στέρνον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[breast]], [[chest]], in Hom. both in sg. and pl., always of males (<b class="b3">στῆθος</b> being used of both sexes), βάλε δουρὶ σ. ὑπὲρ μαζοῖο <span class="bibl">Il.4.528</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.479</span>, etc.; κρήδεμνον ὑπὸ στέρνοιο τάνυσσαι <span class="bibl">Od.5.346</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">N.</span>10.68</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.8.26</span>: pl., εὐρύτερος δ' ὤμοισιν ἰδὲ στέρνοισιν <span class="bibl">Il.3.194</span>; ἐν δέ τέ οἱ κραδίη . . στέρνοισι πατάσσει <span class="bibl">13.282</span>; σ. λαχνάεντα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.19</span>; so in <span class="bibl">X., <span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.13</span>; <b class="b3">παίσας εἰς τὰ σ… παῖδα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">4.6.4</span>; of horses, <span class="bibl">Il.23.365</span> (sg. in <span class="bibl">508</span>); of sheep, <span class="bibl">Od.9.443</span>; in Trag. also of women, in sg., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>563</span>; pl., <b class="b3">μαστούς τ' ἔδειξε στέρνα θ'</b> ib.<span class="bibl">560</span>; <b class="b3">στέρνων πλαγαί</b> beating of the [[breast]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>90</span> (anap.); ἐν στέρνοισι πεσοῦνται δοῦποι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>633</span> (lyr.); στέρν' ἄρασσε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>1054</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Poet., esp. Trag., also, the [[breast]] as the seat of the affections, [[heart]], ἀνδρῶν γὰρ ἐσθλῶν σ. οὐ μαλάσσεται <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>195</span>; τὸ σὸν μὴ σ. ἀλγύνοιμι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>482</span>: mostly in pl., ἤλγυνεν ἐν στέρνοις φρένα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>746</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>792</span>; <b class="b3">οὕτω χρὴ διὰ στέρνων ἔχειν</b> one ought to feel thus, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>639</span>; στέρνοις ἐγκαταθέσθαι τι Simon.(?)<span class="bibl">85</span>; Ἄρη ἐν στέρνοις ἔχειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>134</span>; ἐξ εὐμενῶν σ. δέχεσθαί τινα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>487</span>; οἷς πολιοῦχος ὑπὸ στέρνοις ἀρετά τε καὶ αἰδώς <span class="bibl">Isyll.16</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> metaph., στέρνα χθονός Suid., cf. Sch. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>691</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ὑπὸ στέρνοισι καμίνου</b> in the [[heart]] of the fire, <span class="bibl">Nic. <span class="title">Th.</span>924</span>.—Rare in early Prose (v. supr.); found also in Medic., in signf. <span class="bibl">1.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Flat.</span>10</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">Sor.1.103</span>, al., Gal.16.608, 18(2).65, al. (all sg.); τὰ σ. μαχαίρᾳ ἀνσχίσσαντα <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).121.99 (Epid., iv B.C.); never in Arist. (f.l. for [[στενῶν]] in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pr.</span>905b40</span>). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[breastbone]], Gal.2.592, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UP</span>6.8</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[breast]], [[chest]], in Hom. always of the manly breast, also as seat of the feelings etc., "heart" (poet. Il., also medic.).<br />Other forms: often pl. <b class="b3">-α</b>.<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">εὑρύ-στερνος</b> [[with a wide chest]] (Hes. a.o.), <b class="b3">στερνο-τυπής</b> [[beating the chest]] (E. in lyr.), <b class="b3">πρό-στερνος</b> [[in front of the chest]] (A.), to which <b class="b3">προστερν-ίδιον</b> n. <b class="b2">chest-harness of horses</b> (X. u.a.), also <b class="b3">στερνίδιον</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (late).<br />Derivatives: Verbal derivations from hypostases or univerbations, e.g. <b class="b3">ὑποστερν-ίζομαι</b> [[fix under the chest]] (Plu.; <b class="b3">ὑπόστερνον ὑπογάστριον</b> H.). Further derivv. rare: <b class="b3">στερνίτιδες πλευραί</b> (Poll.; Redard 105), <b class="b3">στερνιξ ἐντεριώνη</b> H. (as <b class="b3">μόλιξ</b>, <b class="b3">ῥηνιξ</b> a.o.); unclear <b class="b3">στερνιον</b> des. of a difficult digestible meat, cf. LSJ s.v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [1029] <b class="b2">*sterH-</b> [[spread out]]<br />Etymology: As des. of the breast a Greek innovation, but the word has several cognates outside Greek: Germ., e.g. OHG [[stirna]] f. [[forehead]], IE <b class="b2">*stern-i̯a</b>, Slav. e.g. Russ. <b class="b2">storoná</b>, [[region]], [[side]] IE <b class="b2">*stor-na</b>, Welsh [[sarn]] [[stratum]], [[pavimentum]] = Skt. ptc. <b class="b2">stirṇá</b> [[stratus]], [[spread out]]; <b class="b3">ΙΕ</b> <b class="b2">*str̥no-</b> = <b class="b2">*str̥Hno-</b>, zero grade of <b class="b2">str̥ṇáti</b> `strew out, spread out; s. <b class="b3">στόρνυμι</b>; but the laryngeal is not found in <b class="b3">στέρνον</b>. So prop. meaning of <b class="b3">στέρνον</b> (formation like <b class="b3">τέκνον</b>, <b class="b3">φερνή</b>) [[what is spread out]], [[extension]], [[plain]] (opposed to the neck, <b class="b3">ἱσθμός</b>; <b class="b3">τὰ ἴσθμια</b> [[pit]], [[throat]]). Cf. on <b class="b3">στῆθος</b>. -- As the laryngeal cannot be accomodated, a bit uncertain.