κέραμος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, rare pl. <b class="b3">κέραμα, τά</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>3P.</span><span class="bibl">327</span> (iii B.C.):—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">potter's earth, potter's clay</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>60d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>384b19</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">κ. ὠμός, ὀπτώμενος</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">380b8</span>, <span class="bibl">383a21</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[anything made of this earth]], as </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">earthen vessel, wine-jar</b>, ἐκ κεράμων μέθυ πίνετο <span class="bibl">Il.9.469</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.96</span>; in collective sense, [[pottery]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>902</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Sam.</span>75</span>, al.; <b class="b3">κ. ἐσάγεται πλήρης οἴνου</b> [[jars]] full of wine, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.88</span>, <span class="bibl">Alex.257.3</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[jar]] of other material, κ. ἀργυροῦς <span class="bibl">Ptol.Euerg.7J.</span> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[tile]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1295</span> (of a tortoise's shell); collectively, [[tiling]], τοῦ τέγους τὸν κέραμον αὐτοῦ χαλάζαις… ξυντρίψομεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1127</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>349</span>, <span class="bibl">Th. 2.4</span>; Κορίνθιος κ. <span class="title">IG</span>22.1668.58; <b class="b3">Λακωνικός</b> ib.463.69, 1672.188; [[roof]], <span class="bibl">Pherecr.130.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.3.44</span>, Gal.8.26, 9.824. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[pottery]] (i.e.place of manufacture), <b class="b3">ὁ κ. ὁ χυτρικός</b> <span class="title">Tab.Defix.Praef.</span>p.iib. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[dungeon]] (said by Sch. to be Cyprian), χαλκέῳ ἐν κεράμῳ δέδετο <span class="bibl">Il.5.387</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>6.6</span> cod. M; pl., <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>16.162</span>. (Possibly cogn. with Lat.[[cremo]].) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">potters earth, tiling, earthen vessel, jar, wine-jar, pottery</b> (Il.), Ε 387 (subterranean) dungeon, Cyprian acc. sch., but see Leumann Hom. Wörter 270 n. 17 and 273 (cf. Latte Glotta 34, 200ff. with arguments against, also <b class="b3">σιρός πίθος</b>, <b class="b3">δεσμωτήριον</b> H. (s. Bechtel Dial. 1, 450).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[kerameu]]<br />Compounds: Compp., e. g. <b class="b3">κεραμουργός</b> [[potter]] (hell.).<br />Derivatives: A. material adjectives: <b class="b3">κερά-μινος</b> (Hdt.), <b class="b3">-μικός</b> (IA), <b class="b3">-μεος</b> (Pl.), <b class="b3">-μεοῦς</b> (Att.; after <b class="b3">ἐρεοῦς</b> from <b class="b3">ἐρέα</b>), <b class="b3">-μοῦς</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">-μαῖος</b> (Plb.), <b class="b3">-μιος</b> (Str.), <b class="b3">-μήϊος</b> (Nic.), <b class="b3">-μῖτις</b> (Hp., Plu.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 107). - B. Subst. 1. <b class="b3">κεραμεύς</b> [[potter]] (Il.) with <b class="b3">Κεραμεικός</b> m. "potter's market", also as adj. = <b class="b3">-μικός</b> (X.), <b class="b3">κεραμευτικός</b> [[belonging to the potter]] (D. S.), <b class="b3">κεραμεῖον</b> [[pottery]] (Att.), <b class="b3">κεραμεύω</b> <b class="b2">make of potters earth, be potter</b> (Att.) with <b class="b3">κεραμεία</b> [[pottery]] (Pl.). 2. <b class="b3">κεράμιον</b> [[earthen jar]], [[vase]] (IA) with <b class="b3">κεραμύλλιον</b> [[small pot]] (Delos, pap., IIIa; Leumann Glotta 32, 215). 3. <b class="b3">κεραμίς</b> f. [[roof-tile]] (IA) with <b class="b3">κεραμίδιον</b> (late) and <b class="b3">κεραμιδόω</b> [[cover with tiles]] (Arist.). 4. <b class="b3">κεραμ(ε)ών</b> [[pottery]] (Ar. Lys. 200, Hdn. Gr. 1, 32; 40). - Denomin. verb <b class="b3">κεραμόω</b> [[cover with tiles]] (Att. inscr.) with <b class="b3">κεραμωτός</b> (Plb., Str.), <b class="b3">κεράμωσις</b> (Epid. IVa).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: No certain etym. The connection with <b class="b3">κερά-σαι</b>, <b class="b3">κεράννυμι</b> (Prellwitz) is formally unproblematic, but semantically not quite convincing. Direct connection with Lat. [[cremāre]] as "terra coctilis" (Vaniček) is formally hard to found; we would like better a verb <b class="b2">*kerH-</b> [[burn]], [[heat]], [[glow]] (Pokorny 571f.), which has been assumed in several Baltic and Germanic nominal derivations, e. g. Lith. <b class="b2">kárštas</b> [[hot]], [[glowing]], [[burning]], Goth. <b class="b2">haúri</b> n. [[coals]], OHG [[herd]] [[hearth]]; one adduced also Skt. <b class="b2">kūḍayati</b> [[singe]], [[burn]]; impossible is Lith. <b class="b2">kùrti</b> [[fire]], [[heat]], as it is prop. [[make fire]], s. Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. v. As however among the words in -(<b class="b3">α)μο-</b> there are several suspect of being loans (Chantraine Formation 133f., Schwyzer 493f.), is for this technical term for tile-making also Pre-Greek-Anatolian origin possible; not the Carian GN <b class="b3">Κέραμος</b> (Kretschmer Glotta 11, 284, Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 694). On a proto-Hattic term s. Laroche BSL 51, p. XXXIV.