νέω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=1<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[swim]] (Il.), ipf. <b class="b3">ἔ-ννεον</b> (Φ 11), aor. <b class="b3">νεῦσαι</b>, perf. <b class="b3">νένευκα</b> (Att.), fut. <b class="b3">νεύσομαι</b> (H.), <b class="b3">-σοῦμαι</b> (v. l. X. An. 4, 3, 12).<br />Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">νεῦσις</b> f. [[schwimming]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">ἀνάνευ-σις</b> prop. "swimming up(ward)", <b class="b2">coming up, the living up</b> (LXX). -- Besides <b class="b3">νήχω</b>, usu. <b class="b3">-ομαι</b> (on the variation of diathesis Schwyzer-Debrunner 232), Dor. (Ps.-Theoc.) <b class="b3">νάχω</b>, <b class="b3">-ομαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">νήξομαι</b> (ep. poet. Od.), aor. <b class="b3">νήξασθαι</b> (Plb., Lyc., AP), perf. midd. <b class="b3">νενῆχθαι</b> (Ath.), very often w. prefix (mostly midd.), e.g. <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, [[swim]]. From this <b class="b3">νῆξις</b> f. <b class="b2"> swimming</b> (Batr., Plu., medic.), <b class="b3">διάνηξ-ις</b> [[swimming through]] (Herm. ap. Stob.), <b class="b3">νηχαλέος</b> [[swimming]] (Xenocr.), after <b class="b3">μυδαλέος</b> a.o.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [971] <b class="b2">*sneh₂-</b> [[swim]]<br />Etymology: The present <b class="b3">νή-χ-ω</b>, <b class="b3">νά-χ-ω</b>, from which <b class="b3">νήξομαι</b> etc., has a velar enlargement of IE <b class="b2">snā-</b> in Skt. <b class="b2">snā́-ti</b> [[bathes]], Lat. <b class="b2">nā-re</b> [[swim]], OIr. [[snāim]] [[swim]], [[creep]]; cf. <b class="b3">σμῆ-ν</b> : <b class="b3">σμή-χ-ω</b> etc. (Schwyzer 702; hypotheses on the aspect by Chantraine BSL 33, 81 ff., Gramm. hom. 1, 331.). The in vocalism deviating <b class="b3">νέω</b>, <b class="b3">νεῦσαι</b> agrees with <b class="b3">πλέω</b> : <b class="b3">πλεῦσαι</b> and can be a rhime-formation; verbal nouns with <b class="b2">o-</b>ablaut are supposed in <b class="b3">νόα</b> (rather with Bechtel Dial. 2, 378, Wackernagel Phil. 95, 178 = Kl. Schr. 2, 877 <b class="b3">νοά</b>) <b class="b3">πηγή</b>. <b class="b3">Λάκωνες</b> H. and in <b class="b3">Νοῦς ποταμός</b> (Arcadia, Asia Minor; cf. Schwyzer 310), a zero grade aorist in <b class="b3">ἔννυθεν ἐκέχυντο</b> H. (tradition correct?). Beside <b class="b3">νήχω</b>, <b class="b3">νέω</b> there is <b class="b3">νάω</b> [[bubble up]], [[stream]] (s.v.). -- More hypotheses on IE <b class="b2">snā-</b>, <b class="b2">snāu-</b>, <b class="b2">sneu-</b> etc. (after Brugmann IF 20, 221 ff.) in WP. 2, 692ff., Pok. 971 ff., W.-Hofmann s. [[nō]]; also w. rich lit. Cf. <b class="b3">νῆσος</b> and <b class="b3">νότος</b>.<br />2<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[spin]].<br />Other forms: 3. sg. <b class="b3">νῃ̃</b> (<b class="b3">νῆ</b>, <b class="b3">νεῖ</b>; Hes. Op. 777), 3. pl. <b class="b3">νῶσι</b> (Ael., Poll.), ipf. <b class="b3">ἔννη</b> (Aeol.; Hdn., EM), inf. <b class="b3">νῆν</b>, ptc. <b class="b3">νῶντα</b> (H.), <b class="b3">νώμενος</b> (Poll.); besides <b class="b3">νήθω</b> (Cratin., Pl., LXX); aor. <b class="b3">νῆσαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ασθαι</b> (since η 198); <b class="b3">νῶσαι</b> (Eup. 319; ptc.pl. f.?; Meineke <b class="b3">νῆσαι</b>), pass. <b class="b3">νηθῆναι</b> and fut. <b class="b3">νήσω</b> (Att.), perf. midd. <b class="b3">νένησμαι</b> (late).<br />Compounds: Rarely w. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">νῆμα</b> n. [[tectile fabric]], [[thread]] (Od.) with <b class="b3">νηματ-ικός</b> [[consisting of threads]] (Ath. Mech.), <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[fibrous]] (Plu.); <b class="b3">νῆσις</b> f. [[spinning]] (Pl.); <b class="b3">νῆτρον</b> n. [[distaff]] (Suid.); <b class="b3">νήθουσα</b> f. plantname s.s.v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [973] <b class="b2">*sneh₁-</b> [[spin]]<br />Etymology: On the dental enlargement in <b class="b3">νή-θω</b> cf. <b class="b3">κνή-θω</b> (: <b class="b3">κνῆ-ν</b>), <b class="b3">πλή-θω</b> (: <b class="b3">πλῆ-το</b>) a.o. (Schwyzer 703). -- From <b class="b3">ἔ-ννη</b> and <b class="b3">ἐΰ-ννητος</b> [[well spun]] (Hom.) appears an orig. <b class="b2">sn-</b>, which is also seen in MIr. [[snīid]] [[spinns]], [[restores]] and perh. in Lat. <b class="b2">nē-re</b> [[spin]]; an <b class="b2">s-</b>less form is however ascertained a.o. by German., e.g. OHG <b class="b2">nā-en</b> [[sew]]. Monosyllabic <b class="b3">νῃ̃</b> can stand for <b class="b3">*σνηι-ει</b> and can be compared directly with Skt. <b class="b2">snāy-ati</b> [[winds around]], [[clothes]] and with Lat. [[neō]] < <b class="b2">*snēi-ō</b> (on the stem s. below). Like <b class="b3">ἔ-ννη</b> from <b class="b2">*e-snē</b> can <b class="b3">νῆ</b> also be athematic (Schwyzer 675). But <b class="b3">νῶσι</b>, <b class="b3">νῶντα</b>, <b class="b3">νώμενος</b> are rather thematic from <b class="b3">*νη-ουσι</b>, <b class="b3">*νή-οντα</b>, <b class="b3">*νη-όμενος</b> than with old <b class="b2">ō-</b>ablaut, which however occurs frequently outside Greek, e.g. in Latv. [[snāju]], [[snāt]] <b class="b2">wind together loosely, e.g. spinning</b> and in several nouns like OIr. [[snāthe]] [[thread]], OGutn. [[snōÞ]] [[cord]] = OE [[snōd]] [[headband]] (OHG [[snuor]] [[Schnur]] is polyinterpret.). Beside IE <b class="b2">snē-</b> : <b class="b2">snō-</b> there are, esp. in Balto-Slav., forms with <b class="b2">ī-</b>vowel, e.g. Russ. [[nitь]] [[thread]]; for <b class="b3">νῃ̃</b> < <b class="b3">*σνηι-ει</b>, [[snāyati]] (beside <b class="b2">snāy-u-</b> [[band]], [[sinew]]), Lat. [[neō]], remains beside the explanation as yotpresent also an old longdiphthong to be sonsidered [improbable]. -- With <b class="b3">νῆμα</b> agrees Lat. [[nēmen]] n. [[phantom]], which is however a young formation; OCS [[snopь]] [[sheaf]], [[band]], compared by Specht KZ 68, 123 is far away. Also the genetically identical <b class="b3">νῆσις</b> and OHG [[nāt]] [[Naht]] are rather parallel innovations. -- WP. 2, 694f., Pok. 973, W.-Hofmann s. [[neō]], Vasmer s. <b class="b2">nítь</b>, Fraenkel Wb. s. <b class="b2">nýtis</b>; everywhere further forms and rich literature.<br />3<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">heap (up), load w. sthing</b>.<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">νῆσαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ασθαι</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">νένη(σ)μαι</b>, also with <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> a.o. (IA.), aor. pass. <b class="b3">νησθῆναι</b> (Arr.), fut. <b class="b3">νήσω</b> (Suid.), <b class="b3">νησόμεθα κορεσθησόμεθα</b> H.; ipf. also <b class="b3">νήει</b>, <b class="b3">νήεον</b>, aor. <b class="b3">νηῆσαι</b> (ep. Il.; <b class="b3">ναήσατο</b> B. 3, 33), besides <b class="b3">νήνεον</b> (only v. l. Ψ 139), <b class="b3">ἐπ-</b>, <b class="b3">παρ-ενήνεον</b> (Hom.).<br />Compounds: Presentstem only with <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b> (Hdt.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">νήησις</b> f. [[heaping up]] (sch. A. R. 1, 403).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Hom. <b class="b3">-ενήνεον</b> may have a lengthened grade intensive reduplication [but <b class="b3">δη-δέχ-αται</b> does not exist] (Brugmann-Thumb 304); by Brugmann Grundr.2 II : 3, 27 strongly doubted with agreement of Schwyzer 648 n. 3, who assumes a mistake for <b class="b3">-ενήεον</b>. The pres. <b class="b3">νηέω</b>, supposed on the basis of <b class="b3">νήει</b>, <b class="b3">νήεον</b>, can like other presents in <b class="b3">-έω</b> have started from the mon-present stem in <b class="b3">η</b> in <b class="b3">νηῆσαι</b> (cf. Schwyzer 721), thus <b class="b3">-νέω</b> from <b class="b3">νῆσαι</b> (the last shortened from <b class="b3">νηῆσαι</b> [LSJ, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 348]?; "improbable" Schwyzer l.c.); the forms remain anyhow unclear. Also <b class="b3">νῶντος σωρεύοντος</b> (Phot.) can be explained in diff. ways. -- No etymology.