ἀντί: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Prep. governing gen.:—orig. sense, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[over against]]. (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">a/nti</b> 'opposite', 'facing', Lat. [[ante]], etc.) </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> USAGE: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> of Place, [[opposite]], [[over against]], formerly quoted from several places of Hom., as <span class="bibl">Il.21.481</span> <b class="b3">ἀντὶ ἐμεῖο</b> (where now <b class="b3">ἀντί' ἐμεῖο</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">ἀντία</b>) <b class="b3"> Τρώων ἄνθ' ἑκατόν</b> (i.e. <b class="b3">ἄντα</b>) <span class="bibl">8.233</span>; so <b class="b3">ἄντ' Αἴαντος</b> (i.e. <b class="b3">ἄντα</b>) <span class="bibl">15.415</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.4.115</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>727</span>; but <b class="b3">ἀντί</b> is so used in <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.7.6</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>2.835<b class="b2">c-l</b>68; <b class="b3">αἱ ὀπαὶ αἱ γιγνόμεναι ἀ. τόρμων</b> mortises [[facing]] tenons, <span class="bibl">Hero <span class="title">Bel.</span>97.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἀντὶ μαιτύρων</b> [[in the presence of]] witnesses, <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>1.40; ἀντὶ τῆς ὄψεως ἡμῶν <span class="bibl">Eudox.<span class="title">Ars</span>18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of Time, <b class="b3">ἀντὶ νυκτός</b> [[the same]] night, <span class="title">SIG</span>1025.43 (Cos); ἀντὶ ϝέτεος <span class="title">GDI</span>2561 <span class="title">A</span>45 (Delph.); ἀντ' ἐνιαυτοῦ <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).266.8 (Mantinea, i B.C.); <b class="b3">ἀνθ' ἡμέρας· δι' ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρας</b>, Hsch.; cf. [[ἀντετοῦς]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">instead, in the place of</b>, Ἕκτορος ἀντὶ πεφάσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.24.254</span>; ἀντὶ γάμοιο τάφον <span class="bibl">Od.20.307</span>; so later πολέμιος ἀντὶ φίλου καταστῆναι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.87</span>; ἀντὶ ἡμέρης νὺξ ἐγένετο <span class="bibl">Id.7.37</span>; ἀντὶ φωτῶν σποδός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>434</span>; τὸν πόλεμον ἀντ' εἰρήνης μεταλαμβάνειν <span class="bibl">Th.1.120</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.20</span>, <span class="bibl">7.75</span>; βασιλεύειν ἀντί τινος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.1.4</span>; also ἀντὶ ἄρχεσθαι ὑπ' ἄλλων ἄρχειν ἁπάντων <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.210</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">6.32</span>, <span class="bibl">7.170</span> (where the usual constr. would be <b class="b3">ἀντὶ τοῦ ἄρχεσθαι</b>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.7.28</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.2.19</span>, etc.); ὀργίλοι ἀντὶ θυμοειδοῦς γεγένηνται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>411c</span>: sts. used elliptically, <b class="b3">ἦ 'τολμήσατ' ἀντ' ἐμοῦ δοῦναί τινι;</b> i.e. <b class="b3">ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐμοὶ δοῦναι</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>369</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>448</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>58</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in Hom. often to denote equivalence, <b class="b3">ἀντί νυ πολλῶν λαῶν ἐστιν ἀνήρ</b> he is <b class="b2">as good as</b> many men, <span class="bibl">Il.9.116</span>; <b class="b3">ἀντὶ κασιγνήτου ξεῖνος . . τέτυκται</b> a guest is <b class="b2">as much as</b> a brother, <span class="bibl">Od.8.546</span>; <b class="b3">ἀντί τοί εἰμ' ἱκέταο</b> I am [[as]] a suppliant, <span class="bibl">Il.21.75</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.163</span>; so later <b class="b3">τοῦτό σφι ἀντὶ λουτροῦ ἐστί</b> serves [[as]] a bath, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.75</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπάρχειν ἀντὶ τῶν ἔνδον</b> to be <b class="b2">as hostages for .</b>., <span class="bibl">Th.2.5</span>; <b class="b3">δουλεύειν ἀντὶ ἀργυρωνήτων</b> [[just like]] bought slaves, <span class="bibl">D.17.3</span>; ἀντὶ [πλεύμονος] βράγχια <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">PA</span>669a4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> to denote exchange, <b class="b2">at the price of, in return for</b>, σοὶ δὲ θεοὶ τῶνδ' ἀντὶ χάριν . . δοῖεν <span class="bibl">Il.23.650</span>; <b class="b3">νῆσον ἀντὶ χρημάτων παρέλαβον</b> [[for]] money paid, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.59</span>; ἀντ' ἀργυρίου ἀλλάξασθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 371d</span>; ἀμείβειν τι ἀντί τινος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>646</span>,<span class="bibl">651</span>; ἀντὶ ποίας εὐεργεσίας; <span class="bibl">Lys.6.40</span>, etc.; τί δ' ἐστὶν ἀνθ' οὗ . .; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>237</span>; ὄνειδος ἀνθ' ὅτου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>967</span>; <b class="b3">δοίην ἀντ' ἀνιῶν ἀνίας</b> grief [[for]] grief, <span class="bibl">Thgn.344</span>; ἀντ' ἀγαθῶν ἀγαθοῖσι βρύοις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>966</span>:—hence ἀνθ' ὧν [[wherefore]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>31</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>264</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.83</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>12.3</span>; ἀντὶ τούτου [[therefore]], Ep.Eph.5.31; but <b class="b3">ἀνθ' ὧν</b> also for <b class="b3">ἀντὶ τούτων ὄτι .</b>., [[because]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 1068</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>434</span>; ἀντὶ τοῦ; <b class="b2">wherefore? why?</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1021</span>; also ἀνθ' ὧν ὅτι ἦτε . . <b class="b2">instead of being as you were .</b>., <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">De.</span>28.62</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[for the sake of]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>237a</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1110a21</span>; with Verbs of entreaty, like [[πρός]] c. gen., ἀντὶ παίδων ἱκετεύομέν σε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1326</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> to mark comparison, <b class="b3">ἓν ἀνθ' ἑνός</b> one [[set against]] the other, [[compared with]] it, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>331b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>705b</span>; <b class="b3">χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος</b>, i.e. ever-increasing grace, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>1.16</span>; <b class="b2">in preference to</b>, ἀφνεὸν βούλεται ἀντ' ἀγαθοῦ <span class="bibl">Thgn.188</span>; ἀντὶ αὐλοῦ καὶ ἀντὶ κιθάρας ὁ ἦχος ἀκούεται <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span> 71</span>; αἱρεῖσθαί τι ἀντί τινος <span class="bibl">Isoc.9.3</span>, <span class="bibl">D.1.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>9.1</span>: even after Comparatives, πλέον ἀντὶ σοῦ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>577</span>; μείζον' ὅστις ἀντὶ τῆς αὑτοῦ πάτρας φίλον νομίζει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>182</span>; so (esp. after a neg.) ἄλλος ἀντ' ἐμοῦ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>467</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>444</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>653</span>; δόξαν ἀντὶ τοῦ ζῆν ἠγαπηκώς <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Alex.</span>42</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> POSITION: <b class="b3">ἀντί</b> rarely follows its case, as in <span class="bibl">Il.23.650</span>, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>1277</span>, <span class="title">Ig</span>5(1).1119 (Geronthrae, iv B.C.), <span class="title">AP</span>7.715 (Leon.); but the Gramm. hold that it never suffers anastrophe. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">C</span> IN COMPOS. it signifies, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> [[over against]], [[opposite]], as <b class="b3">ἀντιβαίνω, ἀντίπορος</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">against, in opposition to</b>, as <b class="b3">ἀντιλέγω, ἀντίβιος</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">one against another, mutually</b>, as <b class="b3">ἀντιδεξιόομαι</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[in return]], as <b class="b3">ἀντιβοηθέω</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[instead of]], as <b class="b3">ἀντιβασιλεύς, ἀνθύπατος</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> [[equal to]], [[like]], as <b class="b3">ἀντίθεος, ἀντίπαις, ἀντίδουλος</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> [[corresponding]], [[counter]], as <b class="b3">ἀντίφορτος, ἀντίτυπος</b>.</span>