οἰωνός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[a large bird]], [[bird of prey]], οἰωνοί, φῆναι ἢ αἰγυπιοὶ γαμψώνυχες <span class="bibl">Od.16.216</span> ; of the eagle, Κρονίωνι… φίλτατος οἰωνῶν <span class="bibl">Il.24.293</span> ; called <b class="b3">οἰωνῶν βασιλεύς</b> by <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>114</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Av.</span>515</span> ; ἀρχὸς οἰ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.14</span> ; mentioned as devouring carcasses, <span class="bibl">Il.1.5</span>,<span class="bibl">22.335</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>205</span>,<span class="bibl">698</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>830</span> ; οἰωνοὶ ὠμησταί <span class="bibl">Il.11.453</span> ; θῆρές τ' οἰωνοί τε <span class="bibl">Emp.21.11</span>,<span class="bibl">130.2</span> ; <b class="b3">ὑπ' οἰωνῶν ταφέντα</b>, of corpses devoured by carrion birds, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1025</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>29</span> ; as an image of swiftness, οἰωνοῖς ἅμ' ἕπονται <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>268</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[birds]], opp. beasts, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>941.11</span> ; so in <b class="b3">οἰωνοκτόνος</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[a bird of omen]] or [[augury]], <span class="bibl">Il.12.237</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.15.532</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>801</span> ; τοὺς ἄνωθεν φρονιμωτάτους οἰωνούς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1059</span> (lyr.) ; οὔτ' ἀπ' οἰωνῶν... οὔτ' ἐκ θεῶν του γνωτόν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>395</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">398</span> ; οἰ. αἴσιοι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il. 12.237</span>, Plu.2.282d ; of augurs, <b class="b3">καθέζεσθαι ἐπ' οἰωνῶν, ἐπ' οἰωνοῖς καθῆσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rom.</span>22</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Caes.</span>47</span> ; <b class="b3">οἱ ἐπ' οἰωνοῖς ἱερεῖς</b> the [[augurs]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[omen]], [[token]], [[presage]], drawn from these birds, <span class="bibl">Il.2.859</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>873</span> ; <b class="b3">εἷς οἰ. ἄριστος ἀμύνεσθαι περὶ πάτρης</b> the one best [[omen]] is to fight for fatherland, <span class="bibl">Il.12.243</span> ; <b class="b3">οἰ. ἀγαθοί</b> good [[omens]], <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Fr.</span>134.11</span> ; <b class="b3">δέκομαι τὸν οἰ</b>. I accept the [[omen]], hail it as auspicious, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.91</span> ; οὗτος οἰ. μέγας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>788</span> ; δέδοικα… τὸν οἰ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>28</span> ; τοῦ ἔκπλου οἰ. ἐδόκει εἶναι <span class="bibl">Th.6.27</span> ; <b class="b3">οἰωνὸν θέσθαι</b> or <b class="b3">τίθεσθαι</b> take [[as an omen]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>858</span>, Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>2.151b ; εἰς οἰ. τίθεσθαι χρηστόν <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Luc.</span>36</span> ; πρὸς οἰωνοῦ τ. <span class="bibl">Ath.1.13e</span> ; οἰωνόν τινα ποιεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>702c</span> ; <b class="b3">δι' οἰωνοῦ λαμβάνειν, πρὸς οἰωνοῦ λαβεῖν</b>, <span class="bibl">D.H.2.67</span>,<span class="bibl">3.13</span> ; οἰωνοῦ χάριν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span> 249b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> as Adj., or in apposition, <b class="b3">οἰωνὸς θεά</b> the [[bird]] goddess, Lyc.721. [First syll. short in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1059</span> (lyr.).]</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">bird of prey, which is observed by the soothsayer</b> (Il.), [[prognosticating bird]], [[omen]] (Il., also in prose).<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">ὀϊωνός</b> Trypho; also Alcm. 60 B 6?).<br />Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in <b class="b3">οἰωνο-πόλος</b> m. [[interpreter of birds]] (Il., Pi., A. in lyr.; D. H. = augur).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">οἰωνίζομαι</b>, rarely w. prefix as <b class="b3">μετ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>, <b class="b2">to observe the prognosticating bird or the auspices, to deem an omen, to tell fortunes</b> (X, D., hell.) with <b class="b3">οἰων-ιστής</b> m. [[bird-interpreter]], [[augur]] (Il., Hes. Sc., D. H.), <b class="b3">-ιστικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the bird- interpreter or to soothsaying</b> (Pl., Arist.), <b class="b3">-ισμα</b> n. [[omen]] (E., LXX), <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (LXX, Plu.), <b class="b3">-ιστήριον</b> n. [[omen]] (X. Ap. 12; prob. after <b class="b3">τεκμήριον</b>), [[place for observing birds]], [[augurale]] (D.H.); <b class="b3">οἰωνευτής</b> = <b class="b3">οἰωνιστής</b> (pap., as if from <b class="b3">*οἰωνεύω</b>; cf. Kalbfleisch RhM 94, 96).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [86] <b class="b2">*h₂eu̯is</b> [[bird]]<br />Etymology: Explanation debated. Because of the equally built <b class="b3">υἱωνός</b> (: <b class="b3">υἱύς υἱός</b>) prob. best from a nominal basis; therefore already by Benfey (s. Curtius 391) connected with the IE word for [[bird]] in Lat. [[avis]], Skt. <b class="b2">vi-ṣ</b> a.o. (and <b class="b3">αἰετός</b>), with <b class="b3">ὀ-</b> for <b class="b2">a-</b> in [[avis]] a. o. explained by Schulze Kl. Schr. 662 and J. Schmidt KZ 32, 374 as vowelassimilation. By others together with <b class="b3">οἶμα</b>, <b class="b3">οἶστρος</b>, <b class="b3">ὀιστός</b> (s. vv. w. lit., also <b class="b3">οἴομαι</b>) connected with a verb [[put in vehement motion]] with <b class="b3">οἰ-</b> either from <b class="b3">οἰσ-</b> (e.g. Brugmann IF 17, 487f.) or from <b class="b3">ὀ-ισ-</b> (Brugmann IF 29, 233f.). Further lit. in Bq; s. also Belardi Doxa 3, 215 f. and Schmeja IF 68, 35 f. (who connects <b class="b3">ᾠόν</b>). - One might reconstruct <b class="b2">*h₂ou-i-on</b>.