ἕζομαι: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">sit (down)</b> (Il.)<br />Other forms: fut. <b class="b3">καθεδοῦμαι</b> (Att.), later <b class="b3">καθεσθήσομαι</b> (LXX), <b class="b3">καθεδήσομαι</b> (D. L.); aor. <b class="b3">καθεσθῆναι</b> (Paus.); - other presents <b class="b3">ἵζω</b>, <b class="b3">ἱζάνω</b> (Schwyzer 700) [[make sit]], [[set]], with <b class="b3">ἵζησα</b>, <b class="b3">ἵζηκα</b> (late.), with prefix <b class="b3">καθ-ίζω</b> (Il.), Ion. <b class="b3">κατ-ίζω</b>, <b class="b3">καθ-ιζάνω</b>, Aeol. <b class="b3">κατ-ισδάνω</b> <b class="b2">set down, sit down</b>, med. <b class="b3">καθ-ίζομαι</b> <b class="b2">sit down</b>, with fut. <b class="b3">καθιῶ</b> (D.), <b class="b3">καθίσω</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">κατίσω</b> (Ion.), <b class="b3">καθιξῶ</b> (Dor.), med. <b class="b3">καθιζήσομαι</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">καθιοῦμαι</b> (LXX), <b class="b3">καθίσομαι</b> (NT., Plu.); aor. <b class="b3">καθίσ(σ)αι</b>, <b class="b3">καθίσ(σ)ασθαι</b> (X., in Hom. wrong for <b class="b3">καθέσ(σ)αι</b>, s. below), <b class="b3">κατίσαι</b> (Hdt., for <b class="b3">κατέσαι</b>), <b class="b3">καθίξαι</b> (Dor.), <b class="b3">καθιζῆσαι</b> (late.); late perf. <b class="b3">κεκάθικα</b>, late aor. ptc. pass. <b class="b3">καθιζηθείς</b>. - Beside these present forms and the aorists there is a sigmatic aorist <b class="b3">εἷσα</b> <b class="b2">I set</b>, inf. <b class="b3">ἕσ(σ)αι</b>, med. <b class="b3">εἱσάμην</b>, <b class="b3">ἕσ(σ)ασθαι</b>, <b class="b3">καθ-εῖσα</b>, <b class="b3">καθ-έσ(σ)αι</b> (thus also in Hom. to be read for <b class="b3">καθίσ(σ)αι</b>; and also <b class="b3">κατέσαι</b> for <b class="b3">κατίσαι</b> in Hdt.); here fut. <b class="b3">καθέσω</b> (Eup.); see Wackernagel Unt. 63ff.<br />Compounds: With terminative prefix (s. Brunel Aspect verbal 83ff., 257ff.) <b class="b3">καθ-έζομαι</b> (Il.) <b class="b2">sit (down)</b> - Often with prefix: <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> etc.; also to <b class="b3">καθέζομαι</b>, <b class="b3">καθίζω</b> which are considered as simplices (s. Schwyzer 656, Schwyzer-Debrunner 429). - <b class="b3">ἕδος</b> s-stem (s. [[εὐρυόδεια]] s.v.). The verbal nouns are largely independent, s. <b class="b3">ἕδρα</b>, [[ἑδώλια]], [[ἑλλά]]; also [[ἔδαφος]] and [[ἔδεθλον]]; <b class="b3">ἕσμα</b> [[stalk]], [[pedicle]] (Arist.) < <b class="b2">*sed-sm-</b>, cf. <b class="b3">ὄζος</b>. Cf. also [[ἱδρύω]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [884] <b class="b2">*sed-</b> <b class="b2">sit down</b><br />Etymology: Both <b class="b3">ἕζομαι</b> and <b class="b3">ἵζω</b> are IE formations, <b class="b3">ἕζομαι</b> a thematic jotpresent <b class="b2">*sed-i̯o-(mai</b>), also found in Germ., e. g. ONo. [[sitia]], OS [[sittian]], OHG [[sizzen]] [[sitzen]], <b class="b3">ἵζω</b> a redupl. <b class="b2">*si-zd-ō</b> (< <b class="b2">*si-sd-ō</b> ) = Lat. [[sīdō]], Umbr. [[sistu]] [[sidito]], Skt. <b class="b2">sī́dati</b> . As the preterite <b class="b3">ἑζόμην</b> in Homer is often an aorist, it is perh. a redupl. aorist <b class="b2">*se-zd-</b> (cf. Av. opt. <b class="b2">ha-zd-yā-t_</b>); it could even be an augmented zero grade <b class="b2">*e-zd-</b> (with secondary aspiration). A present is in Homer only <b class="b3">ἕζεαι</b> (κ 378). Cf. Schwyzer 652 n. 5 and 716 n. 3, Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 336. - The aorist <b class="b3">εἷσα</b>, <b class="b3">ἕσ(σ)αι</b> from IE <b class="b2">*e-sed-s-m̥</b> (with sec. aspiration), <b class="b2">*sed-sai</b> agrees with Skt. subj. <b class="b2">ní</b> ... <b class="b2">ṣát-s-a-t</b> <b class="b2">er möge sich niederlassen</b> (RV 10, 53, 1). - Further, e. g. Lat. [[sedēre]], [[sēdāre]], OCS <b class="b2">sěděti</b>, s. the etym. dict. - As perfect indicating a present to (<b class="b3">καθ-)ἕζομαι</b>, (<b class="b3">καθ-)ἵζω</b> functions <b class="b3">ἧμαι</b>, <b class="b3">κάθ-ημαι</b> (s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 258).