μάσταξ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ᾰκος, ἡ (Lyc.687), (μασάομαι) <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">that with which one chews, mouth, jaws</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπὶ μάστακα χερσὶ πίεζε</b> he stopped his [[mouth]] with his hands, <span class="bibl">Od.4.287</span>; <b class="b3">με… ἑλὼν ἐπὶ μάστακα χερσίν</b> seizing me by the [[mouth]], <span class="bibl">23.76</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Alcm.144</span>; ἀμαυρᾶς μάστακος προσφθέγμασι Lyc. l. c.; μάστακι ποππύζων <span class="title">AP</span>5.284.6 (Agath.), cf. <span class="bibl">293.16</span> (Id.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> v. [[μύσταξ]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> = [[μάσημα]], [[mouthful]], [[morsel]], ὡς δ' ὄρνις ἀπτῆσι νεοσσοῖσι προφέρῃσι μάστακ', ἐπεί κε λάβῃσι <span class="bibl">Il.9.324</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Eust.753.62</span>; μάστακα δοῖσα τέκνοισιν <span class="bibl">Theoc.14.39</span>; of the olive, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Iamb.</span>1.271</span>; others expl. in Il. l. c. as dat. <b class="b3">μάστακι</b> [[in its beak]], Apollon.<span class="title">Lex.</span> s.v. [[μάσταξ]], Plu.2.494d. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[locust]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>716</span>, <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>802</span>, Clitarch. Gloss. ap. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>216.9</span>. (Cf. <b class="b3">μέστακα</b>.)</span>

|etymtx=-ακος<br />Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[mouth]], [[mouthfull]], [[morsel]] (I 324), also metaph. [[locust]] (S. Fr. 716, Nic.; after Clitarch. ap. EM 216, 9 Ambraciotic), because of its voracity (cf. Strömberg Wortstudien 17 f.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">μαστάζω</b> [[chew]] (Nic. Th. 918), <b class="b3">συμ</b> μάσταξ (Hippiatr.), with expressive byforms: 1. <b class="b3">μασταρύζω</b> (v. l. <b class="b3">-ίζω</b>) <b class="b2">chew fervently, without uttering a word</b> (of an old man, Ar. Ach. 689); cf. <b class="b3">μασταρίζειν μαστιχᾶσθαι</b>. <b class="b3">καὶ τρέμειν</b>. <b class="b3">η σφοδρῶς η κακῶς μασᾶσθαι</b> H., <b class="b3">μαστηρύζειν τὸ κακῶς μασᾶσθαι</b> Phot.; formation like <b class="b3">κελαρύζω</b>, <b class="b3">βατταρίζω</b> etc. 2. <b class="b3">μαστιχάω</b>, only ptc. dat. sg. <b class="b3">μαστιχόωντι</b> (Hes. Sc. c389, verse-end) [[from anger chew violently]] = [[grind the teeth]], [[foam]] (of a boar), <b class="b3">μαστιχᾶσθαι</b> H. s. <b class="b3">μασταρίζειν</b> (s. above; example ?); backformation <b class="b3">μαστίχη</b> f. [[the resin of the mastixtree]] (Com. Adesp., Thphr.) with <b class="b3">μαστίχ-ινος</b> (Dsc.), <b class="b3">-ηρά</b> f. [[plaster from mastich]] (Aet.; after <b class="b3">ἐλαιηρός</b> etc.; Chantraine Form. 232 f.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Both <b class="b3">μάσταξ</b> and <b class="b3">μαστάζω</b>, which must not belong to each other directly, go back on a <b class="b3">τ-</b>derivation beside the yot-present <b class="b3">μασάομαι</b> (from <b class="b3">*μαθ-</b>ι̯-?), <b class="b3">μασ-τ-</b> (from <b class="b3">*μαθ-τ-</b>?), of which the function remains unknown. With <b class="b3">μαστάζω</b> cf. <b class="b3">βαστάζω</b>, <b class="b3">κλαστάζω</b> (: <b class="b3">κλά[σ]-ω</b>) a. o. (Schwyzer 706); with the popular <b class="b3">μάσταξ</b> e.g. <b class="b3">πόρταξ</b> (: <b class="b3">πόρτις</b>), <b class="b3">μύλαξ</b> ( : <b class="b3">μύλος</b>); on this Chantraine Form. 377ff. The in the vowel deviating <b class="b3">μέστακα την μεμασημένην τροφήν</b> H. has certainly no (IE) old full grade <b class="b2">*menth-to-</b> (since Froehde BB 7, 330), but is just folketymologically re-shaped after <b class="b3">μεστός</b> ('mouthfull'). So if we start from <b class="b3">μαθ-</b>, the word is prob. of Pre-Greek origin.<br />See also: -- Weiteres s. [[μασάομαι]].