προβάλλω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=fut. <b class="b3">-βᾰλῶ</b>: pf. <b class="b3">-βέβληκα</b>: Ep.aor.2 <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> προβάλεσκον <span class="bibl">Od. 5.331</span>: Hom. has only aor. Act. and Med. without augm.:—[[throw]] or <b class="b2">lay before, throw to</b>, <b class="b3">Νότος Βορέῃ προβάλεσκε [σχεδίην] φέρεσθαι</b> l.c.; τοὺς μαζοὺς κυσὶ προέβαλε <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.112</span>; τρωγάλια τοῖς θεωμένοις <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span> 798</span>; πυροὺς ὀλίγους π. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Av.</span>626</span>; π. τινὰ ταῖς Νύμφαις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>241e</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνδρὶ δέμας</b>, of a woman, E.<span class="title">Cret.</span>6: without dat., π. ἀκήδευτα τὰ σώματα <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Per.</span>28</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[put forward]], π. πρόβλημα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>261a</span>; <b class="b3">ἄμφω τὰ δεξιὰ προβεβληκώς</b>, of a horse, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1460b19</span> (also Med., τὰ ἀριστερὰ προβάλλονται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">IA</span>706a6</span>); χλαμύδα ἀλώπεκι <span class="bibl">Paus.4.18.6</span>; π. αὐτὸν ἐς τὸ μέσον <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cat.</span>25</span>: metaph., ἀγαθὴν ἐλπίδα π. σαυτῷ <span class="bibl">Men.572</span>:—Pass., v. infr. B.111.1. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> in obstetrics, [[present]], Act. and Pass., <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.69</span>, <span class="bibl">Sor.2.60</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἔριδα προβαλόντες</b> [[putting forth]] strife, i.e. striving, <span class="bibl">Il.11.529</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[put forward]] as an argument or plea, ἐπεί μοι τὴν θέμιν προὔβαλες <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>810</span>; Κύπριν <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hec.</span>825</span>; τοὔνομα τὸ τῆς εἰρήνης <span class="bibl">D.9.8</span>:—Pass., τὸν ὑφ' ἁπάντων προβαλλόμενον λόγον <span class="bibl">Th.6.92</span>; ἐς ἐνθυμίαν αἰεὶ προβαλλόμενος <span class="bibl">Id.5.16</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> Med., <b class="b2">put forward, propose for an office</b>, λῃτουργεῖν π. γυμνασίαρχον <span class="bibl">And.1.132</span>:—Pass., v. infr. <span class="bibl">B.1.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[propound]] a question, task, problem, riddle (cf. [[πρόβλημα]] IV), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>757</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>536d</span>; <b class="b3">αἴνιγμα, γρῖφον</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>162b</span>, <span class="bibl">Antiph.74.5</span>; χαλεπὴν π. ᾱἵρεσιν <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Sph.</span>245b</span>; εὔσκεπτον σκέψιν π. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>65d</span>; ὰπορίαν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1283b35</span>: later folld. by interrog. clause, πρόβαλε σαυτῷ τί ἂν ἐποίησεν ἐν τούτῳ Σωκράτης <span class="bibl">Epict.<span class="title">Ench.</span>33.12</span>; θεοῦ προβαλόντος πότερον… Aristid.1.41 J.:—Pass., <b class="b3">προβάλλεται τάδε θεωρῆσαι, περὶ τοῦ κώνου προβεβλημένα ἐστὶ τάδε</b>, Archim.<b class="b2">Con.Sph.Praef., Spir.Praef</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">put forth beyond</b>, κάρα… ὀχημάτων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>740</span>; τῶν ὀδόντων τὴν γλῶσσαν <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SA</span>1.7</span>; φλέγμα καὶ ἀφρῶδες ἐκ τοῦ στόματος <span class="bibl">Philum.<span class="title">Ven.</span>1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[expose]], [[give up]], <b class="b3">π. σφέας αὐτοὺς ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ</b> [[give]] themselves <b class="b2">up for lost</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.141</span>; ἐμαυτὸν εἰς ἀρὰς δεινάς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>745</span>; ψυχὴν π. ἐν κύβοισι δαίμονος [[hazard]], [[venture]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>183</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[send forth]], [[emit]], <b class="b3">τράγου ὀσμήν</b> v.l. (for <b class="b3">προσ-</b>) in Dsc.4.50; τὴν φωνὴν ὀξεῖαν π. <span class="bibl">D.S.3.8</span>; ἦχον τραχύν <span class="bibl">Id.5.30</span>, etc.; [[produce]], καρπόν <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span> 4.8.19</span>; ἄνθος <span class="bibl">Aët.12.1</span>:—Pass., c. gen., [[to be emitted from]], αἱ τῶν θεῶν δυνάμεις προβεβλημέναι τῶν πρώτων <span class="bibl">Procl.<span class="title">in Prm.</span>p.552S.</span> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> intr., [[stick out]], of the tongue, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>660a24</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[fall forward]], <b class="b3">εἰς τὸ μέτωπον</b> Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>487</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> Med. with pf. Pass. (used also in pass. sense, v. infr.):— [[throw]] or <b class="b2">toss before one</b>, οὐλοχύτας προβάλοντο <span class="bibl">Il.1.458</span>, al.: hence, [[throw away]], [[expose]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1017</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[set before]] or [[in front]], θεμείλιά τε προβάλοντο <span class="bibl">Il.23.255</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">set before oneself, propose to oneself</b>, ἔργον <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>779</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">put forward, propose for election</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.98</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 755c</span> sq., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.1.25</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.1343.29, etc.; προβαλλόμενος ἑαυτόν <span class="bibl">D. 21.15</span>:—Pass., Hdt. l.c., Pl.l.c., etc.; προβληθεὶς πυλάγορος οὗτος <span class="bibl">D. 18.149</span>, cf.285. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> c. dat. et inf., [[challenge]] a person to...<b class="b3">π. μοι [ὀμόσαι</b>] Mitteis <span class="title">Chr.</span>32i14, cf. ii 13(ii B.C.):—Pass., of the oath, [[to be proposed as a challenge]], ib.ii 25, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span> 5231.9</span> (i A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">throw beyond, beat in throwing</b>: hence, [[surpass]], [[excel]], c. gen. pers. et dat. rei, ἐγὼ δέ κε σεῖο νοήματί γε προβαλοίμην <span class="bibl">Il.19.218</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">hold before oneself</b> so as to protect, λαιᾷ ἴτυν <span class="bibl">Tyrt.15.3</span>; Πηλεΐδᾳ κατ' ὄμμα πέλταν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>370</span> (lyr.); τὼ χεῖρε <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>201</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὰ ὅπλα</b> [[level]] arms, opp. <b class="b3">μεταβάλλεσθαι</b> (cf. προβολή <span class="bibl">1</span>), τὴν φάλαγγα ἐκέλευσε προβαλέσθαι τὰ ὅπλα καὶ ἐπιχωρῆσαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.2.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.5.16</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span>3.8.4</span>: in pf. Pass., <b class="b3">σάρισαν προβεβλημένος</b> [[having]] his pike [[advanced]], with levelled pike, <span class="bibl">D.S.17.100</span>; τοὺς θυρεοὺς πρὸ τῶν νώτων… -βεβλημένοι <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Tact.</span>36.1</span>; εἰκοσάπηχύν τινα προβεβλ. κοντόν <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMort.</span>27.4</span>; also <b class="b3">προβεβλημένοι τοὺς θωρακοφόρους</b> [[having]] them [[to cover]] one [[in front]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 6.3.24</span>; <b class="b3">π. τάφρον, ποταμόν</b>, of a general, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.18.3</span>, <span class="bibl">2.5.5</span>; π. τῆς… στρατοπεδείας τεῖχος <span class="bibl">Id.1.48.10</span>, etc.; πόλις -βεβλημένη ποταμόν <span class="bibl">Str. 11.2.17</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὰ θηρία πρὸ τῶν κεράτων, λογχοφόρους τῆς δυνάμεως</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.72.9</span>, <span class="bibl">3.113.6</span>: abs., <b class="b2">stand in front</b>, <b class="b3">πρὸ ἀμφοῖν προβεβλημένος</b> [[standing so as to cover]] both, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.2.21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.3.10</span>: c. gen., τούτου προβέβληται Πολύευκτος <span class="bibl">D.21.139</span>; προβάλλεσθαι ἢ ἐναντίον βλέπειν οὔτ' οἶδεν οὔτ' ἐθέλει <span class="bibl">Id.4.40</span>; <b class="b3">προαίρεσις τῆς πολιτείας προβεβλημένη</b> a [[guarded]] policy, <span class="bibl">Id.19.27</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς ἅπαντας -βεβλημένος</b> <b class="b2">on one's guard</b> against, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Dio</span> 9</span>:—Pass., ἱππῆς προβέβληνται πρὸ τοῦ δεξιοῦ κέρως <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Tact.</span>36.2</span>; <b class="b3">κράνη πρὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς π</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">34.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[put forward]], τὴν ἀγαθὴν προβαλλόμενος ἐλπίδα <span class="bibl">D.18.97</span>; <b class="b3">ταύτην τὴν συμμαχίαν</b> ib.195; <b class="b3">τὴν Εὔβοιαν προβαλέσθαι πρὸ τῆς Ἀττικῆς</b> ib.301, cf. 300, <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.122</span>; τι πρὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">bring forward, cite on one's own part, in defence</b>, τὸν Ὅμηρον π. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>201b</span>; π. μάρτυρας <span class="bibl">Is.7.3</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ προβαλόμενος</b> [[one who has brought evidence]], Lex ap.<span class="bibl">D.46.10</span>; [[cite as an example]], ἔθνος οὐδὲν ἔχομεν προβαλέσθαι σοφίης πέρι <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.46</span>; [[use as an excuse]] or [[pretext]], <span class="bibl">Th.2.87</span>, etc.; τὸ εὐπρεπὲς ἄσπονδον προβέβληνται <span class="bibl">Id.1.37</span>; <b class="b3">π. σκῆψιν, πρόφασιν</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.5.56.7</span>, <span class="bibl">15.20.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> in Att. law, [[accuse]] a person by <b class="b3">προβολή</b> (v. <b class="b3">προβολή</b> v), [[present him as guilty]] of the offence, προὐβαλόμην ἀδικεῖν τοῦτον περὶ τὴν ἑορτήν <span class="bibl">D.21.1</span> (cf. Harp. s.v. [[προβαλλομένους]]) <b class="b3">; π. τινά τι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">28</span>; τινα alone, ib.<span class="bibl">175</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ προβαλλόμενος</b> the [[prosecutor]] in a <b class="b3">προβολή</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">179</span>:—Pass., <b class="b2">to be accused</b> or [[presented]], προὐβλήθησαν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.7.35</span>: generally, [[attack]], [[censure]], τὸ ἔθος <span class="bibl">D.H.4.24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ph.2.137</span>; τοὺς ψευδομένους <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">BJ</span>2.8.7</span> (s. v.l.), cf. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">CG</span>14</span>; opp. ἐπαινεῖν, Id.2.18d.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0710.png Seite 710]] (s. [[βάλλω]]), Hom. nur aor. act. u. med., stets ohne Augment, [[vorwerfen]], hinwerfen, τινί τι; Νότος Βορέῃ προβάλεσκε, Od. 5, 331; [[τρωγάλια]] τοῖς θεωμένοις, Ar. Plut. 799; auch übertr., ἱππῆες πεζοί τε κακὴν ἔριδα προβαλόντες, den Wettkampf hinwerfend, anfangend, Il. 11, 529; ἑαυτὸν εἰς ἀρὰς δεινάς, Soph. O. R. 745; u. ohne Zusatz, sich jeder Gefahr preisgeben, sein Leben in die Schanze schlagen, vgl. ψυχὴν προβάλλοντ' ἐν κύβοισι δαίμονος, Eur. Rhes. 183; aber Her. 7, 141 = sich selbst wegwerfen, den Muth verlieren, verzweifeln; so ist auch Dem. 19, 27 zu nehmen, [[προαίρεσις]] τῆς πολιτείας προβεβλημένη καὶ [[ἄπιστος]]. – Auch = preisgeben, [[ἐπεί]] μοι τὴν θέμιν σὺ προὔ. βαλες, Soph. Trach. 807, Schol. ἀπέῤῥιψας καὶ παρεῖδες. So Plat. αἷς με σὺ προὔβαλες ἐκ προνοίας, Phaedr. 241 e. – Eine Frage<b class="b2"> vorlegen, aufgeben</b>, eine Aufgabe stellen, ἕτερον αὖ σοι προβαλῶ τι δεξιόν, Ar. Nubb. 757; Plat. oft, τὰ λογισμῶν παισὶν οὖσι χρὴ προβάλλειν Rep. VII, 536 d, σκέψιν προβέβληκας Phil. 65 d, αἵρεσιν χαλεπήν Soph. 245 b, πρὸς τὴν τοῦ προβληθέντος ζήτησιν Polit. 286 b. – Med., – a) <b class="b2">vor sich hinwerfen</b>, -schütten, οὐλοχύτας προβάλοντο, Il. 1, 458. 2, 421 Od. 3, 447; θεμείλιά τε προβάλοντο ἀμφὶ [[πυρήν]], Il. 23, 255, sie legten vorweg, zuerst den Grund; sich vorlegen, vornehmen, [[ἔργον]], Hes. O. 781; hinwerfen, preisgeben, ἐν ᾗ (ἀκτῇ) με προὐβάλου ἄφιλον, Soph. Phil. 1005; vor sich hinhalten, [[οὔκουν]] προβαλεῖ τὼ χεῖρε κἀκτενεῖς, Ar. Ran. 201; bes. Waffen zum Schutz, Xen. Cyr. 2, 3, 10 An. 4, 2, 21; ἐκέλευσε προβαλέσθαι τὰ ὅπλα καὶ ἐπιχωρῆσαι ὅλην τὴν φάλαγγα, 1, 2, 17, d. i. sich zum Angriff fertig machen, wobei man den Schild vornimmt unb die Lanze fällt. Vgl. μεταβάλλειν. Daher προβεβλημένοι τοὺς θωρακοφόρους, Xen. Cyr. 6, 3, 24, die vor sich die Geharnischten haben; so auch Pol. oft, τὰ θηρία πρὸ τῶν κεράτων προεβάλλετο, 3, 72, 9; auch τῆς ἰδίας στρατοπεδείας [[τεῖχος]] προβαλλόμενοι, 1, 48, 10, vgl. 2, 65, 9; auch προεβάλοντο τάφρον, ποταμόν, 1, 18, 3. 2, 5, 5;. τὸ [[τεῖχος]] κύκλῳ προβεβλημένον τὸν ποταμόν, Strab. 11, 14, 6. Bei Dem. 4, 40, προβάλλεσθαι δ' ἢ βλέπειν [[ἐναντίον]] οὔτ' οἶδεν οὔτ' ἐθέλει, sich schützen, vertheidigen. – Daher auch als Vorwand brauchen, vorschützen, Einem vorhalten, bes. Sp., wie M. Anton. 1, 12; vgl. noch Aesch. 1, 74, [[ὅμως]] πρό γε τῆς αἰσχύνης προβάλλονταί τι καὶ συγκλείουσι τὰς θύρας. – b)<b class="b2"> vorschlagen</b>, zur Wahl, τοὺς στρατηγοὺς προὐβάλλοντο, Plat. Legg. VI, 756 a; οὓς ἂν [[κοινῇ]] προβαλόμενοι ἕλωνται, XI, 916 b; Xen. An. 5, 9, 25 προεβάλλοντο αὐτόν· ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐδόκει δῆλον, ὅτι αἱρήσονται αὐτόν; Dem. προβληθεὶς [[πυλαγόρας]] καὶ τριῶν ἢ τεττάρων χειροτονησάντων αὐτὸν ἀνεῤῥήθη, 19, 149; so auch Pol. 6, 26, 5. – c) <b class="b2">für sich anführen</b>, [[ἔθνος]], ein Volk als Beispiel anführen, erwähnen, Her. 4, 46; τὸν Ὅμηρον δοκεῖ μοι χρῆναι προβάλλεσθαι, Plat. Lach. 201 b; als Zeugen, Dem. 46, 10. – d) im Werfen u. übh. übertreffen, ἐγὼ δέ κε [[σεῖο]] νοήματί γε προβαλοίμην πολλόν, Il. 19, 218, am Verstande mag ich dich wohl übertreffen. – e) beschuldigen, anklagen (vgl. [[προβολή]]), προὐβαλόμην ἀ[[δικεῖν]] τουτονί, Dem. 21, 1. 175, u. öfter; vgl. Xen. Hell. 1, 7, 35; προβληθέντες ἀπέθανον, Pol. 9, 17, 8.