δή: Difference between revisions

|Definition=prop. a temporal Particle (cf. [[ἤδη]]), <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[at this]] or [[that point]]: hence, [[now]], [[then]], [[already]], or [[at length]]: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> in Ep. (rarely Lyr.) sts. at the beginning of a sentence or clause, Τεῦκρε πέπον, δὴ νῶϊν ἀπέκτατο πιστὸς ἑταῖρος <span class="bibl">Il.15.437</span>; δὴ πάμπαν ἀποίχεαι ἀνδρὸς ἑῆος <span class="bibl">19.342</span>; δὴ γὰρ μέγα νεῖκος ὄρωρεν <span class="bibl">13.122</span>; <b class="b3">δὴ τότε, δή ῥα τότε</b>, <span class="bibl">1.476</span>, <span class="bibl">13.719</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>3.25</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>214</span> (lyr.): but usu. second (or nearly so), freq. with Numerals and temporal Particles, ὀκτὼ δὴ προέηκα… ὀϊστούς <span class="bibl">Il. 8.297</span>; <b class="b3">ἐννέα δὴ βεβάασι… ἐνιαυτοί</b> [[full]] nine years, <span class="bibl">2.134</span>; <b class="b3">ἕκτον δὲ δὴ τόδ' ἦμαρ</b> this is [[just]] the sixth day, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>39</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.24.107</span>, etc.: also after Advbs. of Time, <b class="b3">πολλάκι δή</b> many a time [[and oft]], often [[ere now]], <span class="bibl">19.85</span>; ὀψὲ δὲ δή <span class="bibl">7.94</span>; τρὶς δή <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.91</span>; <b class="b3">πάλαι δή</b>, Lat. [[jamdudum]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>806</span>; <b class="b3">νῦν δή</b> [[just]] now, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>923</span> (freq. written <b class="b3">νυνδή</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>145b</span>, etc.); <b class="b3">νῦν τε καὶ ἄλλοτε δή</b> ib.<span class="bibl">187d</span>; now [[at length]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>353a</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τότε δή</b> at that [[very]] time, <span class="bibl">Th.1.49</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα</b> this [[very]] instant, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>338b</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὕστερον δή</b> [[yet]] later, <span class="bibl">Th.2.17</span>: freq. with temporal Conjunctions, <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ δή</b> (written <b class="b3">ἐπειδή</b>, q. v.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> without temporal significance, as a Particle of emphasis, <b class="b2">in fact, of course, certainly</b>, <b class="b3">ναὶ δή, ἦ δή</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.1.286</span>,<span class="bibl">518</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐ δή</b> [[surely]] not, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>246</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1069</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">δῆλα δή</b>, v. [[δῆλος]]; with Verbs, δὴ γὰρ ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσι <span class="bibl">Il.15.488</span>; νῦν δὲ ὁρᾶτε δή <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 3.2.12</span>; καὶ ἴστε δὴ οἷος… <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>21a</span>: less freq. with Substs., <b class="b3">σοφιστὴν δή τοι ὀνομάζουσι τὸν ἄνδρα εἶναι</b> they call the man a sophist [[as you know]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span>311e</span>: with Conjunctions, <b class="b3">ἵνα δή, ὡς δή</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.23.207</span>, <span class="bibl">5.24</span>, etc.; ὅπως δή <span class="bibl">Th.5.85</span>; <b class="b3">γὰρ δή</b> for [[manifestly]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>874</span>,<span class="bibl">891</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>156c</span>; οὐ γὰρ δή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>265</span>: hence with a part. representing Conjunction and Verb, <b class="b3">ἅτε δὴ ἐόντες</b> since they [[evidently]] are, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 8.90</span>; but <b class="b3">ὡς φόνον νίζουσα δή</b> [[as though]] she were... <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1338</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.66</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.4.4</span>, etc.; and so, ironically, ὡς δή <span class="bibl">Il.1.110</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span> 1315</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eq.</span>693</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>342c</span>, al.; freq. with σύ, ὡς δὴ σύ μοι τύραννος Ἀργείων ἔσῃ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1633</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>809</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>235</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">ἵνα δή</b>… <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>420e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Men.</span>86d</span>; ὅτι δή… <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>268d</span>; also <b class="b3">εἰσήγαγε τὰς ἑταιρίδας δή</b> the [[pretended]] courtesans, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.4.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span> 1181</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.67</span>,<span class="bibl">6.80</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> freq. placed immediately after Pronouns, <b class="b3">ἐμὲ δή</b> me [[of all persons]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.155</span>; <b class="b3">σὺ δή</b> you [[of all persons]], <span class="bibl">Id.1.115</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1226</span>; <b class="b3">οὗτος δή</b> this [[and no other]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.43</span>; ὑμεῖς δὲ κεῖνοι δὴ οἵ… <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1091</span>; <b class="b3">οὗτος δὴ ὁ Σωκράτης</b>, ironically, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>166a</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ λεγόμενον δὴ τοῦτο</b> as the <b class="b2">well-known</b> saying goes, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>514e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>962</span>; <b class="b3">δή τις</b> some one [[you know of]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>108c</span>, al.: with possess. Pronouns, τὸ σὸν δὴ τοῦτο <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>221b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>5c8</span>d, etc.: with relatives, ὃς δὴ νῦν κρατέει <span class="bibl">Il.21.315</span>; τὰ δὴ καὶ ἐγένετο <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.22</span>; <b class="b3">οἷος δὴ σύ</b> [[just]] such as thou, <span class="bibl">Il.24.376</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.1.32</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>995</span>, etc.; ὅσα δή <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1</span>, etc.: with Adjs., <b class="b3">οἴη δή, μοῦνος δή</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.12.69</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.25</span>; ἐν πολλῇ δὴ ἀπορίᾳ ἦσαν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.1.2</span>: freq. with Superlatives, μάχη ἐγένετο πλείστου δὴ χρόνου μεγίστη δὴ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν <span class="bibl">Th.5.74</span>; ἁπάντων δὴ ἄλγιστον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>992</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> to mark a transition, with or without inference, [[so]], [[then]], νίκη μὲν δὴ φαίνετ'… <span class="bibl">Il.3.457</span>; τὴν μὲν δὴ τυραννίδα οὕτω ἔσχον <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.14</span>; τοῦτο δὴ τὸ ἄγος οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ἐκέλευον ἐλαύνειν <span class="bibl">Th.1.127</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> with Indef. Particles, v. [[δήποθεν, δήποτε, δήπω, δήπουθεν]]: with interrogatives, τοῦ δὴ ἕνεκα; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>457e</span>; τί δὲ δή…; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>58c</span> (simply <b class="b3">τί δή;</b> what <b class="b2">then? R</b>.<span class="bibl">357d</span>); πότερα δή; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1235</span> (and with Advbs., ποῖ δὴ καὶ πόθεν; Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>init.; <b class="b3">ποῦ δή; πῇ δή;</b> ib.<span class="bibl">228e</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.339</span>, etc.): with Indef. Pronouns, <b class="b3">δή</b> strengthens the indef. notion, <b class="b3">ἄλλοισιν δὴ ταῦτ' ἐπιτέλλεο</b> others [[be they who they may]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.295</span>; <b class="b3">μηδεὶς δή</b> no one [[at all]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>170e</span>; <b class="b3">δή τις</b> some one [[or other]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>498a</span> (pl.), etc. (rarely τις δή <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>946</span>); the neut. <b class="b3">δή τι</b> is common, <b class="b3">ἦ ἄρα δή τι ἐΐσκομεν ἄξιον εἶναι;</b> in any way, [[whatever it be]], <span class="bibl">Il.13.446</span>; τὸ ἱππικόν, τῷ δή τι καὶ ἐπεῖχε ἐλλάμψεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.80</span>; οὕτω δή τι <span class="bibl">Id.3.108</span>, etc.; θεῶν ὅτεῳ δή [[whosoever it be]], <span class="bibl">Id.1.86</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ μισθῷ ὅσῳ δή</b>, Lat. [[quantocumque]], ib. <span class="bibl">160</span>, etc.; οἵα δή γε… <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>632</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>162</span>; but θαυμαστὰ δὴ ὅσα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>220b</span>; ὡς δή <span class="bibl">Il.5.24</span>, etc.; so almost, = [[ἤδη, ἀναπέτομαι δὴ πρὸς Ὄλυμπον]] <span class="bibl">Anacr.24</span>; καὶ δὴ φίλον τις ἔκταν' ἀγνοίας ὕπο <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Supp.</span>499</span>; ἤκουσα δή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>823</span>; πάθη μὲν οὖν δὴ πόλλ' ἔγωγ' ἐκλαυσάμην <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>153</span>; <b class="b3">οἶσθα μὲν δή</b> ib.<span class="bibl">627</span>; so <b class="b3">καὶ δή</b> [[already]], [[in fact]], freq. not at the beginning of the sentence, κεῖται καὶ δὴ πάνθ' ἅπερ εἶπας <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>514</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>906</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.5.83</span>; but καὶ δή σφε λείπω <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>507</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> to continue a narrative, freq. after <b class="b3">μέν</b>, [[then]], [[so]], τότε μὲν δὴ… ἡσυχίην εἶχε <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.11</span>; <b class="b3">Σόλων μὲν δὴ ἔνεμε</b> ib. <span class="bibl">32</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν μὲν δὴ πέμπει</b> ib.<span class="bibl">116</span>; alone, <b class="b3">εἷς δὴ τούτων .</b>. &lt;*&gt; one of these... ib.<span class="bibl">114</span>, etc.: freq. in summing up, <b class="b3">τοιαῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα</b>, Lat. [[haec hactenus]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>500</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.14</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.4</span>; τούτων δὴ ἕνεκα <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.2.28</span>, etc.; in summing up numbers, <b class="b3">γίγνονται δὴ οὗτοι χίλιοι</b> these [[then]] amount to <span class="bibl">1</span>,<span class="bibl">000</span>, ib.<span class="bibl">1.5.5</span>; in resuming after a parenthesis, Ἀνδρομάχη, θυγάτηρ μεγαλήτορος Ἠετίωνος... τοῦ περ δὴ θυγάτηρ <span class="bibl">Il.6.395</span>; οὗτος δὴ... ὁ μὲν δή <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.43</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> with imper. and subj., μὴ δὴ… ἐπιέλπεο <span class="bibl">Il.1.545</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.684</span>, etc.; χωρῶμεν δὴ πάντες <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1469</span>; <b class="b3">ἐννοεῖτε γὰρ δή</b> for do [[but]] consider, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.3.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἄγε δή, φέρε δή, ἴθι δή, σκόπει δή, λέγε δή</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>235a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span> 63b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sph.</span>224c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>80a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prt.</span>312c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> to express what follows [[a fortiori]], <b class="b3">καὶ μετὰ ὅπλων γε δή</b> [[above all]] with arms, <span class="bibl">Th.4.78</span>; <b class="b3">μή τί γε δή</b> not to mention, <span class="bibl">D.2.23</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ δὲ δὴ πόλεμος ἥξει</b> Id. <span class="bibl">1.27</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">καὶ δή</b> and [[what is more]], adding an emphatic statement, <span class="bibl">Il.1.161</span>, <span class="bibl">15.251</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.67</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.13.4</span>; in Prose, freq. καὶ δὴ καί... ἐς Αἴγυπτον ἀπίκετο... καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐς Σάρδις <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.30</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">καὶ δὴ καὶ νῦν τί φῄς;</b> and [[now]] what do you say? <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>187c</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ δὴ μὲν οὖν παρόντα</b> yes, and [[actually]] here present, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>31</span>; esp. in a series, <b class="b3">ὑγίεια καὶ ἰσχὺς καὶ κάλλος καὶ πλοῦτος δή</b> and [[of course]] riches, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>87e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>159c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>367d</span>; <b class="b3">εἴτ'… εἴτ'… εἴτεδή</b> ib.<span class="bibl">493d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">καὶ δή</b> is also used in answers, <b class="b3">ἦ καὶ παρέστη κἀπὶ τέρμ' ἀφίκετο;</b> Answ. <b class="b3">καὶ δὴ 'πὶ δισσαῖς ἦν… πύλαις</b> [[yes]], he was [[even]] so far as... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>49</span>; <b class="b3">βλέψον κάτω</b>. Answ. <b class="b3">καὶ δὴ βλέπω</b> [[well]], I am looking, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Av.</span>175</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>327</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>227</span> sq., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>317</span> sq., <span class="bibl">1436</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πρόσθιγέ νύν μου</b>. Answ. ψαύω καὶ δή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>173</span>; without <b class="b3">καί, ἀποκρίνου περὶ ὧν ἂν ἐρωτῶ</b>. Answ. ἐρώτα δή <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>157d</span>; <b class="b3">ἐρώτα</b>. Answ. ἐρωτῶ δή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>448b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> in assumptions or suppositions, <b class="b3">καὶ δὴ δέδεγμαι</b> and [[now suppose]] I have accepted, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>894</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>565</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>386</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hel.</span> 1059</span>, not found in S., once in <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1224</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">δή</b> in apodosi, after <b class="b3">εἰ</b> or <b class="b3">ἐάν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.5.898</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.108</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>524e</span>, etc.; after <b class="b3">ὅτε, ἡνίκα</b>, [[even then]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>170</span> sq., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>954</span>; after <b class="b3">ἐπεί, ἐπειδάν</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.14</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Cra.</span>435e</span>, etc.; after <b class="b3">ὡς</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.2.4</span>; ἐν ᾧ δὲ ταῦτα ἐβουλεύοντο, καὶ δὴ ὁ βασιλεύς… [[already]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>1.10.10</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: interj.<br />Meaning: [[even]], [[indeed]], [[right]], emphasizing particle (Il.), like <b class="b3">δέ</b> mostly in the second position of the sentence; also in more or less fest connections like <b class="b3">ἤ-δη</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπει-δή</b>, <b class="b3">δῆ-θεν</b>, <b class="b3">δῆτα</b> etc.; see Schwyzer-Debrunner 562f.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [181] <b class="b2">*de</b> demonstr. pronoun<br />Etymology: Perhaps a case form (instrumental?) of a demonstrative; it would be identical with Lat. [[dē]], OIr. [[dī]] [[away from]]. See W.-Hofmann s. [[dē]]. - From <b class="b3">δή</b> through weakening <b class="b3">δέ</b>. S. also [[δαί]]. - Pisani (Glotta 44, 1967, 134) connects Myc. <b class="b2">eke-qe</b> as <b class="b2">-qʷe</b> = <b class="b3">δη</b>.