δύναμαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], 2sg. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> δύνασαι <span class="bibl">Il.1.393</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.374</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1164</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>811</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>574</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.8</span>, etc.; δύνῃ <span class="title">Carm.Aur.</span>19, also in codd. of <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>798</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>253</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Andr.</span>239</span>, and later Prose, <span class="bibl">Plb. 7.11.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>13.32</span>; Aeol. and Dor. δύνᾳ Alc.<span class="title">Oxy.</span>1788 <span class="title">Fr.</span>15 ii 16, <span class="bibl">Theoc.10.2</span>, also <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>849</span> (lyr.), dub. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>696</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">δύνῃ</b> is subj., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>491</span>, cf. Phryn.337; Ion. 3pl. δυνέαται <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.142</span>; subj. <b class="b3">δύνωμαι</b>, Ion. 2sg. δύνηαι <span class="bibl">Il.6.229</span> (<b class="b3">δυνεώμεθα -ωνται</b> as vv.ll. in <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.97</span>, <span class="bibl">7.163</span>); also δύνᾱμαι <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>3.3</span>, <span class="title">GDI</span>4952<span class="title">A</span> 42 (Crete): impf. 2sg. ἐδύνω <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>405</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.6.7</span>; later ἐδύνασο <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Ep.</span>16</span> (v.l. [[ἠδ]].), <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMort.</span>9.1</span>; Ion. 3pl. ἐδυνέατο <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.110</span>, al. (<b class="b3">ἠδ-</b> codd.): fut. δυνήσομαι <span class="bibl">Od.16.238</span>, etc.; Dor. δυνᾱσοῦμαι <span class="bibl">Archyt.3</span>; later δυνηθήσομαι <span class="bibl">D.C.52.37</span>: aor. ἐδυνησάμην <span class="bibl">Il.14.33</span>, Ep. δυν- <span class="bibl">5.621</span>; subj. δυνήσωνται <span class="bibl">Semon.1.17</span>, never in good Att., f. l. in <span class="bibl">D.19.323</span>: Pass. forms, Ep., Ion., Lyr., <b class="b3">ἐδυνάσθην</b> or δυνάσθην <span class="bibl">Il.23.465</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.19</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.56</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>48</span> (v.l. [[δυνηθείη]]), also in <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.24</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>7.6.20</span>; Trag. and Att. Prose ἐδυνήθην <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 1067</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>1212</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>867</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">D.21.80</span>,186: pf. δεδύνημαι <span class="bibl">D.4.30</span>, <span class="bibl">Din.2.14</span>, Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.261S.—The double augment <b class="b3">ἠδυνάμην</b> is Att. acc. to <span class="bibl">Moer.175</span>, but Ion. acc. to <span class="title">An.Ox.</span>2.374, and is found in codd. of <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.110</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>1.26</span>.<b class="b3">β'</b>, al.; <b class="b3">ἠδύνω</b> is required by metre in <span class="bibl">Philippid.16</span>; but is not found in Att. Inscrr. before <span class="bibl">300</span> B.C., <span class="title">IG</span>22.678.12, al., cf. [[ἠδύνασθε]] ib.7.2711 (Acraeph., i A.D.); both forms occur in later writers: <b class="b3">ἠδυνήθην</b> occurs in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>208</span>, and codd. of <span class="bibl">Th.4.33</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.3.42</span>, etc.: <b class="b3">δύνομαι</b> is a late form freq. in Pap. as <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>9</span> (ii B. C.), al. [ῠ, exc. in δῡναμένοιο <span class="bibl">Od.1.276</span>, <span class="bibl">11.414</span>, <span class="bibl">Hom. <span class="title">Epigr.</span>15.1</span>, and pr. n. <b class="b3">Δῡναμένη</b>, metri gr.] </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> to [[be able]], [[strong enough]] to do, c. inf. pres. et aor., <span class="bibl">Il.19.163</span>, <span class="bibl">1.562</span>, etc.: fut. inf. is f.l. (<b class="b3">πείσειν</b> for <b class="b3">πείθειν</b>) in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1394</span>, (<b class="b3">κωλύσειν</b> for <b class="b3">κωλῦσαι</b>) <span class="bibl">Plb.21.11.13</span>, etc.: freq. abs., with inf. supplied from the context, <b class="b3">εἰ δύνασαί γε</b> if at least thou [[canst]] (sc. <b class="b3">περισχέσθαι</b>), <span class="bibl">Il. 1.393</span>: also c. acc. Pron. or Adj., ὅσσον δύναμαι χερσίν τε ποσίν τε <span class="bibl">20.360</span>; [Ζεὺς] δύναται ἅπαντα <span class="bibl">Od.4.237</span>; <b class="b3">μέγα δυνάμενος</b> very [[powerful]], [[mighty]], <span class="bibl">1.276</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.414</span>; δ. μέγιστον ξείνων <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.9</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">μέγα δύναται</b>, [[multum valet]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>950</span> (lyr.); δ. Διὸς ἄγχιστα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1035</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ δυνάμενοι</b> <b class="b2">men of power, rank, and influence</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>889</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.39</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ δυνάμενοι</b>, opp. <b class="b3">οἱ μὴ ἔχοντες</b>, <span class="bibl">Democr.255</span>; opp. <b class="b3">οἱ πένητες</b>, <span class="bibl">Archyt. 3</span>; <b class="b3">δυνάμενος παρά τινι</b> [[having influence]] with him, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.5</span>, <span class="bibl">And. 4.26</span>, etc.; δύνασθαι ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις <span class="bibl">Th.4.105</span>; <b class="b3">δ. τοῖς χρήμασι, τῷ σώματι</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.6.48</span>, <span class="bibl">24.4</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ δυνάμενος</b> [[one that can maintain himself]], <span class="bibl">Id.24.12</span>; of things, [<b class="b3">διαφέρει] οἷς δύνανται</b> differ in their [[potentialities]], <span class="bibl">Plot.6.3.17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of moral possibility, to [[be able]], [[dare]], [[bear]] to do a thing, mostly with neg., οὔτε τελευτὴν ποιῆσαι δύναται <span class="bibl">Od.1.250</span>; σε… οὐ δύναμαι προλιπεῖν <span class="bibl">13.331</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>455</span>; οὐκέτι ἐδύνατο ἐν τῷ καθεστῶτι τρόπῳ βιοτεύειν <span class="bibl">Th.1.130</span>; οὐδὲ σθένειν τοσοῦτον ᾠόμην τὰ σὰ κηρύγμαθ' ὥστε… θεῶν νόμιμα δύνασθαι… ὑπερδραμεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 455</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[enjoy a legal right]], δ. τῆς γεωργίας ἀπηλλάχθαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>899.31</span> (ii/iii A.D.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> with <b class="b3">ὡς</b> and Sup., <b class="b3">ὡς ἐδύναντο ἀδηλότατα</b> as secretly as they [[could]], <span class="bibl">Th.7.50</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς δύναμαι μάλιστα κατατείνας</b> as forcibly as I [[possibly can]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>367b</span>; ὡς δύναιτο κάλλιστον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span>214c</span>; ὡς ἂν δύνωμαι διὰ βραχυτάτων <span class="bibl">D.27.3</span>, etc.; simply <b class="b3">ὡς ἐδύνατο</b> in the best way he [[could]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.6.2</span>: with relat., ὅσους ἐδύνατο πλείστους ἀθροίσας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>2.2.9</span>; λαβεῖν… οὓς ἂν σοφωτάτους δύνωμαι <span class="bibl">Alex. 213</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> to [[be equivalent to]], <b class="b3">λόγοι ἔργα δυνάμενοι</b> words [[that are as good as]] deeds, <span class="bibl">Th.6.40</span>: hence, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> of money, to [[be worth]], c. acc., ὁ σίγλος δύναται ἑπτὰ ὀβολούς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.34.23</span>: abs., [[pass]], [[be current]], <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Luct.</span>10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of Number, etc., to [[be equal]] or [[equivalent to]], τριηκόσιαι γενεαὶ δυνέαται μύρια ἔτεα <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.142</span>; <b class="b3">δυνήσεται τὴν ὑποτείνουσαν</b> [[will be equivalent to]] the hypotenuse, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">IA</span> 709a19</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of words, [[signify]], [[mean]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.110</span>, al.; τὸ πειρηθῆναι καὶ τὸ ποιεῖν ἴσον δύναται <span class="bibl">Id.6.86</span>. γ; δύναται ἴσον τῷ δρᾶν τὸ νοεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Fr.</span>691</span>; δύναται τὸ νεοδαμῶδες ἤδη ἐλεύθερον εἶναι <span class="bibl">Th.7.58</span>: in later Greek, <b class="b3">δύναται τὸ μνασθέντι ἀντὶ τοῦ μνασθέντος</b>" [[is equivalent to]]... Sch.<span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.110</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[avail to produce]], <b class="b3">οὐδένα καιρὸν δύναται</b> [[brings]] no advantage, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>128</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>23d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> of things, <b class="b2">mean, 'spell'</b>, <b class="b3">τὸ τριβώνιον τί δύναται</b>; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>842</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ ἀγγελίαι τοῦτο δύνανται</b> they [[mean]] this much, <span class="bibl">Th.6.36</span>; τὴν αὐτὴν δ. δούλωσιν <span class="bibl">Id.1.141</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1313b25</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> Math., <b class="b3">δύνασθαί τι</b> [[to be equivalent when squared to]] a number or area, <b class="b3">τοῖς ἐπιπέδοις ἃ δύνανται</b> in the areas of which they [the lines] [[are the roots]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>148b</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ΒΓ τῆς Α μεῖζον δύναται τῇ ΔΖ</b> [[the square on]] <b class="b3">ΒΓ</b> [[is greater]] than [[the square on]] A by the [[square on]] <b class="b3">ΔΖ</b>, <span class="bibl">Euc.10.17</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ δυνάμεναι αὐτά [τὰ μεγέθη</b>] the lines [[representing]] their [[square roots]], ib.<span class="title">Def.</span>4, cf. <span class="title">Prop.</span> 22; <b class="b3">αὐξήσεις δυνάμεναί τε καὶ δυναστευόμεναι</b> increments both [[in the roots]] and [[powers]] of numbers, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>546b</span>; τὴν ὑποτείνουσαν ταῖς περὶ τὴν ὀρθὴν ἴσον δυναμένην Plu.2.720a, cf. <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Comm.Math.</span>17</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ δυναμένη</b>, Pythag. name for the [[hypotenuse]] of a right-angled triangle, <span class="bibl">Alex.Aphr.<span class="title">in Metaph.</span>75.31</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of numbers multiplied together, [[come to]], <span class="bibl">Papp.1.24</span>,<span class="bibl">27</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> impers., <b class="b3">οὐ δύναται</b>, c. aor. inf., [[it cannot be]], [[is not to be]], τοῖσι Σπαρτιήτῃσι καλλιερῆσαι οὐκ ἐδύνατο <span class="bibl">Hdt. 7.134</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">9.45</span>; <b class="b3">δύναται</b> [[it is possible]], Plu.2.440e (s. v.l.).</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[be able]], [[be equal]], [[be equivalent]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">δυνήσασθαι</b>, <b class="b3">δυνασθῆναι</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">δυνηθῆναι</b> (trag.), fut. <b class="b3">δυνήσομαι</b> (Od.), perf. <b class="b3">δεδύνημαι</b> (Att.)<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">δύναμις</b> f. [[strength]], [[power]] (Il.; cf. <b class="b3">θέμις</b> and below) with <b class="b3">δυναμικός</b> [[powerful]], [[effective]] (hell. and late), <b class="b3">δυναμερός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (medic.), <b class="b3">δυναμοστόν</b> a fraction (Dioph.); <b class="b3">δυναμόω</b> [[make strong]] (hell. and late), with <b class="b3">δυνάμωσις</b>, <b class="b3">δυναμωτικός</b>, <b class="b3">δύνασις</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pi.). <b class="b3">δυνάστης</b> m. [[lord]], [[master]] (ion.-att.) with <b class="b3">δυναστικός</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">δυναστεύω</b> (Ion.-Att.), with <b class="b3">δυναστεία</b>, <b class="b3">δυνάστευμα</b>, <b class="b3">δυναστευτικός</b>; f. <b class="b3">δυνάστις</b> (Demetr. Eloc.), <b class="b3">δυνάστειρα</b> (Tab. Defix. Aud. IIIp). <b class="b3">δυνάστωρ</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (E. IA 280 [lyr.]). Verbal adj. <b class="b3">δυνατός</b> <b class="b2">potens, able; possible</b> (Sapph.,) with <b class="b3">δυνατέω</b> [[be strong]] (2 Ep. Kor. 13, 3); <b class="b3">δυνητικός</b> [[potential]] (A. D.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Prob. <b class="b3">δύ-ν-αμαι</b>, a present with nasal infix, which was generalized: <b class="b3">δυ-ν-ά-σθην</b> for <b class="b3">*δυά-σθην</b> (cf. <b class="b3">λίναμαι</b> : <b class="b3">λιάσθην</b>), <b class="b3">δυ-ν-ήσομαι</b> for <b class="b3">*δυή-σομαι</b> etc., and in nouns <b class="b3">δύναμις</b> etc. An inorganic <b class="b3">-σ-</b> in: <b class="b3">δυνά-σ-θην</b>, <b class="b3">δυνά-σ-της</b>. The disyllabic root <b class="b3">δϜα-</b> formally agrees with that of <b class="b3">δ(Ϝ)ά-ν</b>, <b class="b3">δ(Ϝ)α-ρός</b> (s. [[δήν]], [[δηρός]]), but semantically a connection is difficult. - Cret. <b class="b3">νύναμαι</b> (Gortyn) must be the same word. It may be due simply to assimilation. Hell. <b class="b3">δύνομαι</b> is a thematic re-formation. - Details in Schwyzer 495 n. 5, 693 w. n. 5, 762; cf Frisk Eranos 43, 223 w. n. 3.