ὀσφραίνομαι: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[to smell]], [[to sniff]]; rare a. late caus. <b class="b3">ὀσφραίνω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἀπ-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">παρ-</b> a.o., <b class="b2">to give to smell, to make smell</b> (Gal., Gp.).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">ὀσφρ-έσθαι</b> (Att.; <b class="b3">ὤσφραντο</b> Hdt. 1, 80), fut. <b class="b3">ὀσφρ-ήσομαι</b> (Att.), also <b class="b3">ὀσφρανθῆναι</b> (Hp., Arist.), <b class="b3">-θήσομαι</b> (LXX), younger pres. <b class="b3">ὀσφρ-ᾶται</b> (Paus., Luc.), aor. <b class="b3">ὠσφρ-ήσαντο</b>, <b class="b3">-ήθη</b> (Arat., Ael.).<br />Compounds: Rarely w. <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατ-</b>. Comp. <b class="b3">καπν-οσφράν-της</b> m. "smoke smeller" (Com. Adesp., Alciphr.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ὄσφρ-ησις</b> f. <b class="b2">olfactory sense, olf. organ</b> (Pl., Arist.), 2. <b class="b3">-ασία</b> f. [[smell]], [[the smelling]] (LXX, Arr.), 3. <b class="b3">-ανσις</b> f. [[olfactory sense]] (Clearch.). 4. backformation <b class="b3">ὄσφραι</b> f. pl. [[flavours]], [[smell]] (Ach. Tat.) with <b class="b3">ὀσφράδιον</b> n. [[bunch of flowers]] (Eust.). 5. <b class="b3">ὀσφρ-αντήριος</b> [[smelling]], [[sniffing]] (Ar.), 6. <b class="b3">-αντικός</b> <b class="b2">smelling, able to smell</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">-ητικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Gal., D. L.); 7. <b class="b3">-αντός</b> (Arist.). <b class="b3">-ητός</b> (S. E., Gal.) [[smellable]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [772] <b class="b2">*h₃ed-</b> [[smell]] + ?<br />Etymology: The complex is clearly built after comparable fomations, but the attestations do not allow certains conclusions on their relative chronology. With <b class="b3">ὀσφρέσθαι</b> : <b class="b3">ὀσφρήσομαι</b> : <b class="b3">ὀσφρητός</b> agree the semantically related, much more frequent <b class="b3">αἰσθέσθαι</b> : <b class="b3">αἰσθήσομαι</b> : <b class="b3">αἰσθητός</b>. <b class="b3">ὀσφραίνομαι</b> may have followed it after formal examples like <b class="b3">ἀλιτέσθαι</b> : <b class="b3">ἀλιταίνομαι</b>, <b class="b3">βήσομαι</b> : <b class="b3">βαίνω</b>, <b class="b3">πεφήσεται</b> : <b class="b3">φαίνω</b> etc.; further <b class="b3">ὀσφρανθῆναι</b> after <b class="b3">εὑφρανθῆναι</b>; <b class="b3">ὤσφραντο</b> (Hdt.) prob. after <b class="b3">ἠνείκαντο</b> a.o. (cf. Wackernagel Verrn. Beitr. 48 = Kl. Schr. 1, 809). So there is no ground to consider the diff. forms as inherited (thus e.g. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 82f.). -- That the initial syllable is connected with <b class="b3">ὄζω</b>, <b class="b3">ὀδμή</b>, <b class="b3">ὀσμή</b>, is since long accepted (s. Curtius 244 w. lit.); since Wackernagel KZ 33, 43 (Kl. Schr. 1, 722) one supposes in it a zero grade <b class="b3">σ-</b>stem <b class="b3">*ὀδσ-</b> (cf. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> a.o. s. <b class="b3">ὄζω</b>). Against W.s further identification of <b class="b3">ὀσ-φραίνομιαι</b> with <b class="b3">ἀ-</b>, <b class="b3">εὑ-φραίνω</b> (to <b class="b3">φρήν</b>) speak esp. the non-present forms <b class="b3">ὀσ-φρέσθαι</b>, <b class="b3">-φρήσασθαι</b>, with which <b class="b3">ἀ-</b>, <b class="b3">εὑ-φραίνω</b> give nothing comparable. Instead Brugmann (e.g. IF 6, 100ff.) a.o. try to connect Skt. <b class="b2">jí-ghr-ati</b>, <b class="b2">ghrā-ti</b> [[smell]], <b class="b2">ghrāṇa-m</b> n. [[scent]], [[nose]] ( = Toch. A <b class="b2">krāṃ</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>; cf. Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 154). The details remain meanwhile unclear; Schwyzer 644 n. 5 is inclined, with Brugmann4 302 n. 1 a.o. to start from a noun <b class="b3">*ὄσ-φρ-ος</b> [[detect a smell]]; against this with good arguments Debrunner IF 21, 42 . -- Older lit. in Bq.