ποταμός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[river]], [[stream]], Ὠκεανοῖο ἐξ οὗ περ πάντες π. <span class="bibl">Il.21.196</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἁλιμυρήεις, ἀργυροδίνης, βαθυδίνης, βαθύρροος, δεινός, διιπετής, δινήεις, ἐΰρροος, ἐρίδουπος, εὐρὺ ῥέων, θεῖος, ἱερός, ἴφθιμος, καλλίροος, κελάδων, λάβρος, πλήθων, χειμάρροος, ὠκύροος</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.460</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.21.8</span>, <span class="bibl">212</span>, <span class="bibl">8</span>, <span class="bibl">25</span>, <span class="bibl">17.263</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.11.242</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.21.130</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.515</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">Il.21.304</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.11.238</span>, <span class="bibl">10.351</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">Il.17.749</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">Od.5.441</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.576</span>, <span class="bibl">21.270</span>, <span class="bibl">5.87</span>, <span class="bibl">87</span>, <span class="bibl">598</span>; <b class="b3">νυκτὸς π</b>., of the [[rivers]] of hell, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>130.9</span>: prov., <b class="b3">ἄνω ποταμῶν</b>, of extraordinary events, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>335</span>, etc. (in full, ἄνω π. ἱερῶν χωροῦσι παγαί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>410</span> (lyr.)); π. οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμβῆναι δὶς τῷ αὐτῷ <span class="bibl">Heraclit. 91</span>; <b class="b3">π. θαλάσσῃ ἐρίζεις</b>, of unequal combats, Suid., etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b2">rivers of fire</b> or [[lava]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.22</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>370</span>: Com., ζωμοῦ π. κρέα θερμὰ κυλίνδων <span class="bibl">Telecl.1.8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pherecr.108.3</span>; also π. πραγμάτων <span class="bibl">Porph. <span class="title">Marc.</span>5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[artificial stream]], [[canal]], <span class="bibl">Str.16.1.10</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>7.21.1</span>; οἱ ὀρυχθέντες π. <span class="title">OGI</span>54.23 (Adule, iii B. C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> personified, [[rivergod]], <span class="bibl">Il.20.7</span>, <span class="bibl">73</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> name of the constellation Eridanus, Eudox. ap. <span class="bibl">Hipparch.1.2.20</span>, <span class="bibl">Arat.358</span>, etc.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[river]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ποταμο-φύλαξ</b> m. <b class="b2">river-guard</b> (pap.), <b class="b3">καλλι-πόταμος</b> <b class="b2">with fair rivers</b> (E. in lyr.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Demin. <b class="b3">ποτάμ-ιον</b> n. (com., Str.), <b class="b3">-ίσκος</b> m. (Str.). Further subst. 2. <b class="b3">ποταμ-εύς</b> m. designation of the Eastwind in Tripolis (Arist.), 3. <b class="b3">-ίτης</b> m. <b class="b2">river-worker</b> (pap.; Redard 36). Adj. 4. <b class="b3">-ιος</b> [[belonging to the river]] (Pi., Hdt., trag. etc.), <b class="b3">-ιαῖος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arist. [v. l. <b class="b3">-ιος</b>, Ruf.); <b class="b3">-ήϊος</b> (Nonn.), f. <b class="b3">-ηΐς</b> (A. R., Nic.) <b class="b2">id.</b>, both metr. condit. -- 5 <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">river-like</b> (Eun.); 6. <b class="b3">-ηνή</b> f. <b class="b2">adjunct of Μήτηρ, river-goddess</b> (inscr. Pisidia; cf. Schwyzer 490 w. lit.). 7. Adv. <b class="b3">-ηδόν</b> <b class="b2">like a river, in streams</b> (Luc., Aret.); 8. Verb <b class="b3">-όομαι</b> [[to form a river]] (Aq.). -- 9. nickname <b class="b3">Ποτάμιλλα</b> m. (Sophr.; Schwyzer 561 w. lit.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Formation like <b class="b3">οὑλαμός</b>, <b class="b3">πλόκαμος</b> a. o. -- Perh. with L. Meyer, Prellwitz, Bq s. v. to <b class="b3">πίπτω</b>, <b class="b3">ἔπετον</b> [[fall]]; so prop. "torrent, torrent" referring to a river flowing sweeping (away) in a mountainous area; note the adjunct <b class="b3">διιπετής</b> (Π 174, δ 477) which is difficult however. Thus Persson Beitr. 2, 654. Kretschmer Glotta 22, 265 u. 27, 248f., Runes IF 50, 265, Havers Sprache 4, 24, WP. 2, 219, Pok. 825, W.-Hofmann s. [[petō]]. -- Diff. Fick 1, 473 (asking) and Wackernagel Syntax 2, 30f.: to <b class="b3">πετάννυμι</b>, <b class="b3">πέτασμα</b> as "expansion" and identical with Germ., e.g. OS [[fathmos]], OE [[fæðm]] <b class="b2">extension (of the arms), embrace, fathem</b> (OE <b class="b2">flôdes fæðm</b>). Thus esp. Specht KZ 63, 132, also Risch $ 19b (with reserve), Schwyzer 493 n. 11. -- To be rejected Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 502 f. (for <b class="b3">*τοπαμός</b> to Lith. <b class="b2">tekù</b> [[run]] etc.). - The etymology is uncertain. - The word could also be Pre-Greek.