ἐσχάρα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. ἐσχάρη [ᾰ], ἡ, Ep. gen. and dat. <b class="b3">ἐσχαρόφιν</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπ' ἐσχ</b>- <span class="bibl">Od.7.169</span>, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἐπ' ἐσχ- <span class="bibl">5.59</span>, <span class="bibl">19.389</span>):—<b class="b2">hearth, fire-place</b>, like [[ἑστία]], Hom. (esp. in Od.), ἡ μὲν ἐπ' ἐσχάρῃ ἧστο <span class="bibl">Od.6.52</span> ; <b class="b3">ἧσται ἐπ' ἐσχάρῃ ἐν πυρὸς αὐγῇ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">305</span> ; of suppliants, ἕζετ' ἐπ' ἐσχάρῃ ἐν κονίῃσι <span class="bibl">7.153</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">pan of coals, brazier</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>888</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>938</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Poll.10.94</span>, <span class="bibl">95</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">Τρώων πυρὸς ἐσχάραι</b> <b class="b2">watch-fires</b> of the camp, <span class="bibl">Il.10.418</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">sacrificial hearth</b> (hollowed out in the ground and so dist. from <b class="b3">βωμός</b>, structural altar, St.Byz. s.v. [[βωμοί]], Phot.; used esp. in heroworship, <span class="bibl">Neanth.7J.</span>), <span class="bibl">Od.14.420</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1016</span> : but freq. used generally, <b class="b2">altar of burnt-offering</b>, πρὸς ἐσχάραν Φοίβου <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>205</span> ; ἐπ' ἐσχάρᾳ πυρός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>108</span> ; <b class="b3">ἡμένας ἐπ' ἐσχάραις</b> ib.<span class="bibl">806</span> ; Πυθική <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span> 1240</span> ; at Eleusis, <span class="bibl">D.59.116</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Lycurg.<span class="title">Fr.</span>37</span> ; Ἡρακλειδῶν ἐ. <span class="title">IG</span>2.1658 (iv B.C.) ; so <b class="b3">βώμιοι ἐσχάραι</b> structured [[altars]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>274</span> ; sometimes movable, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.3.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Callix.2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>13</span> (iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">fire-stick</b> (bored with the <b class="b3">τρύπανον</b>, q. v.), <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>5.9.7</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ign.</span> 64</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[platform]], [[stand]], [[basis]], <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>92.13</span>, <span class="bibl">Ath.Mech.32.10</span>, Vitr.10.11.9. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[grating]], <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ex.</span>27.4</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> Medic., [[scab]], [[eschar]] on a wound caused by burning or otherwise, τὰς ἐκπτώσιας τῶν ἐ. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.184.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>863a12</span>, Dsc.1.56, Gal.10.315, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> in pl. [[ἐσχάραι]], = [[labia]], [[vaginal lips]], [[τὰ χείλη τῶν γυναικείων αἰδοίων]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span> 1286</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">hearth, house-, sacrificing hearth</b> (Il.), metaph. [[platform]], [[stand]] (Ph. Bel. u. a.), in medicin. language <b class="b2">scab, eschar on a wound by burning</b> (Hp., Arist.).<br />Other forms: Ion. <b class="b3">-ρη</b><br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[ekara]].<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἐσχαρίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> <b class="b2">pan of coals, brazier</b> (Com., Plu.) with <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Delos IIIa), <b class="b3">ἐσχάριον</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ar.), also [[platform]], [[stand]] (Plb.) beside <b class="b3">ἐσχαρεῖον</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Attica); <b class="b3">ἐσχαρ(ε)ών</b> <b class="b2">hearth place</b> (Delos IVa, Theoc.; after the place indications in -(<b class="b3">ε)ών</b>, Chantraine Formation 164); <b class="b3">ἐσχαρεύς</b> <b class="b2">ships cook</b> (Poll.; vgl. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 83); <b class="b3">ἐσχαρίτης</b> (<b class="b3">ἄρτος</b>) [[bread baked over the fire]] (Com., LXX; s. Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 89). <b class="b3">ἐσχάριος</b> [[belonging to the hearth]] (AP). Unclear <b class="b3">ἐσχάρινθον</b> name of a dance in Sparta (Poll.) As medicinal t. term basis of the denomin. <b class="b3">ἐσχαρόομαι</b> <b class="b2">form an ἐσχάρα (eschar)</b> with <b class="b3">ἐσχάρωσις</b>, <b class="b3">-ωμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b>; in the same sphere also <b class="b3">ἐσχαρώδης</b> (Poll., Gal.). - To [[ἔσχαρος]] fish-name s. v.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Formation in <b class="b3">-ρα</b> (like <b class="b3">χώρα</b>, <b class="b3">τέφρα</b>), but without cognate. Prellwitz connected OCS [[iskra]] [[spark]] (with <b class="b3">ἑστία</b>, Solmsen Unt. 218), what Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v. rejects. Other unconvincing attempts in Bq, in W.-Hofmann s. [[cartibulum]] and in Deroy Revue Belge de phil. 26, 529ff. - Furnée 376 points out that <b class="b3">σχάρα</b> (Gloss.) may have lost the first vowel secondarily. As there is no cognate and as an IE protoform can hardly be posited, the word will be Pre-Greek.