σκάλλω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to hack, to scrape</b> (Hdt., Arist., Thphr., LXX).<br />Other forms: only pres. a. ipf. (aor. ipv. <b class="b3">περίσκαλον</b> Gp.; correct?)<br />Compounds: Rarely w. <b class="b3">δια-</b> a. o. (partly controversial).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σκαλ-ίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. [[hack]] (Att. onscr. IVa, Str., J.) with <b class="b3">-ιδεύω</b> [[to hack]] (gloss.); 2. <b class="b3">-σις</b> f. [[the hacking]] (Thphr.); 3. <b class="b3">-μός</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (pap. IIIp; on <b class="b3">σκαλμός</b> [[thole]] s. v.); 4. <b class="b3">-ηνός</b> (<b class="b3">-ηνής</b>) [[craggy]], [[rough]], [[uneven]]; of numbers [[odd]], of triangles [[scalene]], of cones [[slant]] (s. Mugler Dict. géom. 377; Democr. ap. Thphr., Hp., Pl., Arist. etc.; on the formation cf. <b class="b3">γαληνός</b>; s. also <b class="b3">σκολιός</b>) with <b class="b3">-ηνία</b>, <b class="b3">-ηνόομαι</b> (Plu.); 5. <b class="b3">ἄ-σκαλος</b> [[unhacked]] (Theoc.; prob. metri c. for <b class="b3">ἀσκάλευτος</b>). Secondary verbs: 1. <b class="b3">σκαλ-εύω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">σκαλεῦσαι</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b> a. o. <b class="b2">to hack, to scrape, to stir up</b> (Hp., Ar., Arist. etc.) with several derivv.: <b class="b3">σκαλ-εύς</b> m. [[hack]] (X., Poll.; not with Bosshardt 54 from <b class="b3">*σκαλή</b>), <b class="b3">-ευσις</b> f. [[the scraping]] (Aq.), <b class="b3">-ευμα</b> n. [[scrapings]] (sch., H.), <b class="b3">-ευθρον</b> n. [[poker]] (Poll.; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 210), <b class="b3">-εία</b> f. [[the hacking]] (Gp. tit.). 2. <b class="b3">σκαλ-ίζω</b> (<b class="b3">ἀ-</b> σκάλλω) <b class="b2">id.</b> (Phryn.) with <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> m. [[the hacking]] (pap., Eun.), <b class="b3">-ιστή-ριον</b> n. [[hack]] (sch.). - On [[σκαλίας]] s.v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [923f.] <b class="b2">*skel(H)-</b> [[cut]], [[split]]<br />Etymology: As zero grade yot-present <b class="b3">σκάλλω</b> can be formally identified with Lith. <b class="b2">skiliù</b>, inf. <b class="b2">skìlti</b> [[strike fire]]: IE <b class="b2">*skl̥-i̯ō</b> [but the accent shows that the root is disyllabic; s. bel.]. Semantically closer are the innovated nasalpresents <b class="b2">skįlù</b> (<b class="b2">skylù</b>) <b class="b2">split off, get a tear</b> and the full grade <b class="b2">skeliù</b>, <b class="b2">skélti</b> [[split]], also <b class="b2">strike fire (ùgnį) (from a stone)</b>, the last of which is also found in Germ., e.g. ONord. [[skilja]] [[separate]], [[distinguish]]. Diff. again MLG [[schelen]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (PGm. <b class="b2">*skelōn</b>; type Lat. [[secāre]]), Arm. <b class="b2">c'elum</b> [[split]] (<b class="b2">u-</b>pesent; anlaut unclear), Hitt. <b class="b2">iškallāi-</b> [[split]], [[tear apart]] (formation uncertain; s. Kronasser Etymologie $ 200 f., 214). -- The Greek derivv. go all back on ungeminated <b class="b3">σκαλ-</b>, which must not be old, but may have originated after <b class="b3">σφαλ-</b> (: <b class="b3">σφάλλω</b>), <b class="b3">θαλ-</b> (:<b class="b3">θ άλλω</b>) etc. Sophie Minon (RPh. LXXIV 282) reconstructs <b class="b2">*skl̥h₁-ye\/o-</b>, assuming that the laryngeal disappeared in this position, after Pinault 1982, 265-272; cf. LIV 500. On [[σκαλαθύρω]] s.v. -- To the same formal system, but independent of <b class="b3">σκάλλω</b>, belong also [[σκαλμός]] [[thole]], [[σκῶλος]], [[σκόλοψ]] etc.; s. vv. A clear separation from the semant. cognate <b class="b3">κολάπτω</b>, <b class="b3">κόλος</b>, <b class="b3">κλάω</b>, <b class="b3">κελεός</b> etc. cannot be achieved; [not here [[σκύλλω]]]. -- The non-Greek formations are innumerable; on this WP. 2, 590ff., Pok. 923ff. w. rich lit.