πέλας: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Adv. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[near]], [[hard by]], c. gen., which commonly stands before π., Τηλεμάχου π. ἵστατο <span class="bibl">Od.15.257</span> ; <b class="b3">Νείλου π</b>. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Supp.</span>308</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span> 1038</span>, <span class="bibl">1671</span> ; <b class="b3">καὶ τάδ' ἀγχόνης π</b>. <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Heracl.</span>246</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HF</span>1109</span> ; also before its case, π. τῆς Κασταλίης <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.39</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">138</span> ; αὕτη π. σοῦ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span> 1474</span> ; separated from its case, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>580</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. dat., <b class="b3">π. ἐμβόλῳ, σκάπτῳ π</b>., <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">O.</span>7.18</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>11.4</span> ; <b class="b3">σοὶ π</b>. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Supp.</span>208</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>102</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> abs., χριμφθεὶς πέλας <span class="bibl">Od.10.516</span> ; <b class="b3">π. στείχειν, παρεῖναι, παραστατεῖν</b>, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Or.</span>877</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>83</span>, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>669</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">οἱ π</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">ὄντες</b>) [[one's neighbours]], <span class="bibl">Democr.293</span>, <span class="bibl">Antipho Soph.58</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.97</span>, <span class="bibl">Critias 15.6</span> D., <span class="bibl">Th. 1.69</span>, <span class="bibl">4.78</span>,<span class="bibl">92</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">EN</span>1169a14</span>, etc. ; <b class="b2">one's fellow creatures</b>, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Heracl.</span> 2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hipp.</span>441</span> ; <b class="b3">τὰ τῶν πέλας κακά</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τὰ οἰκήϊα</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.152</span> : sg., <b class="b3">ὁ π</b>. [[one's neighbour]], <span class="bibl">Id.3.142</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.32</span> ; πᾶς τις αὑτὸν τοῦ π. μᾶλλον φιλεῖ <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Med.</span>86</span> ; cf. [[πλησίον]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Sup. <b class="b3">πελαστάτω</b> [[nearest]], Hp. <span class="title">Loc. Hom.</span> 12, 45, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mul.</span>1.66</span> : a Sup. Adj. <b class="b3">πελάστατος, η, ον</b>, <span class="title">IG</span>14.352 ii65 (Halaesa).</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: Adv.<br />Meaning: [[near]], [[nearby]] (Od.); <b class="b3">ὁ πέλας</b> [[nearest one]], [[neighbour]], [[next one]] (IA.). Beside it 1. the nasalpresent <b class="b3">πίλναμαι</b> (<b class="b3">πίλ-ν-α-μαι</b>), <b class="b3">-νάω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>, [[to draw near]] (Il.; for the formation cf. <b class="b3">κίρνημι</b> s. <b class="b3">κεράννυ-μι</b>); 2. the athem. aor. <b class="b3">πλῆ-το</b> (Il.), with which <b class="b3">ἐπλά-θην</b> (trag. in lyr.), <b class="b3">πέ-πλη-μαι</b> (Od.), <b class="b3">πλά-θω</b> (trag. in lyr.); 3. the <b class="b3">σ-</b>aor. <b class="b3">πελά-σ(σ)αι</b> [[to draw near]], also [[to bring near]], midd. <b class="b3">-σασθαι</b>, pass. <b class="b3">-σθῆναι</b> (Il.), to which as new presents <b class="b3">πελάζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἐμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b> (Ε 766), <b class="b3">πελάθω</b> (trag. in lyr.), <b class="b3">πελάω</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμ-</b> πέλας (h. Hom. 7, 44, hell.); fut. <b class="b3">πελῶ</b> (Att.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">πελά-της</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">-τας</b> m. [[one who comes near]], [[serf]], [[jobber]] (trag., Pl.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 42), f. <b class="b3">-τις</b> (Plu.), with <b class="b3">-τικός</b> (D.H.); <b class="b3">ἐμπελά-τειρα</b> f. = <b class="b3">πελάτις</b> (Call., Euph.); 2. <b class="b3">πέλα-σις</b> f. (<b class="b3">ἐμ-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>) [[approach]] (S.E., Procl.); 3. <b class="b3">ἄ-πλη-τος</b> (ep.), <b class="b3">ἄ-πλα-τος</b> (Dor., trag.) [[unapproachable]], [[appalling]]; 4. <b class="b3">πλᾶ-τις</b>, <b class="b3">-ιδος</b> f. [[wife]] (Ar., Lyc.); 5. <b class="b3">τειχεσι-πλῆτα</b> voc. surn. of Ares (Ε 31, 455; meaning unclear, cf. below and Fraenkel l.c.); 6. <b class="b3">πλήτης πλησιαστής</b> H. (from 5. concluded?). -- On [[δασπλῆτις]] s. v. -- Old adv. <b class="b3">πλησίον</b> (Il.), Aeol. <b class="b3">πλά-σιον</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">πλατίον</b> [[near]], beside which the adj. <b class="b3">πλησίος</b> [[standing nearby]], [[neighbouring]] (ep. ion. Il.); as 1. member e.g. in <b class="b3">πλησιό-χωρος</b> [[neighbouring]] (IA.). From this <b class="b3">πλησι-ότης</b> f. [[neighbourhood]] (A. D.); <b class="b3">πλησι-άζω</b> (Dor. <b class="b3">πλατι-</b>) <b class="b2">to approach, to accompany, to associate with</b> (Att.) with <b class="b3">-ασμός</b>, <b class="b3">-ασμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ασις</b> (Arist.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [801] <b class="b2">*pelh₂-</b> [[push]]<br />Etymology: No certain agreement outside Greek. After Lobeck in Curtius 278 orig. "striking against (anstoßend)" (cf. <b class="b3">ἴκταρ</b> with several meaning parallels); further to Lat. [[pellō]] [[push]], Celt., e.g. OIr. [[ad-ella]] (< <b class="b2">*pel-nā-t</b> = Lat. [[appellat]]) [[visits]], fut. [[eblaid]] < <b class="b2">*pi-plā-seti</b> [[will drive]] (Froehde BB. 3, 308 resp. Vendryes MSL 16, 301 f.). Traces of this more concrete meaning can perh. still be found in expressions like <b class="b3">πέλασε χθονί</b> [[threw to the ground]], <b class="b3">ὀδύνησι πελάζειν</b> [[sink in sorrow]]; also in <b class="b3">τειχεσι-πλῆτα</b> as surn. of Ares ("wall-stormer ?). So <b class="b3">πέλας</b> as old nom. (- acc.; Schwyzer 516 n. 620) prop. "(first) push"; similar <b class="b3">πλατίον</b>, <b class="b3">πλησίον</b> lengthened from an adverbial <b class="b3">*πλα-τ-ι</b> (Schw. 621, 623)? The weakness of this in itself quite possible explanation lies in the absence of certain morphological criteria; the Celt. forms seem to agree in ablaut with the Greek ones (IE <b class="b2">*pelh₂-</b>, <b class="b2">plā-</b>); cf. OIr. [[adella]] [[visits]] and <b class="b3">πλησιάζει</b> [[associates with]]. Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 57f., Pok. 801 f., W.-Hofmann s. [[pellō]]. Vgl. [[πλήν]], [[πλήσσω]].