στενός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. στεινός, ή, όν, Aeol. στένος Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>34 (dub. l.):— <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[narrow]], opp. <b class="b3">εὐρύς, πλατύς</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.8</span> (Sup.), <span class="bibl">4.195</span>, al.; ψαλίς <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Fr.</span>367</span>; δίαυλος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>435</span>; ἐσβολή <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.175</span> (Comp.); <b class="b3">πόρος</b> ib. <span class="bibl">176</span>; ἡ ἔσοδος <span class="bibl">Th.7.51</span>; οὔτ' εὐρεῖα οὔτε στενὴ διαφυγή <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>737a</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν στενῷ</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">στεινῷ</b>, in [[a narrow space]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>413</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.60</span>. <b class="b3">β; ποιεῖν τὸν δῆμον εὐρὺν καὶ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>720</span>; σ. ποδεών <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.31</span>; ἔντερον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>161</span>; <b class="b3">πόροι, φλέβες</b>, <span class="bibl">Ti.Locr.101a</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>66a</span>; <b class="b3">κεφαλή, πόδες</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>5.30</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Subst., <b class="b3">τὰ σ</b>. the [[narrows]], [[straits]], of a pass, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.223</span>; of a sea, <span class="bibl">Th.2.86</span>, etc.; of the [[straits]] of Gibraltar, <span class="bibl">Str.3.5.5</span>; so <b class="b3">τὸ σ</b>. the [[strait]] (Hellespont), <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMar.</span>9.1</span>; ἐπὶ σ. τῆς ὁδοῦ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.1.29</span>; also <b class="b3">ἡ στενή</b> [[a narrow strip]] of land, <span class="bibl">Th.2.99</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ σ</b>. [[passes]], [[defiles]], Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.334 S. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> metaph., [[close]], [[confined]], <b class="b3">ἀπειληθέντες ἐς στεινόν</b> driven into [[a corner]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.34</span>; σ. ζῶμεν χρόνον <span class="bibl">Men.410</span>; εἰς στενὸν κομιδῇ τὰ τῆς τροφῆς τινι καταστήσεται <span class="bibl">D.1.22</span>; εἰς σ. τοῦ καιροῦ φθείρεσθαι <span class="bibl">Alciphr.1.24</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[scanty]], [[petty]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>497c</span>; ὑποθέσεις <span class="bibl">Plb.7.7.6</span>; ἐλπίδες <span class="bibl">D.H.4.52</span>; ἐρωτήσεις <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>2.30</span>; <b class="b2">small-minded, narrow-minded</b>, in Adv. Comp., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PGiss.</span>40 ii7</span> (iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of sound and style, [[thin]], [[meagre]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Aud.</span>803b24</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>1413b15</span>; [[hard]] to pronounce, συλλαβὴ σ. καὶ δύστομος <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Po.</span>2.15</span>.—<span class="bibl">Choerob. <span class="title">in Theod.</span>2.76</span> H., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span> 275.50</span> say that <b class="b3">στενός</b>, like [[κενός]], forms the Comp. and Sup. <b class="b3">στενότερος, στενότατος</b>, and these forms are explainable from <b class="b3">*στενϝότερος, *στενϝότατος</b>, which are implied by the Ionic forms <b class="b3">στεινότερος, -ότατος</b> (<b class="b3">στεινότερος</b> occurs in <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.181</span>, <span class="bibl">7.175</span>, στενότερος in <span class="title">IG</span>7.3073.109 (Lebad., ii B.C.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>111d</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.4.3</span> with v.l.); and <b class="b3">στενοτάτου</b> is required by the metre in <span class="bibl">Scymn.922</span>; the form <b class="b3">στενώτερος</b> is however found in <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>22</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>675a35</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Adv., <b class="b3">στενῶς διακεῖσθαι</b> to be [[in difficulties]], PCair.Zen.498 (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span> 760.19</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl">D.L.8.86</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ki.</span>13.6</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">narrow, close, small, tight, slim</b> (IA.).<br />Other forms: Ion. <b class="b3">στεινός</b>, Aeol. (gramm.) <b class="b3">στέννος</b>.<br />Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">στενωπός</b>, s. [[ὀπή]].<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">στενό-της</b> (ion. <b class="b3">-ει-</b>) f. [[narrowness]], [[tightness]] (IA.); backformation (cf. Schwyzer 512) <b class="b3">στεῖνος</b> (ep. Il.) for <b class="b3">στένος</b> (A. Eu. 521 [lyr.]) n. <b class="b2">narrowness, narrow room, throng, distress</b> (cf. below; on the meaning Zumbach Neuerungen 43 f.). Denominative verbs. 1. backformation <b class="b3">στείνομαι</b>, rarely w. <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀμφιπερι-</b>, only present a. ipf. <b class="b2">to be narrowed, to crowd, to be crowded</b> (ep. Il.), rare and late <b class="b3">στείνω</b> [[to narrow]], [[to crowd]] (Nonn., Orph.). 2. <b class="b3">στενόομαι</b> (<b class="b3">-ει-</b>), <b class="b3">-όω</b>, often w. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, [[to become]], [[make narrow]] (hell. a. late) with <b class="b3">-ωσις</b>, <b class="b3">-ωμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b> (late.). -- Besides <b class="b3">στενυγρός</b> [[narrow]] (Ion.) with <b class="b3">στενυγρ-ῶσαι</b> aor. (Hp. ap. Gal.); PlN <b class="b3">Στενύ-κληρος</b> (Hdt. 9, 64). -- Zero grade(?), unexplained <b class="b3">στάνει</b> <<b class="b3">σ</b>><b class="b3">τείνεται</b>, <b class="b3">συμβέβυσται</b> H.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)<br />Etymology: From <b class="b3">στενός</b> : <b class="b3">στεινός</b> : <b class="b3">στέννος</b> follows PGr. <b class="b3">*στενϜός</b> (cf. also Att. <b class="b3">στεν(Ϝ)ό-τερος</b>, <b class="b3">-τατος</b>), a thematic enlargement of the suffix combination <b class="b3">-γ-ρ-</b> is seen in <b class="b3">στενυ-γρός</b> (s. Schwyzer 496 w. n. 9 a. lit., Chantraine Form. 225, also Specht Ursprung 192 f.) and the <b class="b2">u-</b>stem seen in <b class="b3">Στενύ-κληρος</b> (Schw. 472, Chantr. 122); beside it the <b class="b2">s-</b>stem in <b class="b3">στένος</b> (Porzig Satzinhalte 247). - Isolated. Hypotheses of doubtful worth in Bq and WP. 2, 627, Pok. 1021 f.; new attempt by Machek Zeitschr. f. Slaw. 1, 35 and Ling. Posn. 5, 69 f. -- There is, then, no IE etym.; <b class="b3">στενυγρός</b> may be Pre-Greek (see Beekes, suff. under <b class="b3">γρ</b> and <b class="b3">ρ</b>, <b class="b3">ταναγρίς</b>, <b class="b3">βάλαγρος</b>, <b class="b3">γήλιγρος</b>); the place name <b class="b3">Στενύκληρος</b> could well be Pre-Greek. Cf. Chantr. Form. 226. Furnée 226 "nicht sicher erklärt". DELG "L'étymologie de ce groupe de mots reste obscure." Note also <b class="b3">στάνει</b>.