πορφύρα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<b class="b3">[ῠ</b>], Ion. πορφύρ-η, ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[purple-fish]], [[Murex trunculus]] and [[Purpura haemastoma]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>504</span>, <span class="bibl">Archipp.23</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>528a10</span>, al., Speus. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.3.86c</span>; τρέφουσα… πορφύρας ἰσάργυρον κηκῖδα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 959</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[purple dye obtained from it]], Sapph.44, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.22</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc. 12.39</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>847c</span>; ἡ π. ἡ θαλαττία <span class="bibl">Phylarch.45</span> J., etc.; π. βαθυτάτη <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>4.36</span>; used as an application, βρέξαντες ἐν [τῷ νάρδῳ] τὴν π. ἐπιτιθέναι Orib.<span class="title">Eup.</span>3.2. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> = [[πορφυρίς]] 1, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Aem.</span>23</span>, etc.: in pl., [[cloths of purple]], πορφύρας πατῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>957</span>: collectively in sg., κωμῳδοῖς… πορφύραν εἰσφέρων, ὥσπερ οἱ Μεγαρεῖς <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1123a23</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[purple stripe]] or other [[adornment]] of a garment, τῆς σκιᾶς τὴν π. πρῶτον ἐνυφαίνουσ', εἶτα μετὰ τὴν π. τοῦτ' ἔστιν οὔτε λευκὸν οὔτε π. ἀλλ' ὥσπερ αὐγὴ τῆς κρόκης κεκραμένη <span class="bibl">Men.561</span>; ποτικεφάλαια… μὴ ἔχοντα μήτε σκιὰν μήτε πορφύραν <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1390.24 (Andania, i B.C.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1141.41</span> (i B.C.), <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Par.</span>58</span>, Gal.18(2).791; <b class="b3">π. πλατεῖα</b>, = Lat. [[latus clavus]], <span class="bibl">Plb.10.26.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span>108</span> (pl.); <b class="b3">π</b>. alone, <span class="title">IGRom.</span>3.1422 (Prusias). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> metaph., σελήνη οὐρανοῦ π. <span class="bibl">Secund.<span class="title">Sent.</span>6</span>. (Perh. formed from πορφύρεος <span class="bibl">11</span>, cf. <b class="b3">μαρμαίρω, μαρμάρεος, μάρμαρος</b>.) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">purple dye, purple-snail, purple clothes</b> (Sapph., Hdt., A.).<br />Other forms: Ion. <b class="b3">-ρη</b>.<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">πορφυρό-ζωνος</b> [[with a purple girdle]] (B.), <b class="b3">παμ-πόρφυρος</b> <b class="b2">consisting only of purple, all-purple</b> (Pi.), <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-πόρφυρος</b> [[something purple]] (Thphr., Arist.; Strömberg Prefix Studies 104f., 138); also <b class="b3">ἁλι-πόρφυρος</b> <b class="b2">of sea-purple, dyed with real purple, purple-red</b> (Od.); diff. Marzullo Maia 3, 132 ff., Il problema Omerico 255.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">πορφύρ-εος</b>, Att. <b class="b3">-οῦς</b>, Aeol. <b class="b3">-ιος</b> [[purple]], [[purple dye]], of cloth(e)s, also of blood etc. (Il.; cf. on <b class="b3">πορφύρω</b>). 2. <b class="b3">-εύς</b> m. <b class="b2">purple-snail fisher</b> (Hdt., Arist.; Bosshardt 56) with <b class="b3">-ευτικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to πορφυρεύς (-ευτής?)</b> (E., Poll.; prob. after <b class="b3">ἁλιευ-τικός</b>; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 63 n. 1, Chantraine Études 119), <b class="b3">-εύω</b> <b class="b2">to fish for purple-snails</b> (Philostr.), <b class="b3">-ευτής</b> m. = <b class="b3">-εύς</b> (Poll.). 3. <b class="b3">-ίς</b> f. [[purple garment]] (X.), also name of a bird (Ibyc.; Thompson Birds s. v.). 4. <b class="b3">-ιον</b> n. dimin. (Arist.), also [[purpur cloth]] (pap.). 5. <b class="b3">-εῖον</b> n. <b class="b2">purple-dye-house</b> (Str.). 6. <b class="b3">-ίτης</b> (<b class="b3">λίθος</b>), f. <b class="b3">-ῖτις</b> <b class="b2">porphyry(-like), containing porphyry</b> (Plin., inscr., ostr.; Redard 59), <b class="b3">-ιτικός</b> [[containing porphyry]] (pap.). 7. <b class="b3">-ίων</b> m. [[purple coot]], [[Fulica porphyrion]] (Ar., Arist.; Thompson s.v., Chantraine Form. 165). 8. <b class="b3">-ική</b> f. <b class="b2">purple-(toll) taxes</b> (pap. IIa). 9. <b class="b3">-ώματα τῶν ταῖς θεαῖς τυθέντων χοίρων τὰ κρέα</b> H. 10. <b class="b3">-ίζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>, to [[be purple coloured]] (Arist., Thphr.). 11. PlN, e.g. <b class="b3">Πορφυρ- ίς</b>, <b class="b3">-εών</b>.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Whether <b class="b3">πορφύρα</b> orig. indicated the purple-colour or the purple-snail, may remain open; for the priority of the first speaks decidedly the date of the attestations. Because of the technical nature of the word a loan from a Mediterranean language is clearly most probable (Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 207), though up to now no convincing connection has been found (to be rejected Lewy Fremdw. 128). Old connection with <b class="b3">πορφύρω</b> (Curtius 303 w. lit.) does not convince factually, but secondary mutual inflence is undeniable. On <b class="b3">πορφύρα</b>, <b class="b3">-ύρεος</b>, <b class="b3">-ύρω</b> Vieillefond REGr. 51, 403 ff.; further Castrignanò Maia5, 1 18 ff. and Gipper Glotta 42, 39 ff. -- Lat. LW [loanword] [[purpura]], from where [[purple]] etc.