σέβομαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=mostly used in pres.: impf. in <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.197</span>: fut. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> σεβήσομαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1381.202</span> (ii A.D.): aor. ἐσέφθην <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>164</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>254b</span>, <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Plot.</span>12</span>:—[[feel awe]] or [[fear]] before God,[[feel shame]], <b class="b3">οὔ νυ σέβεσθε</b>; <span class="bibl">Il.4.242</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>293</span>; τιμῶν καὶ σεβόμενος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>729c</span>; <b class="b3">σεφθεῖσα</b> [[awe-stricken]], Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span> l.c.: rarely c. inf., [[dread]] or [[fear to do]] a thing, σ. προσιδέσθαι... ἀντία φάσθαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>694</span> (lyr.); μιαίνειν τὸ θεῖον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>69d</span>; σέβεται καὶ φοβεῖται . . τό τι κινεῖν τῶν καθεστώτων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 798b</span>: so c. acc. rei, [[to fear to do]] it, <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.4.12</span>: c. part., σ. προσορῶν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>250e</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> after Hom., c. acc. pers., [[revere]], [[worship]], Κρονίδαν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>6.25</span>; θεούς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>921</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πάντων ἀνάκτων κοινοβωμίαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">223</span>; Λατώ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>123</span>; <b class="b3">Λυκοῦργον σέβεσθαι</b> [[worship]] him [[as a hero]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.66</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.197</span>; προσορῶν ὡς θεὸν σ. τινά <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>251a</span>; [[do homage to]] Zeus, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>937</span>: generally, [[pay honour]] or <b class="b2">respect to . .</b>, <b class="b3">θνατοὺς ἄγαν σ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">543</span> (lyr.); τὸ φίλον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>187</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1163</span> (lyr.), etc.; σ. τινὰ τύχης μάκαρος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>648</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> esp. of Jewish proselytes, σεβομένη τὸν θεόν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>16.14</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>14.7.2</span>; <b class="b3">σεβόμενοι προσήλυτοι, Ἕλληνες</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>13.43</span>, <span class="bibl">17.4</span>; <b class="b3">σεβόμεναι γυναῖκες</b> ib.<span class="bibl">13.50</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of things, τὰ βυβλία σεβόμενοι μεγάλως <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.128</span>; ὄργια <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>949</span>; ὦ Πιερία, σέβεταί σ' Εὔιος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>566</span> (lyr.); τὸ σῶφρον αἰδούμενος ἅμα καὶ σ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>837c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Act. <b class="b3">σέβω</b> is post-Hom., used only in pres. and impf., [[worship]], [[honour]], mostly of the gods, σ. Δήμητρος πανήγυριν <span class="bibl">Archil.120</span>; πατρὸς Ὀλυμπίοιοτιμάν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>14.12</span>; θεούς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>596</span>; Νύμφας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>22</span>; Ἅιδην <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>777</span>; <b class="b3">τἀν Ἅιδου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">780</span>; θεῶν θέσμια <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 713</span>(lyr.), etc.; rare in Prose, νομίζεται θεοὺς σέβειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.4.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>600</span>; but also of parents, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1377</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>511</span>; of kings, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>667</span>, etc.; of suppliants, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>151</span> (lyr.); λέγω κατ' ἄνδρα, μὴ θεόν, σέβειν ἐμέ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>925</span>; αἰχμὴν . . μᾶλλον θεοῦ σ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>530</span>; σ. ὀνείρων φάσματα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>274</span>; τὰς ἐμὰς ἀρχὰς σ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>744</span> (<b class="b3">εὖ σέβουσι</b> is dub. cj. for <b class="b3">εὐσεβοῦσι</b> in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>338</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1320</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>85</span>); <b class="b3">σέβειν ἐν τιμῇ</b> c. acc., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>166</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>647a</span>: c. inf., <b class="b3">ὑβρίζειν ἐν κακοῖσιν οὐ σέβω</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">τὸ ὑβρίζειν</b>, I do not [[respect]], [[approve]] it, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1612</span>; τὸ μὴ ἀδικεῖν σέβοντες <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>749</span>: rarely of a god, Ποσειδῶν . . τὰς ἐμὰς ἀρὰς σέβων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>896</span>:—<b class="b3">σέβομαι</b> as Pass., to [[be reverenced]], ἡ δ' οἴκοι [πόλις] πλέον δίκῃ σέβοιτ' ἄν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>760</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ σεβόμενον</b> [[reverence]], Plu. 2.1101d. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> less freq. abs., [[to worship]], to [[be religious]], τὸν σέβοντ' εὐεργετεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>725</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">897</span>; οὐ γὰρ σέβεις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>745</span>; κρίνοντες ἐν ὁμοίῳ καὶ σέβειν καὶ μή <span class="bibl">Th.2.53</span>; but in all these places an object shd. perh. be supplied from the context. (<b class="b3">σέβομαι</b> prob. orig. '<b class="b2">I shrink from . .</b>', of which <b class="b3">σοβέω</b> is the causal; perh. cogn. with Skt. [[tyajati]] 'desert, let go'.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to shy from smth., to feel ashamed</b>, posthom. <b class="b2">to be in awe, to honour</b>, esp. as regards the gods (Δ 242).<br />Other forms: also <b class="b3">σέβω</b> (Pi., trag., rarely in prose; cf. Schw.-Debrunner 234), nonpres. forms quite rare: aor. pass. <b class="b3">σεφθῆναι</b> (S. Fr. 164, Pl. Phdr. 254b), fut. <b class="b3">σεβήσομαι</b> (pap. IIp).<br />Compounds: Rarely with <b class="b3">προσ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀντι-</b>.<br />Derivatives: A. <b class="b3">σέβας</b> n. (only nom. a. acc.; pl. <b class="b3">σέβη</b> A. Supp. 755) <b class="b2">(sacred) awe, amazement, worship, object of awe, of worship</b> (ep. poet. Il.); after <b class="b3">γέρας</b>? (cf. Chantraine Form. 422; s. also on <b class="b3">σεμνός</b>); as 2. member, after the <b class="b3">εσ-</b>stems, <b class="b3">-σεβής</b> (Schwyzer 514; aslo relation to <b class="b3">σέβομαι</b> is possible), s.g. <b class="b3">εὑ-σεβής</b> [[God-fearing]], [[pious]] (Thgn., Pi. etc.) with <b class="b3">εὑσέβ-εια</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ημα</b>; after this and after <b class="b3">ἀσέβημα</b> the simplex <b class="b3">σέβημα</b> n. [[worship]] (Orph.). From <b class="b3">σέβας</b>: 1. the aorist <b class="b3">σεβάσσατο</b> (Il.), to which <b class="b3">σεβάζομαι</b>, <b class="b3">σεβασθῆναι</b> (late) = <b class="b3">σέβομαι</b>. From this a. <b class="b3">σεβάσεις</b> pl. [[deferences]] (Epicur.); b. <b class="b3">-σμα</b> n. [[object of worship]], [[shrine]] (D. H., NT etc.); c. <b class="b3">-σμός</b> m. [[worship]] (hell. a. late) with <b class="b3">-σμιος</b>, <b class="b3">-σμιότης</b>; d. <b class="b3">-στός</b> [[venerable]], [[reverend]], [[elevated]], = Lat. Augustus (D. H., Str. etc.; also to <b class="b3">σέβας</b>) with <b class="b3">-στιος</b>, <b class="b3">-στικός</b>, <b class="b3">-στεύω</b>, <b class="b3">-στεῖον</b>. 2. <b class="b3">σεβίζομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> = <b class="b3">σέβο-μαι</b> (Pi., trag. a.o.; can also be enlargement of <b class="b3">σέβομαι</b>) with <b class="b3">-ισμα</b> n. (sch.). -- B. Verbal adj. <b class="b3">σεπτός</b> [[venerable]] (A. Pr. 812, late prose), mostly comp., <b class="b3">ἄ-</b>, <b class="b3">περί-</b>, <b class="b3">θεό-σεπτος</b> a.o. (trag. a.o.); <b class="b3">σεπτ-ικός</b>, <b class="b3">-εύω</b> H. C. nom. ag. <b class="b3">θεο-σέπτωρ</b> m. [[worshiper of gods]] (E. Hipp. 1364 [anap.]; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 28). D. <b class="b3">σέβερος εὑσεβής</b>, <b class="b3">δίκαιος</b> H. -- On [[σεμνός]] and [[σοβέω]] s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1086] <b class="b2">*ti̯egʷ-</b> <b class="b2">have respcct for smb.</b><br />Etymology: Phonetically possible, but at least at first sight semant. not very convincing is the connection with Skt. [[tyajati]] [[desert]], [[leave alone]], [[abandon]] (Brugmann IF 25, 301 ff., WP. 1, 746, Pok. 1086). The causative [[σοβέω]] (s. v.) points for <b class="b3">σέβομαι</b> to an orig. meaning [[run away]], [[flee]] v. t.; from this <b class="b2">(schameful) redress for sth., yield</b>? Doubts by Mayrhofer s.v. (w. lit.); agreement by v. Erffa <b class="b3">Αἰδώς</b> (Phil. Supp. 30: 2) 27 f. The equation of <b class="b3">σεπτός</b> with <b class="b2">tyaktá-</b>, of <b class="b3">θεο-σέπτωρ</b> with <b class="b2">tyaktar-</b>, to which also the <b class="b2">s-</b>stems <b class="b3">σέβας</b>: <b class="b2">tyajas-</b> (Porzig Satzinhalte 301), is without impostance for the etymology, as it could be monolingual innovations. Acc. to v. Windekens Orbis 14, 117 here also Toch. AB <b class="b2">yäk-</b> <b class="b2">negligent, careless, be c.</b>; doubtable.