κόλος: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: of cows and goats <b class="b2">hornless, with not fullgrown horns</b> (Hdt., TheoC., Nic., H.), of a spear [[without point]] (Π 117), of battle [[broken off]] (sch. as name of <b class="b3">Θ</b>).<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">κόλουρος</b> [[with short tail]] (Plu.), as mathem. and astron. term [[stump]] (Hipparch. Astr., Hero, Nicom.); with <b class="b3">κολουραῖος</b> [[broken off]], [[steep]] (<b class="b3">πέτρα</b>, Call.), <b class="b3">κολούρα</b> <b class="b2">hill etc.</b> (Hermione, Epid.), <b class="b3">κολουρίᾳ τῃ̃ ἀποτομίᾳ</b>, <b class="b3">κολουρῖτις γῆ</b>. <b class="b3">Σικελοί</b> H., <b class="b3">κολούρωσις</b> = <b class="b3">κολόβωσις</b> (Iamb.); Lat. LW [loanword] [[clūra]] [[ape]] (W.-Hofmann s. v., Leumann Sprache 1, 206 n. 8). -<br />Derivatives: After <b class="b3">κόλ-ουρος</b> prob.(?) <b class="b3">κόλ-ερος</b> <b class="b2">with short-sheared wool-fleece</b> (Arist.; oppos. <b class="b3">εὔ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἔπ-ερος</b>; s. <b class="b3">εἶρος</b>); further <b class="b3">κολόχειρ χείραργος</b> H. - Derived from <b class="b3">κόλος</b> or closely related two verbs: 1. <b class="b3">κολάζω</b>, <b class="b3">κολάσαι</b>, rarely with <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀντι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b2">wring in, chastise, punish, cut</b> (IA); prob. denomin. <b class="b3">κόλασις</b> [[chastisment]] (IA.), <b class="b3">-ασμα</b> (Ar., X.), <b class="b3">-ασμός</b> (Plu.) <b class="b2">id.</b>; <b class="b3">κολαστής</b> [[punisher]] (trag., also Pl., Lys.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 36f.), also <b class="b3">κολαστήρ</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arr.), with f. <b class="b3">κολάστρια</b> (Ezek.), <b class="b3">κολάστειρα</b> (AP); <b class="b3">κολαστήριον</b>, adj. <b class="b3">-ος</b> [[punishment]], [[punishing]] (X., Ph.), <b class="b3">κολαστικός</b> [[punishing]] (Pl.). - 2. <b class="b3">κολούω</b>, <b class="b3">κολοῦσαι</b>, somet. with <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, [[mutilate]], [[limit]] (Il.); formation unclear; (cf. Schwyzer 683, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 374; s. also on <b class="b3">κωλύω</b>). From it <b class="b3">κόλουσις</b> [[docking]], [[cutting short]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">κολούσματα κλάσματα</b> H.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: The archaic and dying <b class="b3">κόλος</b>, which was in a way replaced by the expressive form <b class="b3">κολοβός</b>, partly also by <b class="b3">κόλ-ουρος</b>, belongs as verbal noun to a Balto-Slavic, in Greek replaced by [[κολάπτω]] (s. v.) primary verb meaning <b class="b2">beat, hew, cut off, break off</b>, which left in Greek several continuants, s. <b class="b3">κλάω</b>, <b class="b3">κελεός</b> m. (uncertain, improbable). The remarkable barytonesis (Schwyzer 459) may be connected with the passive meaning; perhaps <b class="b3">κόλος</b> was like [[stump]] orig. a substantive. A formal parallel is OCS [[kolъ]] [[πάσσαλος]], Russ. [[kol]] [[pole]] (prop. "splitoff, cut off piece of wood"?; cf. <b class="b3">σκῶλος</b> [[pointed pole]] to <b class="b3">σκάλλω</b>?); with lengthened grade Lith. <b class="b2">kuõlas</b> [[pole]]. - The further history of <b class="b3">κόλος</b> is uncertain because the word is not often attested; so we don't know, whether we must start from a general meaning like [[stump]] or from a word with a special meaning, like [[hornless]] (from *broken off v. t.); cf. the history of <b class="b3">κόλουρος</b>.- The parallels adduced are not very convincing; the verbs <b class="b3">κολάπτω</b>, <b class="b3">κολούω</b>, of unclear formation, point rather to a Pre-Greek complex.