πόλεμος: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[battle]], [[war]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: ep. also <b class="b3">πτόλεμος</b>.<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[euru-potoremojo]] \/<b class="b3">Ευρυ-πτολεμοιο</b>\/.<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">πολέμ-αρχος</b> m. "warlord", name of an official (IA., Dor.), <b class="b3">φιλο-π(τ)όλεμος</b> <b class="b2">friend of battles, warlike</b> (Il.).<br />Derivatives: A. Several adj.: 1. <b class="b3">πολέμ-ιος</b> [[militant]], [[hostile]], also subst. [[enemy]] (Pi., IA.); 2. <b class="b3">-ήϊος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to battle, war</b> (ep. Il.); metr. condit., prob. after <b class="b3">Ἀρήϊος</b> (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 134 w. lit.); 3. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to war, militant, hostile</b> (Hdt. 3, 4 as v. l., Att.; Chantraine Études 123 etc.); 4. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Olymp. in Grg.). B. Verbs: 1. <b class="b3">πολεμ-έω</b>, often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b2">to battle, to fight a war</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ήτωρ</b> (Antioch. Astr.), <b class="b3">-ητής</b> (Gytheion IIIp) m. [[fighter]], [[warrior]], <b class="b3">-ητήριον</b> n. <b class="b2">military base, operation base, headquarters</b> (Plb.); <b class="b3">διαπολέμ-ησις</b> f. [[ending of the war]] (Th.). 2. <b class="b3">πολεμ-ίζω</b> (<b class="b3">πτολ-</b>) [[to fight]] (ep. Il.; metr. for <b class="b3">-έω</b>, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 95) with <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> m. [[fighter]], [[warrior]] (ep. Il.), f. <b class="b3">-ίστρια</b> (Heraclit. Ep.), <b class="b3">-ιστρίς</b> (Tz.), <b class="b3">-ιστήριος</b> [[belonging to warriors]] (IA.). 3. <b class="b3">πολεμ-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> a.o., [[to become enemies]] (Hdt., Th., X.) with <b class="b3">ἐκπολέμ-ωσις</b> f. [[the becoming enemies]] (Plu.). 4. Desid. <b class="b3">πολεμ-ησείω</b> [[to wish for war]] (Th., D. C.). -- PN, e.g. <b class="b3">Πολέμων</b>, from where the plantname <b class="b3">πολεμώνιον</b> (Dsc.), s. Strömberg Pfl. 135; <b class="b3">Πτολεμαῖος</b>.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Orig. meaning [[battle]] (beside <b class="b3">μάχομαι</b> [[fight]]), from which (already in Homer) [[continuing conflict]], [[war]] (beside <b class="b3">μάχη</b> [[fight]]); on this and on other synonyms Trümpy Fachausdr. 122 ff., Porzig Satzinhalte 78 f. On the variation of initial <b class="b3">πτ-</b> : <b class="b3">π-</b> s. Schwyzer 325 w. lit., also Trümpy 131 ff., Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 75f., Merlingen <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 2, 55 f. (cf. also on [[πόλις]]); it certainly goes back on a Pre-Greek phenomenon. -- Formally connection is recommended with <b class="b3">πελεμίζω</b> [[shake]], [[tremble]] (Curtius 268 w. older lit.); attempt for a factual argumentation in Kretschmer Glotta 12, 54 ff. (<b class="b3">πόλεμος</b> prop. [[exertion]], [[labour]] from <b class="b3">πελεμίζω</b> <b class="b2">to exert oneself, take trouble[ ?]</b>; serious objections by Trümpy l.c.); <b class="b3">πόλεμος</b> orig. from throwing the lance? Both the noun to be assumed for <b class="b3">πελεμίζω</b> and <b class="b3">πόλεμος</b> contain a primary <b class="b3">μ-</b>suffix and go back on a verbal form cognate with <b class="b3">πάλλω</b>. [An idea for which I see no arguments.] -- More on the notion <b class="b3">πόλεμος</b> in D. Loenen Polemos. Een studie over oorlog in de griekse oudheid (MAc.Wet.Neth. N. R. 16:3; Amsterdam 1953). -- Pre-Greek origin, then, is obvious (Furnée 317).