λέπω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=fut. [[λέψω]] ([[ἀπο]]-) prob. in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>237</span>; Ep. inf. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἀπο-λεψέμεν <span class="bibl">Il.21.455</span>: aor. ἔλεψα <span class="bibl">1.236</span>, Nic.<span class="title">Fr.</span>82:—Med., <span class="bibl">Alex.49</span>:—Pass., fut. [[λᾰπήσομαι]] ([[ἐκ]]-) Hp. (<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nat.Puer.</span>29</span>) ap.Erot.: aor. 2 [[λᾰπῆναι]] Hsch., ([[ἐκ]]-) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>164</span>: pf. [[λέλεμμαι]] ([[ἀπο]]-) <span class="bibl">Epich.158</span>, but λέλαμμαι <span class="title">IG</span>22.463.68:—[[strip off the rind]] or [[husks]], [[peel]], [[bark]], περὶ γάρ ῥά ἑ χαλκὸς ἔλεψε φύλλα τε καὶ φλοιόν <span class="bibl">Il.1.236</span>; κρόμμυον λ. <span class="bibl">Eup.255</span>; <b class="b3">κυάμου κολοκάσιον</b> Nic.l.c.:—Pass., <b class="b3">κάλαμος λελαμμένος</b> <span class="title">IG</span>l.c. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> metaph., in Com. Poets, [[give a hiding to]], i.e. [[thrash]], <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Timocl.29</span>, <span class="bibl">Apollod.Car.5.10</span> (Pass.); Ἀφροδίτην <span class="title">PBerol.</span> 13426 (Gercke-Norden <span class="title">Einleitung</span>31(9)p.42). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[eat]], <span class="bibl">Antiph.135</span>; Phot. cites [[λέπτει]] (sic) = [[κατεσθίει]] from Eup. (<span class="title">Fr.</span>427). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Med., = [[δέφομαι]]: hence, [[indulge in indecent gestures]], <span class="bibl">Alex.49</span>, <span class="bibl">Mnesim.4.18</span> (anap.).</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">peel (off)</b> (Il.)<br />Other forms: aor. [[λέψαι]], fut. [[λέψω]] (Il.), perf. midd. <b class="b3">ἀπο-λέλεμμαι</b> (Epich.), aor. pass. <b class="b3">ἀπελέπη ἀπελεπίσθη</b> H.; also with ablaut [[λέλαμμαι]] (Att. inscr. around 330a), <b class="b3">ἐκ-λαπῆναι</b> (Ar. Fr. 164),<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. <b class="b2">repoto \/leptos\/</b>.<br />Compounds: Sometimes with <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> (s. above), <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Many derivv. A. With <b class="b3">ε-</b>grade (from the present): 1. [[λεπτός]] (cf. <b class="b3">στρεπ-τός</b> a.o. in Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1,17) [[peeled]] = [[unveiled]] (Υ 497), <b class="b2">thin, meager, weak, fine, delicate</b> (Il., often as 1. member. Poet. lengthened <b class="b3">λεπτ-αλέος</b> [[weak]], [[fine]] (Il.; Chantraine Form. 255), <b class="b3">λεπτ-ακινός</b>'id.' (AP; from <b class="b3">*λέπταξ</b> ?, Bechtel Lex. s. [[φυζακινός]]); further [[λεπτίον]] [[beaker]] (pap.) from [[λεπτόν]] (sc. [[κεράμιον]]) [[thin earthenware]] (pap.), [[λεπτάγιον]] kind of vase? (PHib. 1, 47, 13; IIIa; acc. to the edd. perh. = [[λεπτόγειον]] [[barren land]]), [[λεπτάριον]] name of a medic. instrument (Herm. 38, 282); <b class="b3">λεπτίτιδες κριθαί</b> kind of barley (Gp.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 113); [[λεπτότης]] f. <b class="b2">thinness, leanness etc.</b> (IA.), [[λεπτοσύνη]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (AP); [[λεπτύνω]], <b class="b3">-ομαι</b> <b class="b2">make thin etc. resp. become</b> (Hp., X., Arist.) with [[λεπτυσμός]], [[λέπτυνσις]] (Hp.), <b class="b3">-υντικός</b> (Dsc., Gal.). - 2. [[λεπρός]] <b class="b2">scaly, with eruption, uneven, raw</b> (Hp., Hippon., hell.), f. [[λεπράς]] (Theoc., Opp.); [[λέπρα]], ion. <b class="b3">-ρη</b> [[efflorescence]], [[leprosy]] (Ion., Arist., hell.), both prob. first from an <b class="b3">ρ-</b>stem (cf. Schwyzer 481); with [[λεπρώδης]] [[with unevennesses]], [[leprous]] (Ael., Dsc., medic.), [[λεπρικός]] [[regarding efflorescence]] (Dsc., pap.); denomin. verbs [[λεπράω]] [[become scaly]], [[efflorescent]] (Ion.), also <b class="b3">λεπρ-ιάω</b> (Dsc.; after the verbs of disease in <b class="b3">-ιάω</b>); [[λεπρόομαι]] [[become efflorescent]] (LXX, pap.) with [[λέπρωσις]] = [[λέπρα]] (Tz.), [[λεπρύνομαι]] [[besome scaly]], [[uneven]] (Nic.). - 3. [[λέπος]] n. (Alex., Nic., Luc.) with [[λέπιον]] (Hp.), usu. [[λεπίς]], <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. (Ion. hell.) <b class="b2">scale, shell, pod, metal plate</b> with dimin. [[λεπίδιον]] (Hero), also as plant-name [[pepperwort]] (Dsc., Gal., Ath.; as remedy against efflorescence), [[λεπιδίσκη]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Imbros IIa); further <b class="b3">λεπιδ-ωτός</b> [[scaly]] (Hdt., Arist.), with [[λεπιδόομαι]] [[become scaly]] (Hp.); other denomin.: [[λεπίζω]] (: [[λέπος]] or [[λεπίς]]) <b class="b2">remove the scale etc., peel off</b> (hell.) with [[λέπισμα]] [[scale]] (LXX, Dsc., Gal.); <b class="b3">ἐλέπουν οἷον ἐλέπιζον</b>. H. (:[[λεπόω]], <b class="b3">-έω</b>); note [[λέπασμα]] [[pod]], [[skin]] (sch. Nic. Th. 184); rather lengthened from [[λέπος]] as from <b class="b3">*λεπάζω</b>. - 4. On [[λεπάς]], [[λέπας]] s. v. - 5. [[λέπυρον]] [[scale]], [[pod]] (LXX, Batr.) with [[λεπυρώδης]] [[like scales]] (Thphr.); <b class="b3">λεπύρ-ιον</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hp., Arist., Theoc.), <b class="b3">-ιώδης</b> <b class="b2">like scales, consisting of ...</b> (Arist., Thphr.), [[λεπυρίζομαι]] [[be enveloped by a scale]] (sch.), <b class="b3">λεπυριῶσαι ἐξαχυριῶσαι</b> H.; besides [[λεπυρός]] [[in a scale]] (Nic.); on the <b class="b3">υ-</b>stem beside <b class="b3">λέπρ-α</b>, [[λέπος]] cf. e. g. [[αἶσχος]]. On itself stands [[λεπύχανον]] <b class="b2">coat (of an onion), fruit-schale</b> (Theopomp. Com., Plu., Dsc.), prob. popular cross with [[λάχανον]], s. Strömberg Wortstudien 52. - B. With <b class="b3">ο-</b>grade. 6. [[λοπός]] m. [[scale]], [[rind]] (τ 233, Hp.) with [[λόπιμος]] [[easy to peel off]], (Nic., Gal.), <b class="b3">λόπιμα κάστανα</b> ... H.; Arbenz Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 101; dimin. [[λοπάς]] f. [[dish]], also name of a crustacean and a plant-disease (com., Thphr., Luc.), with <b class="b3">λοπάδ-ιον</b> (com., pap.), <b class="b3">-ίσκος</b> (sch.); [[λοπίς]] <b class="b2">scale, dish etc.</b> (Ar., inscr.) with [[λοπίδιον]] (Delos); denomin. [[λοπάω]] <b class="b2">scale off, let the bark peel off</b> (Thphr.) with [[λοπητός]] m. [[time to be peeled off]] (Thphr.), [[λοπίζω]] [[be peeled off]] (Thphr., pap.). -7. On [[ἔλλοψ]] s. v. - C. With lengthened grade s. [[λώπη]] [[pod]], [[coat]] (Od., Theoc., A. R.), [[λῶπος]] m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Alc. [?], Hippon., Anacr., Herod.); as 1. member in <b class="b3">λωπο-δύ-της</b> m. "who travels in (foreign) clothes", [[thief of clothes]] with <b class="b3">λωποδυτ-έω</b> etc. (Att.); suffixless form <b class="b3">λώψ χλαμύς</b> H.; cf. Schwyzer 515, Chantraine Form. 424. Dimin. [[λώπιον]] (Arist., inscr.); denomin. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-λωπίζω</b> [[undress]], [[put off]] (S., Hyp.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: The primary thematic present [[λέπω]], from which all verbal forms were derived ([[λέλαμμαι]], <b class="b3">-λαπῆναι</b> innovations after [[ἔστραμμαι]], [[στραφῆναι]] etc.), has no direct agreements outside Greek. There are a few nominal formations, which resemble the Greek forms: Lith. <b class="b2">lãpas</b> [[leaf]], Alb. <b class="b2">lapë</b> [[rag]], [[leaf]], [[peritoneum]] (: [[λοπός]]), Lith. <b class="b2">lõpas</b> [[rag]], [[piece]] (: [[λῶπος]]; also OE [[lōf]] m. [[band of the forehead]]??, Holthausen IF 32, 340), with Russ. <b class="b2">lápotь</b> [[shoe of bark]] (<b class="b2">lapotók</b> [[rag]], [[piece]]); quite doubtful OE [[leber]], [[læfer]] f. [[rush]], [[cane]], [[metal plate]] (: [[λέπρα]]?; Holthausen IF 48, 255). With [[λέπος]] one compared also Lat. <b class="b2">s-</b>stem [[lepōs]] [[fine-ness]], [[delicacy]], and the Slav. extension in Russ. <b class="b2">lépest</b> <b class="b2">rag, piece, leaf of a flower</b>. Given the productivity of these formations and the varying meanings we may have parallel creations. - Further, partly very doubtful and debated forms in WP. 2, 429f., Pok. 678, W.-Hofmann s. [[lepidus]], Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">lãpas</b>, <b class="b2">lõpas</b>, also <b class="b2">lèpti</b> [[be coddled]], Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">lépest</b>, <b class="b2">lápotь</b>, <b class="b2">lópotõk</b>; with rich lit. - We can safely conclude that the verb is not IE: there is hardly a formal agreement, nor does the meaning agree well. So the verb will be Pre-Greek. Note the forms [[λεπάγιον]], [[λεπακινός]], [[λέπασμα]], [[λέπυρον]], [[λεπύχανον]], [[λέπρα]], [[λώψ]], [[λῶπος]] etc. The verb may be compared with [[ὀλόπτω]] and [[ὀλούφω]], which would also point to a non-IE word.