λόφος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[back of the neck]]; of a horse, [[withers]], <span class="bibl">Il.23.508</span>; ὑποζυγίων Dsc.4.185; of a man, [[nape of the neck]], <span class="bibl">Il.10.573</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">ὑπὸ ζυγῷ λόφον ἔχειν</b> have [[the neck]] under the yoke, i.e. obey patiently, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ant.</span>292</span>; cf. εὔλοφος <span class="bibl">11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[crest of a hill]], [[ridge]], <span class="bibl">Od.11.596</span>, <span class="bibl">16.471</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.124</span>; so always in Pi., as <span class="bibl"><span class="title">O.</span>8.17</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>5.46</span>, and in <span class="bibl">Th.4.124</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>682b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[crest]] of a helmet, κυνέην… ἵππουριν, δεινὸν δὲ λόφος καθύπερθεν ἔνευεν <span class="bibl">Il.16.138</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.469</span>, <span class="bibl">15.537</span>; λεῦκοι ἴππιοι λ. <span class="bibl">Alc.15.2</span>; χρύσεος λ. <span class="bibl">Il.18.612</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">19.383</span>; τρεῖς κατασκίους λ. σείει <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>384</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>575</span>, <span class="bibl">586</span>; λόφων ἐπένευον ἔθειραι <span class="bibl">Theoc.22.186</span>; of Carian origin acc. to <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.171</span>; λ. τε σείων Κάρικον <span class="bibl">Alc.22</span>; <b class="b3">λ. ὑακινθοβαφής</b>, on a Persian helmet, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.4.2</span>; λ. τρίχινοι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>5.533.7</span> (iii B.C.); Ar. jeers at the <b class="b3">λόφοι</b> of Lamachus, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ach.</span>575</span>, <span class="bibl">586</span>, <span class="bibl">965</span> sq., <span class="bibl">1074</span>.—Rare in any of these senses in Att. Prose. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> after Hom., [[crest]] or [[tuft]] on the head of birds, whether of feathers, as the lark's crest, <span class="bibl">Simon.68</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>617b20</span>; or of flesh, as the cock's [[comb]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>496</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>1366</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>486b13</span>, Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>2.188 S.: metaph., ῥήματα… ὀφρῦς ἔχοντα καὶ λόφους <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>925</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of men, [[tuft of hair]] upon the crown, <b class="b3">λόφους κείρεσθαι</b> shave so as to leave tufts, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.175</span>; <b class="b3">Χῖος λ</b>. a [[tonsure]] in the middle of the head, <span class="bibl">Eust.1462.38</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> of large fishes, = [[λοφιά]], Plu.2.978a.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">neck of drawing animals and men, crest of a helmet, crest of a hill</b> (Il.), also <b class="b2">crest or tuft on the head of birds, of feathers or flesh</b> (Simon., Hdt., Ar., Arist.).<br />Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">γή-</b>, <b class="b3">γεώ-λοφος</b> [[earth-hill]] (Pl., X.) with illuminating first member (Risch IF 59, 268); rarely as 1. member, e.g. (<b class="b3">τὰ</b>) <b class="b3">λόφουρα</b> <b class="b2">with crest-like tail</b>, of drawing-animals and animals of burden (horses, asses, <b class="b3">τὰ ὑποζύγια</b>) as opposed to ruminants (Arist., Thphr., hell. inscr.). - Side-form <b class="b3">λόφη</b> f. [[comb]] (D.S.; after <b class="b3">κόμη</b>?).<br />Derivatives: 1. Diminut.: <b class="b3">λόφιον</b> [[small crest of helmet]] (sch.), <b class="b3">λοφίδιον</b> [[small hill]] (Ael.). Other substant.: 2. <b class="b3">λοφιά</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ιή</b> f. <b class="b2">comb for manes, hair-, breast, back-fin etc.</b> (τ 446, also Hdt., Arist.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 72 f.); 3. <b class="b3">λοφεῖον</b> [[crest-case]] (Ar.), also <b class="b3">λοφίς περικεφαλαίας θήκη</b> H. 4. <b class="b3">λοφίας</b> m. <b class="b2">fish with back-fins</b>, denomination of the <b class="b3">φάγρος</b> (Numen. ap. Ath.; like <b class="b3">ἀκανθίας</b> a.o., Chantraine Formation 94), also the first dorsal vertebra' (Poll.); in the last meaning also <b class="b3">λοφαδίας</b> (Poll.; <b class="b3">*λοφάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδιος</b>); <b class="b3">λοφιήτης</b> m. [[inhabitant of a hill]] (AP, of Pan, after <b class="b3">πολιήτης</b>). 5. <b class="b3">λόφωσις</b> m. [[crest ornament]] (Ar. Av. 291; cf. <b class="b3">ἀέτωσις</b> [s. <b class="b3">αἰετός</b>]). - 6. Adjectives: <b class="b3">λοφώδης</b> [[crest-like]], [[hilly]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">λοφόεις</b> [[crested]], [[hilly]] (Tryph., Nonn.). - 7. Verbs: <b class="b3">λοφάω</b> [[be crested]] (Babr., Ar., H.; after <b class="b3">κομάω</b>, Leumann Hom. Wörter 307 n. 77); <b class="b3">λοφίζω</b> <b class="b2">have the λ. in the hight</b> (Zonar.); <b class="b3">λοφόομαι</b> [[rise]], [[form a hill]] (Eust.). -- 8. Hypostasis: <b class="b3">καταλοφάδεια</b> adv. [[hanging down from the neck]] (κ 169 with metr. conditioned <b class="b3">-εια</b>, cf. <b class="b3">κατωμάδιος</b>, <b class="b3">κατωμαδόν</b>; Chantraine Form. 39, Gramm. hom. 1, 101 u. 176).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: As both Alc. (Z 65) and Hdt. (1, 171) consider the helmet-crest as a Carian invention, Schulze Q. 257, 4 sees in <b class="b3">λόφος</b> as [[crest of the helmet]] a Carian LW [loanword], which he, certainly wrongly, wants to separate from <b class="b3">λόφος</b> [[neck]]. - An acceptable connection gives Toch. A [[lap]] [[head]] (Schulze Kl. Schr. 252); CSl. ORuss. [[lъbъ]] [[skull]] with OCS [[lъbьnъ]] [[belonging to the skull]] (with Russ. [[lob]] [[front]], Ukr. [[ɫob]] [[front]], [[head]]) presents serious difficulties because of the vowel. Uncertain Illyr. PN <b class="b2">Otto-(Atto-)lobus</b> (Mayer Glotta 32, 83). - Lit. in Vasmer Wb. s. [[lob]], Sadnik-Aitzetmüller Hwb. zu den aksl. Texten 264 (No. 486), v. Windekens Lex. étym. s. lap. Wrong IE etymologies are rejected by Bq.