πῆχυς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(Aeol. πᾶχυς <span class="bibl">Alc.33</span>), ὁ, gen. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> πήχεος <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>2</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.178</span>, Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.126d, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mir.</span>813a10</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ex.</span>25.9</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Plb.10.44.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>73.42</span>, πήχεως <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>606a14</span> (v.l. -εος), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>484.10</span> (iii B.C.), <b class="b3">πήχως</b> (condemned by Phryn.222) corrected to πήχεος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>665.1</span> (iii B. C.) : gen. pl. πήχεων <span class="title">IG</span>12.314.39, 22.1673.15, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>353.10</span> (iii B. C.); later contr. πηχῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.7.16</span> codd., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1302b37</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>54.4</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PStrassb.</span>85.20</span> (ii B. C.), <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Sign.</span>2</span>, Phryn.222, Moer.p.327 P.:—[[forearm]], from wrist to elbow, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>2</span>, <span class="bibl">3</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Poll.2.140</span> ; opp. <b class="b3">βραχίων</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>75a</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Eq.</span>12.5</span>: in Poets, generally, [[arm]], ἀμφὶ δ' ἑὸν φίλον υίὸν ἐχεύατο πήχεε λευκώ <span class="bibl">Il.5.314</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.17.38</span>, <span class="bibl">23.240</span> ; <b class="b3">λευκὸν ἀντείνασα π</b>. B.<span class="title">Fr.</span>13.4, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1466</span> (lyr.) ; <b class="b3">λαιὸν ἔπαιρε π</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>728</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Anat., [[ulna]], <span class="bibl">Ruf.<span class="title">Onom.</span>80</span>, <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>2.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Sor.<span class="title">Fract.</span>20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">centrepiece, which joined the two horns of the bow</b>, τόν ῥ' [ὀϊστὸν] ἐπὶ πήχει ἑλὼν ἕλκεν νευρήν <span class="bibl">Od.21.419</span> ; ὁ δὲ τόξου πῆχυν ἄνελκε <span class="bibl">Il.11.375</span>, <span class="bibl">13.583</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> in pl., [[horns of the lyre]], opp. <b class="b3">ζυγόν</b> (the bridge), <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.192</span> ; πήχεις ἐναρμόσας καὶ ζυγώσας <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DDeor.</span>7.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> also, = [[ζυγόν]], [[crosspiece]] or [[bridge]] in which the horns were fitted, Artemo Hist.<span class="bibl">12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> in the balance, [[beam]], IG22.1013.32, <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span> 29. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> as a measure of length, <b class="b2">distance from the point of the elbow to that of the middle finger</b>, = 6 <b class="b3">παλασταί</b> = 24 <b class="b3">δάκτυλοι</b>, <span class="bibl">Poll.2.158</span> ; π. μέτριος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.178</span> ; <b class="b3">π. ἰδιωτικός, κοινός</b>, Sch.<span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cat.</span>16</span> ; but <b class="b3">π. βασιλήϊος</b>, = <span class="bibl">27</span> <b class="b3">δάκτυλοι</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.178</span>, <span class="bibl">7.117</span> ; ὁ Αἰγύπτιος π. τυγχάνει ἴσος ἐὼν τῷ Σαμίῳ <span class="bibl">Id.2.168</span>, cf. Luc. l. c. ; for later measurements, Hero <span class="title">Deff.</span>131, <span class="title">Geom.</span>4.2,al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[cubit-rule]], as we say 'foot-rule', <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ra.</span>799</span>, Gal.1.47 ; π. ἀκαμπής <span class="title">AP</span>6.204 (Leon.) ; as epith. of Nemesis, <span class="title">APl.</span>4.223, 224. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> metaph. of any small amount (cf. [[πήχυιος]]), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>6.27</span> ; <b class="b3">κατὰ πῆχυν</b> [[little]] by [[little]], Marin.<span class="title">Procl.</span>26. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> <b class="b3">πήχεις, οἱ</b>, the [[cubits]] (of inundation), represented in pictures as children one cubit high playing round the Nile, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Rh.Pr.</span>6</span>, <span class="bibl">Philostr. <span class="title">Im.</span>1.5</span>. (Cf. Skt. [[bāhú]]-, Avest. [[bāzu]]- (masc.) 'arm', ONorse [[bógr]] 'shoulder'.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[forearm]], [[arm]] (cf. <b class="b3">βραχίων</b>), also as measure = [[cubit]] and metaph. in diff. meanings (Il.).<br />Other forms: Dor. Aeol. <b class="b3">πᾶχυς</b>, <b class="b3">-εος</b>, <b class="b3">-εως</b>.<br />Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">δί-πηχυς</b> [[two cubits long]] (IA.).<br />Derivatives: 1. dimin. <b class="b3">πηχίσκος</b> m. (Anon. ap. Suid.); 2. adj. <b class="b3">πηχυ-αῖος</b> (IA., <b class="b3">παχυ-</b> Epich.), <b class="b3">-ιος</b> (Mimn., A. R.) [[cubits long]]; 3. verbs: <b class="b3">πηχίζω</b> [[to measure by the cubit]] (LXX) with <b class="b3">πηχ-ισμός</b> m. [[measuring by the cubit]] (LXX, pap.), <b class="b3">-ισμα</b> n. [[cubit-measure]] (Sm.); <b class="b3">πηχύνω</b> (<b class="b3">περι-</b>πῆχυς) [[to embrace]] (hell. a. late epic).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [108] <b class="b2">*bʰeh₂gʰu-</b> [[lower arm]], [[elbow]]<br />Etymology: Old inherited name of a member, in several languages retained: Skt. <b class="b2">bāhú-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">bāzu-</b> m. <b class="b2">lower arm, arm, foreleg of an animal</b>, Germ., e.g. OWNo. [[bōgr]], OHG [[buog]] m. <b class="b2">the upper part of the foreleg, Bug</b>; IE <b class="b2">*bhāǵhu-</b>; here, with unclear transformation of the stem, Toch. A [[poke]], B obl. [[pokai]] [[arm]] (on the phonetics v. Windekens Orbis 11, 191 f. a. 12, 190). Also on Italic bottom the word was once alive, if with Pisani KZ 71, 44 Lat. [[trifāx]], <b class="b2">-ācis</b> [[a three ell long weapon]] as Oscan LW [loanword] belongs here. -- A basic verb, IE <b class="b2">*bhaǵh-</b>, Benveniste BSL 52, 60 ff. wants to see on Iran. soil in Oss. <b class="b2">i-væz-</b> [[stretch out]] (Iran. <b class="b2">*baz-</b>); not very credible, cf. Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">bāhúḥ</b> w. lit. (the short vowel makes a problem.