χρεία: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(written χρέα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>25.2</span>,<span class="bibl">148</span> (iii B. C.)), Ion. χρείη Call. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>11.1216.43</span>, ἡ: (χράομαι, κέχρημαι):—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[need]], [[want]], χρείας ὕπο <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>287</span>; <b class="b3">ἵν' ἕσταμεν χρείας</b> considering in what great [[need]] we are, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1443</span>; <b class="b3">χρείᾳ πολεμεῖν</b> to war with [[necessity]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span> 191</span> (anap.): c. gen., [[want of]]... φαρμάκων χρείᾳ κατεσκέλλοντο <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 481</span>; ἐν χρείᾳ τύχης <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>506</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν χρείᾳ δορός</b> in the [[need]] or [[stress]] of war, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>963</span>; φορβῆς χρείᾳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>162</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">1004</span>: <b class="b3">ἵππων ἡμῖν χρεία μὲν οὔτε τις πολλῶν οὔτε πολλή [ἐστιν</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>834b</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ μὴν ἔτ' ἐμοῦ χρείαν ἕξει</b> will have [[need]] of my help, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>170</span> (anap.), cf. Call.l.c.; <b class="b3">ἀφίκοντο εἰς χρείαν τῆς πόλεως</b> came to feel [[the need]] of its assistance, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>244d</span>; <b class="b3">ἰατρῶν ἐν χρείαις ἐσόμεθα, ἐν χρείᾳ ἡγεμόνος εἶναι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>373d</span>, <span class="bibl">566e</span>; ὅτου σε χ. ἔχει <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>646</span>; so <b class="b3">τίς χ. σ' ἐμοῦ [ἔχει</b>]; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>976</span>, cf. χρεώ <span class="bibl">1.2</span>: <b class="b3">χρείαν ἔχω</b>, c. inf., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>3.14</span> (folld. by (ίνα, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>2.25</span>); signfs.<span class="bibl">1.1</span> and <span class="bibl">111</span> in the same sentence, <b class="b3">οὐχ οὕτως χ. ἔχομεν τῆς χ. παρὰ τῶν φίλων ὡς</b> . . <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Sent.Vat.</span>34</span>: prov., <b class="b3">χ. διδάσκει, κἂν βραδύς τις ᾖ, σοφόν</b> '[[necessity]] is the mother of invention', <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>715</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>376</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.263</span>: pl., αἱ χρεῖαι τολμᾶν βιάζονται <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.2.1</span>; αἱ τοῦ σώματος χ. <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>3.12.5</span>; πρώτη γε καὶ μεγίστη τῶν χ. ἡ τῆς τροφῆς παρασκευή <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>369d</span>; αἱ ἀναγκαῖαι χ. <span class="bibl">D.23.148</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">45.67</span> (sg.); πολεμικαὶ χ. <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Pol.</span>1328b11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[want]], [[poverty]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>175</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>420</span>, etc.; διὰ τὴν χ. καὶ τὴν πενίαν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>534</span> (anap.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[a request of necessity]], opp. <b class="b3">ἀξίωσις</b> (a claim of merit), <span class="bibl">Th.1.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">33</span>: generally, [[request]], τὴν πρίν γε χ. ἠνύσασθ' ἐμοῦ πάρα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>700</span>; <b class="b3">κἀγὼ . . τοιάνδε σου χ. ἔχω</b> make such [[a request]] of or to thee, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>481</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[business]], <b class="b3">ὡς πρὸς τί χρείας;</b> for what <b class="b2">purpose?</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1174</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1435</span>; χρῆσθαί τινι χρείαν ἣν ἂν ἐθέλωσι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>868b</span>; δοῦναι ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν χ. <span class="bibl">Plb.8.16.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> esp. [[military]] or [[naval service]], <b class="b3">ἡ πολεμικὴ χ. καὶ ἡ εἰρηνική</b> the [[employments]] of war and of peace, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1254b32</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ κατὰ θάλατταν [χ.], ἡ ἐν τῇ γῇ χ</b>., <span class="bibl">Plb.6.52.1</span>, <span class="bibl">31.21.3</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν χ</b>. Aristeas <span class="bibl">110</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ma.</span>12.45</span>; οἱ πρὸς ταῖς χ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ju.</span>12.10</span>; οἱ ἐπὶ χρειῶν τεταγμένοι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>543.1</span> (i B. C.); in military sense, [[action]], [[engagement]], αἱ κατὰ μέρος χ. <span class="bibl">Plb.1.84.7</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> generally, [[business]], [[employment]], [[function]], <span class="bibl">Id.3.45.2</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἡ ἐγκεχειρισμένη χ</b>. the [[duty]] assigned, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>741.11</span> (ii B. C.); οὓς καταστήσομεν ἐπὶ τῆς χ. ταύτης <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>6.3</span>; χ. πολιτικαί <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Mar.</span> 32</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> [[a business]], [[affair]], [[matter]], like [[χρέος]], <span class="bibl">Plb.2.49.9</span>, al.; <b class="b3">τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων χ</b>. the [[study]] of these things, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.29U.</span> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">e</span> <b class="b3">χ. ἀναγκαία</b> [[need]] of nature, <span class="bibl">D.S.4.33</span>; τροφῆς χ. <span class="bibl">Ph.2.472</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[use]], </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> as a property, [[use]], [[advantage]], [[service]], χρείης εἵνεκα μηδεμιῆς <span class="bibl">Thgn.62</span>; τῆς χ. τοῦ παιδὸς ἀποστερηθῆναι <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.3.4</span>; ἡ χ. τῆς ῥητορικῆς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>480a</span>; πωλοῦντες τὴν τῆς ἰσχύος χ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>371e</span>; <b class="b3">χρείαν ἔχειν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις</b> to be [[of service]] to mankind, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span>204c</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ οὐδὲν εἰς χρείαν</b> things of no [[use]] or [[service]], <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Prooem.</span> 56.3</span>; <b class="b3">χρείαν ἔχει εἴς τι</b> is of [[service]] towards... <span class="bibl">Sosip.1.41</span>; for <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 725</span>, v. [[ἐρευνάω]] <span class="bibl">1</span>: pl., <b class="b3">χρεῖαι . . φίλων ἀνδρῶν</b> [[services rendered]] by them, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>8.42</span>; <b class="b3">χρείας παρέχεσθαι</b> render [[services]], Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">D.18.84</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.654.15, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.1.16.8</span> (sg.); <b class="b3">ἵνα σοι τὰς χ. παρέσχωμαι</b> (sic) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>498</span> (iii B. C.); μεγάλην παρεῖχε χ. τοῖς κοινοῖς πράγμασιν <span class="bibl">Plb.3.97.4</span>; <b class="b3">παρέχειν χ</b>. to be [[serviceable]], [[useful]], Aristo Stoic.1.79; ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριακόσια χρειῶν γένη παρέχον δένδρον Plu.2.724e; χ. ναυτικαί [[equipments]], <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>2.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> as an action, [[using]], [[use]], κτῆσις καὶ χ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.4.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>451c</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν χρείᾳ εἶναι</b> in [[use]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>87c</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ τὴν χ</b>. for [[use]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>330c</span>; πρὸς τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην χ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.2.25</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ χ. τῶν λόγων</b> the [[employment]] of words, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span> 239d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>272d</span>: pl., <b class="b3">λάμπει γὰρ ἐν χρείαισιν ὥσπερ . . χαλκός</b> is made bright by [[constant use]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>864</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> of persons, [[familiarity]], [[intimacy]], τινος [[with]] one, <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.63</span>: generally, [[any relation of business]] or [[intercourse]], ἐν χρείᾳ τινὶ τῇ πρὸς ἀλλήλους <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>372a</span>; ἡ πρὸς ἀλλήλους χ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1376b13</span>; [Νικόμαχος] συνεβίω Ἀμυντᾳ . . ἰατροῦ καὶ φίλου χρείᾳ <b class="b2">in the relationship, capacity</b>, <span class="bibl">D.L.5.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> Rhet., [[pregnant sentence]], [[maxim]], freq. illustrated by an anecdote, Sen.<span class="title">Ep.</span>33.7, <span class="bibl">Hermog.<span class="title">Prog.</span>3</span>, Aphthon,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prog.</span>3</span>, <span class="bibl">Theon <span class="title">Prog.</span>5</span>, etc.: pl., title of works by Zeno (<span class="bibl">D.L.6.91</span>), Aristipp., etc.; by Macho, a collection of sayings of courtesans, <span class="bibl">Ath.13.577d</span>; ἡ τοῦ Κλεομένους χ. Plu.2.218a; <b class="b3">χρεῖαι καὶ ἱστορίαι</b> ib.78f.</span>