u. [[φθάνω]] durch ein adv. »zuvor«, »eher« wiedergeben können; ἀλλ' ἄρα μιν φθῆ Τηλέμαχος [[κατόπισθε]] βαλών, Telemach kam ihm imt Werfen zuvor, traf ihn zuvor, Od. 22, 91; φθῆ σε [[τέλος]] θανάτοιο κιχήμενον, dich erreichte eher der Tod, Il. 11, 451; ἵνα μή τις Ἀχαιῶν φθαίη ἐπε υξάμενος βαλέειν, ὁ δὲ [[δεύτερος]] ἔλθοι, 10, 367; vgl. 16, 314. 23, 805 Od. 16, 383. 24, 437; selten mit einem pass., εἴ κε φθήῃ τυπ είς Il. 16, 861, eher verwundet werden, wie ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη [[πόλις]] ἁλοῦσα, eher erobert werden, 13, 815; βουλόμενοι [[φθῆναι]] τοὺς Ἀθηναίους ἀπικόμενοι εἰς τὸ [[ἄστυ]] Her. 6, 115, indem sie den Athenern in die Stadt kommend zuvorkommen wollten, d. i. indem sie eher als die Athener in die Stadt gelangen wollten; φθάναι γόνασι προσπεσὼν πατρός Eur. Herc.. 986; Med. 1169 u. öfter; Ar. Plut 685. 1102; φθάνει [[ἡμέρα]] γενομένη αὐτὸν πορε υόμενον, es ward eher Tag, ehe er ankam, Xen. Cyr. 5, 7,16, wie An. 5, 7,16, der Tag überraschte ihn; ὃς ἂν φθάσῃ τελευτήσας διὰ τὰ δεσμά Plat. Euthyphr. 9 a; σμικρόν γε ἔφθης με ἐρόμενος Polit. 293 e; φθάνουσιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἄκρῳ γενόμενοι τοὺς πολεμίους Xen. An. 3, 4,49; φθήσονται ποιοῦντες Isocr. 4, 79; Sp., ἔφθη παρενεχθεὶς τοσοῦτον, ὅσον τὰς αἰχμὰς εἰς τὴν γῆν παγῆναι Plut. Sull. 29, vgl. 37. - Selten mit dem int., φθαίης ἔτ' εἰς ἐκκλησίαν [[ἐλθεῖν]] Ar. Equ. 942; vgl. Luc. D. Mort. 13, 2. - Es folgt auch [[πρίν]], ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος πρὶν οὐτάσαι Il. 16, 322, wie Xen. Cyr. 3, 2,4; u. ἤ, φθήσονται τούτοισι πόδες καὶ γοῦνα καμόντα ἢ ὑμῖν, die Füße und Kniee werden ihnen eher müde werden als euch, Il. 23, 444; Od. 11, 58; Theocr. 2, 114, Her. φθαίητε γὰρ ἂν [[πολλάκις]] ἐξανδραπ οδισθέντες ἤ τινα πυθέσθαι ἡμέων 6, 108; ήσκήκεις δὲ φθάνειν ἕλκων ἢ τὰ πτηνά φυγεῖν Xen. Cyr. 1, 6,39, du hattest dich geübt, das Netz zuzuziehen, ehe die Vögel fort flogen; u. πρὶν ἤ, ἔφθησαν ἐπὶ τοὺς πύργο υς ἀναβάντες πρὶν ἤ – Her. 9, 70; u. [[ἀλλά]], οὐκ [[ἄλλος]] φθὰς ἐμεῦ [[κατήγορος]] ἔσται, [[ἀλλά]] σφεα αὐτὸς ἐγὼ [[κατερέω]], kein Anderer soll mein Ankläger eher sein, sondern ich werde selbst anklagen, d. i. kein Anderer soll mich eher anklagen, als ich, Her. 3, 71. – In der letzten Stelle ist nicht ein tempus finit. von [[φθάνω]] mit dem particip. eines anderen Verbums verbunden, sondern umgekehrt das part. φθάς mit dem tempus finit. eines anderen Verbums; so bei Hom. das partic. φθάμενος, ὅς μ' ἔβαλε φθάμενος statt ὅς μ' ἔφθη βαλών, der mich zuvor, eher traf, Il. 5, 119. 13, 387. 23, 779 Od. 19, 449; und so bei den Attikern partic. praes. und aor., φθάνοντες δῃοῦμεν Xen. Cyr. 3, 3,18, wie φθάσας ἀσθενώσω 1, 5,3, eher will ich schwachen; Ar. Plut. 1102; φθάσας προσπεσοῦμαι Thuc. 5, 9. – Sp. brauchen auch das pass. φθάνεσθαι, überholt, eingeholt, überrascht werden, von Einem, ὑπ ό τινος, Bian. 5 (IX, 278). – Besonders zu merken ist noch die Verbindung mit οὐ und folgendem [[καί]], κακκᾶν ἂν οὐκ ἔφθης φράσαι κἀγὼ λαβὼν θ ύραζε ἐξέφερον ἄν Ar. Nubb. 1366, u. sonst, gew. c. partic., οὐκ ἐφθημεν ἐλθόντες καὶ νόσοις ἐλήφθημεν, <b class="b2">nicht sobald</b> waren wir angekommen, oder [[kaum]] waren wir angekommen, als wir auch schon von Krankheiten ergriffen wurden; οὐκ ἔφθη μοι συμβᾶσα ἡ [[ἀτυχία]] καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπεχείρησαν διαφορῆσαι τἄνδοθεν, kaum, nicht sobald war mir das Unglück begegnet, als sie sogleich, Dem. 57, 65; οὐ γὰρ ἔφθη Θεόπομπος τὴν ἐπιδικαοὐκ ἔφθη λέγων καὶ εὐθὺς ἐγέλασαν ἅπαντες, eigtl., er kam mit dem Reden nicht dem Lachen zuvor, d. i. kaum hatte erzu reden angefangen, als auch Alle schon lachten. – In Fragesätzen bezeichnet οὐ [[φθάνω]] die lingeduld in Erwartung der Erfüllung dessen, was die Frage ausspricht, drückt also eine nachdrückliche Aufforderung aus, oder ist eine mildere Form für den imperat, bes. für augenblickl ich zu vollziehende Befehle, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις λέγων; willst du nicht zuvor sagen? d. i. sage es auf der Stelle, so rede nur, Plat. Conv. 185 e; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτ' ἀκολο υθοῦντες; wollt ihr nicht auf der Stelle folgen? d. i. folgt auf der Stelle! Auch mit part. med. u. pass., οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε τὴν ταχίστην [[ὀπίσω]] ἀπαλλασσόμενοι; d. i. geht schnell zurück, Her. 7, 162; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι κατακοπτόμενος; wird nicht sogleich niedergehauen werden? Dem. 25, 40. – Aehnlich wird das partic. aor. zum imperat. gesetzt, λέγε φθάσας, sprich schnell. – Im Antwortssatz ist οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιμι »ich werde sogleich beginnen«, Plat. Conv. 214 e Phaed. 100 c; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις ἀκούων, das sollst du gleich hören, Euthyd. 272 d. – [Im praes. ist α bei den Epikern lang, Il. 9, 506. 21, 262, bei den Attikern kurz, bei Sp. nach dem Versbedürfnisse lang u. kurz, Jac. A. P. p. 884.]