πάλιν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ᾰ], poet. also πάλι (q.v), Adv. <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> of Place, [[back]], [[backwards]] (the usual sense in early Ep.), mostly joined with Verbs of going, coming, etc.; π. χώρει <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.72</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἐλεύσεται, κατελθεῖν, ἐπανέλθωμεν</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>854</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>601</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>438a</span>, etc.; κέλευθον ἥνπερ ἦλθες ἐγκόνει π. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>962</span>; δίκα καὶ πάντα π. στρέφεται <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>412</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">δεῦρο σωθήσῃ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>725</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1400</span>; <b class="b3">δόμεναι π</b>. give [[back]], [[restore]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.116</span>, etc.; π. ἀποδοῦναι <span class="bibl">And.2.23</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἀγκαλέσαι</b> to call [[back]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1021</span> (lyr.): less freq. c. gen., <b class="b3">π. τράπεθ' υἷος ἑοῖο</b> she turned [[back from]] her son, <span class="bibl">Il.18.138</span>; δόρυ Ἀχιλλῆος π. ἔτραπεν <span class="bibl">20.439</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.7.143</span>: coupled with other Advbs., π. αὖτις ἔβαινον νηὸς ἐπὶ γλαφυρῆς <span class="bibl">14.356</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.65</span>; <b class="b3">αὖ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Od.13.125</span>; ἂψ π. <span class="bibl">Il.18.280</span>; π. εἶσιν ὀπίσσω <span class="bibl">Od.11.149</span>; π. φέρεσθαι ἐξοπίσω <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span> 181</span>; <b class="b3">ἄψορρον π</b>. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>53</span>; <b class="b3">π. οἴκαδε, π. οἴκαδ' αὖ</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>792</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ra.</span>1486</span>; π. αὖ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>318e</span>, etc.: with the Art., ἡ π. ὁδός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>125</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> to express [[contradiction]], <b class="b3">π. ἐρέει</b> [[gain]]say, <span class="bibl">Il.9.56</span>; <b class="b3">π. ὅ γε λάζετο μῦθον</b> took [[back]] his word, [[unsaid]] it, <span class="bibl">4.357</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἀληθέα εἰπεῖν</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.254</span>; <b class="b3">μηδέ τῳ δόξῃ π</b>. let no one think [[contrariwise]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1045</span>: in Prose, [[contrariwise]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>482d</span>; π. αὖ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>507b</span>; <b class="b3">αὖ… π</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>27d</span>: in this sense sts. c. gen., <b class="b3">τὸ π. νεότατος</b> youth's [[opposite]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).87</span>; <b class="b3">χρόνου τὸ π</b>. [[the change]] of time, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>777</span>(lyr.); cf. [[ἔμπαλιν]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of Time, [[again]], [[once more]], rare in Hom., <span class="bibl">Il.2.276</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1166</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>1.6.11</span>, etc.: freq. coupled with <b class="b3">αὖ, αὖθις</b> (q.v.); π. ἐξ ἀρχῆς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>997</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. καὶ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Str.17.1.3</span>, Plu.2.565d, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>1.4</span>; <b class="b3">ἔγχει καὶ π. εἰπέ, π. π. Ἡλιοδώρας</b>" <span class="title">AP</span>5.135 (Mel.): both senses (I and II) are appropriate in <span class="bibl">Od.16.456</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>322b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[in turn]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>371</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>342</span>, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Dian.</span>87</span>, etc.; π. ὁ Κῦρος ἠρώτα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 1.6.7</span>; π. ἀπαιτῶ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>612d</span>; [[again]], <b class="b3">πρῶτον μέν… ἔπειτα π</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span> 1289b29</span>, etc. (In compos. <b class="b3">πάλιν</b> sts. means [[doubly]], as in <b class="b3">παλιμμήκης, παλίνσκιος</b>.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: Adv.<br />Meaning: [[backwards]], [[in the reverse direction]] (Il.), [[again]], [[anew]] (since 5. c.).<br />Other forms: (hell. poetry a.o. also <b class="b3">πάλι</b>).<br />Compounds: As 2. member in orig. preposit. expressions as <b class="b3">ἔμ-παλιν</b> [[reversely]], [[on the contrary]], <b class="b3">ἀνά-παλιν</b> [[backwards]], [[aback]] with <b class="b3">ἀναπαλ-εύω</b> [[to take back]], [[to cancel]] (pap.). Very often as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">παλίν-ορσος</b> (s. <b class="b3">ὄρρος</b>), <b class="b3">παλίωξις</b> f. [[pursuit in turn]], [[counterattack]] (Il., App.) from <b class="b3">*παλι-Ϝίωξις</b> (<b class="b3">παλι</b> after other 1. members in <b class="b3">-ι</b>, not old stemform), comp. from <b class="b3">πάλιν Ϝιώκειν</b> (Schwyzer 644, Porzig Satzinhalte 191 f., Benveniste Noms d'agent 77 a. 81; to be rejected Bechtel Lex. s.v.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [639] <b class="b2">*kʷel(H)-</b> [[turn]]<br />Etymology: Frozen acc. of a subst. <b class="b3">*πάλις</b> [[turning]], [[turn]] (from [[πέλομαι]]; s. also [[πάλαι]]), first as acc. of content in cases like <b class="b3">παλιν ἰέναι</b>, <b class="b3">βαίνειν</b>, <b class="b3">διδόναι</b>. Extensively Solmsen Wortforsch. 157 ff. (also on analog. <b class="b3">πάλι</b>); cf. Schwyzer 621. On the <b class="b3">α-</b>vowel cf. <b class="b3">ἅλις</b>, <b class="b3">σπάνις</b> (from <b class="b2">*kʷl̥H-i-</b>?).