κάρφω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=poet. Verb, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[dry up]], [[wither]], <b class="b3">κάρψω μὲν Χρόα καλόν</b> [[will wither]] the fair skin, [[wrinkle]] it, <span class="bibl">Od.13.398</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">430</span>; ἠέλιος Χρόα κάρφει <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>575</span>:—and in Pass., [<b class="b3">Χρὼς</b>] κάρφεται ἤδη <span class="bibl">Archil.100</span>; πυρὶ καρφόμενα <span class="bibl">Euph.50</span>; περὶ Χροῒ καρφομένη θρίξ <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>328</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b3">ἀγήνορα κάρφει Ζεύς</b> Zeus [[withers]] the proud of heart, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>7</span>; κάματοι κάρφοντες γυῖα <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Al.</span>383</span>:—Pass., οἴτῳ κάρφεσθαι <span class="bibl">A.R.4.1094</span>; v. [[κάρφος]].</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2"> dry up, wither, wrinkle</b> (Od.).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">κάρψαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">κάρψω</b>,<br />Compounds: also with <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>,<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">κάρφος</b> n. <b class="b2">arid stalk, twig, halm, hay</b> (IA.); <b class="b3">καρφίον</b> dimin. (Dsc.), <b class="b3">καρφηρός</b> [[consisting of arid stalks]] (E. Ion 172; cf. <b class="b3">αὑχμηρός</b>, <b class="b3">αὑστηρός</b> a. o., Chantraine Formation 232f.), <b class="b3">καρφίτης</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (AP), <b class="b3">καρφώδης</b> <b class="b2">full of κ.</b> (gloss.), <b class="b3">καρφεῖα</b> n. pl. = <b class="b3">κάρφη</b> pl. (Nic. Al. 118); <b class="b3">καρφόομαι</b> (AP) = <b class="b3">καρφύνεσθαι ξηραίνεσθαι</b>, <b class="b3">φθείρεσθαι</b> H.; s. Fraenkel Denom. 294. 2. <b class="b3">κάρφη</b> f. [[hay]] (X., Arr.). 3. <b class="b3">καρφαλέος</b> [[arid]] (Il.; as <b class="b3">αὑαλέος</b>; perh. from <b class="b3">κάρφος</b>, cf. Chantraine 253f.). 4. <b class="b3">κατακαρφ-ής</b> [[withered]] (Nik. Fr. 70, 9).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: To the zero grade thematic root present <b class="b3">κάρφω</b> (with <b class="b3">κάρφος</b> for older <b class="b3">*κέρφος</b>?; s. below) the other languages have no agreement. Similarity is seen in a in Balto-Slavic and Germanic wide-spread groep, e. g. Russ. <b class="b2">koróbitь</b> [[curve]], [[bend]], refl. [[curve oneself]], [[writhe]], beside which with anlaut. <b class="b2">s- skórbnutь</b> [[writhe]], Lith. <b class="b2">skrembù</b>, <b class="b2">skrèbti</b> <b class="b2">get a thin crust, get stiff</b>, NIsl. [[herpa-st]] [[draw together convulsively]], OIcel. [[skorpna]] [[writhe]], [[wither]] etc., IE. (<b class="b2">s)kerbh-</b>, (<b class="b2">s)krebh-</b>; Pok. 948f. "m. reicher Lit. und buntem Vergleichsmaterial" (Frisk); also Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">koróbitь</b> and <b class="b2">skórblyj</b>, W.-Hofmann s. [[corbis]]. Unclear remain the Hesych -glosses <b class="b3">κορφῶς ἐλαφρῶς</b>, <b class="b3">κέρβαλα ἀσθενῆ</b> (improb. v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 40f.). . - "Die expressive Wortgruppe hat offenbar lautliche Entgleisungen und Verschränkungen erlitten" (Frisk). "Les rapprochments proposés par les étymologistes ne donnent satisfaction ni pour la forme ni pour le sens" (DELG). Cf. also <b class="b3">κράμβη</b>, <b class="b3">-ός</b>. It seems then that the word is non-IE and it may well be Pre-Greek. Note <b class="b3">κορφῶς</b>.