νόσος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ep. and Ion. (not Dor., cf. <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span>1927.156 (Cyrene)) [[νοῦσος]], ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[sickness]], [[disease]], [[plague]], [[νοῦσον ἀνὰ στρατὸν ὦρσε κακήν]] (sc. Apollo), ὀλέκοντο δὲ λαοί <span class="bibl">Il.1.10</span>; νοῦσόν γ' οὔ πως ἔστι Διὸς μεγάλου ἀλέασθαι <span class="bibl">Od.9.411</span>; δολιχὴ ν. <span class="bibl">11.172</span>; νοῦσοι ἀργαλέαι <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>92</span>:— Phrases: ἐς ν. πεσεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>473</span>; ἐς ν. ἐμπίπτειν <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.20</span>; νόσον ἐμπεπτωκέναι τοῖς κτήνεσιν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.3.41</span>; μοι ν. ἐπήλυθεν <span class="bibl">Od.11.200</span>; νόσῳ ληφθέντι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>445</span>; [[κάμνειν νόσον]], [[ὑπὸ νόσου]], v. [[κάμνω; ἀσθενεῖν ταύτην τὴν νόσον]] <span class="bibl">Isoc.19.24</span>; ἐκ τῆς νούσου ἀνέστη <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.22</span>; [[θήλεα νόσος]] ib.<span class="bibl">105</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdn.4.12.2</span>; [[ἱερὰ νόσος]], v. [[ἱερός]] IV. <span class="bibl">8</span>: <b class="b3">ν</b>. defined, Gal.7.43. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> generally, [[distress]], [[anguish]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>527</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>544</span> (lyr.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[disease of mind]], esp. caused by madness, passion, vice, etc., ν. φρενῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>750</span> (troch.); [[θεία νόσος]], i.e. [[divine disease]], [[madness]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>185</span> (lyr.); [[μανιάσιν νόσος]] ib.<span class="bibl">59</span>; [[λυσσώδη νόσος]] ib.<span class="bibl">452</span>; of love, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>491</span>; Ἀφροδίτας νόσον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>767</span> (lyr.); ἀκόλαστον ἔσχε γλῶσσαν, αἰσχίστην ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Or.</span>10</span>; τῆς μεγίστης ν., ἀνοίας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>691d</span>; [[ν. καὶ στάσιν οὐ ταὐτὸν νενόμικας]]; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sph.</span>228a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[plague]], [[bane]], [[mischief]], e.g. a whirlwind is θεία νόσος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>421</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1141</span> (lyr.); of the trident of Poseidon, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>924</span> (s.v.l.); [[πεντεσύριγγος νόσος]], of the [[pillory]], Polyeuct. ap. <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Rh.</span>1411a23</span>; κτείνειν τινὰ ὡς νόσον πόλεως <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>322d</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[illness]], [[disease]], metaph. [[distress]], [[need]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: ep. Ion. <b class="b3">νοῦσος</b> (s. below).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">νοσο-ποιέω</b> [[cause disease]] (Hp.), <b class="b3">ἐπί-νοσος</b> [[a prey of disease]], [[unhealthy]] (Hp., Arist.; Strömberg Prefix Studies 85).<br />Derivatives: A. Adj.: 1. <b class="b3">νοσερός</b> [[ill]], [[unhealthy]] (Hp., E.. Arist.); 2. <b class="b3">νοσηρός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hp., X.; <b class="b3">ὑγιηρός</b> Pi., Ion.) with <b class="b3">νοσήριον</b> (H. s. <b class="b3">κηρέσιον</b>; for <b class="b3">νοσητήριον</b> or <b class="b3">νοσηρόν</b>?); 3. <b class="b3">νοσηλός</b> [[ill]], [[sickly]] (Hp.; rather from <b class="b3">νοσέω</b>, cf. Chantraine Form. 241) with <b class="b3">νοσήλια</b> n. pl. [[sick-diet]] (Opp.), <b class="b3">νοσηλεύω</b>, <b class="b3">-ομαι</b> <b class="b2">care for a patient, be ill</b> (Isoc., J.), <b class="b3">νοσηλεία</b> f. [[nursing]], [[morbidity]] (S., J., Plu.); 4. <b class="b3">νοσακερός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arist.; after Poll. 3, 105 <b class="b3">ἐσχάτως κωμικόν</b>; on <b class="b3">ακ-</b>enlargement Frisk Nom. 62ff.); 5. <b class="b3">νοσώδης</b> [[ill]], [[unhealthy]] (Hp., Att.); 6. <b class="b3">Νόσιος</b> surn. of <b class="b3">Ζεύς</b> (Miletos VI--Va). -- B. Verbs: 1. <b class="b3">νοσέω</b> [[be ill]] (Att., also Ion.) with <b class="b3">νόσημα</b> n. [[illness]] (IA.), with <b class="b3">νοσημάτιον</b> dimin. (Ar.), <b class="b3">-τικός</b>, <b class="b3">*τώδης</b> [[sickly]] (Arist.); 2. <b class="b3">νοσεύομαι</b> [[be sickly]] with <b class="b3">νόσευμα</b> [[illness]] (Hp.); 3. <b class="b3">νοσάζομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ω</b> [[be]], [[make ill]], <b class="b3">νοσίζω</b> [[make ill]] (Arist., Gal.). -- C. Substant. 1. <b class="b3">νόσανσις</b> f. [[getting ill]] (Arist.: <b class="b3">ὑγίανσις</b>; <b class="b3">*νοσαίνω</b>); 2. unclear <b class="b3">νοσίμη</b> (leg. <b class="b3">-ήμη</b>?) = <b class="b3">νόσημα</b> (Theognost.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: From <b class="b3">νόσος</b> : <b class="b3">νοῦσος</b> we conclude to <b class="b3">*νόσϜος</b> (Schulze Q. 115 with Aufrecht KZ 1, 120). Beside the also in Ionic younger <b class="b3">νοσέω</b>, ep. <b class="b3">νοῦσος</b> can also be understood as a false rewriting of <b class="b3">ΝΟΣΟΣ</b> for <b class="b3">*νόσσος</b>; then the ep. form must have been taken over by Hdt. and Hp. Schwyzer 227 a. 308, cf. Wackernagel Unt. 86; s. also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 162 and Lejeune Traité de phon. 117. -- Several explanations, which have at best hypothetic value, as Brugmann Sächs. Ges. Ber. 1897, 29ff. and IF 28, 363ff., Solmsen BphW 1906, 754f. (all noted by Bq; s. also WP. 2, 333). - The word could well be Pre-Greek (note the retained <b class="b3">-σ-</b>; not in Fur.)