ἀθρόος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=α, ον, (ος, ον <span class="bibl">D.19.228</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>675b21</span>, etc.), ἁθρόος in Hom. acc. to Aristarch. ap. Sch.Ven.ll.<span class="bibl">14.38</span> and Att.(also some times ἅθρους, ουν, as <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>633</span>, <span class="bibl">Hyp.<span class="title">Eux.</span>33</span>, <span class="bibl">D.27.35</span>), poet.acc.pl. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἁθρόᾰς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>106</span>; dat. pl. ἁθροῖσιν <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span>1034 26 (Callipolis):—but in later writers the spir. lenis prevailed: (ἀ- 11, <b class="b3">θρόος</b>):—[[in crowds]], [[heaps]], or [[masses]], [[crowded together]], Hom. only in pl., as <span class="bibl">Il.2.439</span>, al.; ἁθρόοι . . ἅπαντες <span class="bibl">Od.3.34</span>, etc.: sg. first in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.35</span>; <b class="b3">ἀθρόοι</b>, of soldiers, [[in close order]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.112</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.10.13</span>, etc.; opp. <b class="b3">ἀσύντακτοι</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.1.46</span>; [[in column]], ib.<span class="bibl">5.3.36</span>; <b class="b3">πολλαὶ κῶμαι ἁ</b>. [[close together]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>7.3.9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[together]], [[in a body]], <b class="b3">ἁθρόα πάντ' ἀπέτεισε</b> he paid for all [[at once]], <span class="bibl">Od.1.43</span>; <b class="b3">ἁ. πόλις</b> the citizens [[as a whole]], opp. <b class="b3">καθ' ἕκαστον</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.60</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.141</span>; ἁ. δύναμις <span class="bibl">Id.2.39</span>; <b class="b3">ἁ. ἦν αὐτῷ τὸ στράτευμα</b> was [[assembled]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.22</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ ἁ</b>. their [[assembled force]], ib.<span class="bibl">4.2.20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>5.2.1</span>; <b class="b3">ἁθρόῳ στόματι</b> with [[one]] voice, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>725</span>; <b class="b3">ἁ. δάκρυ</b> [[one flood of]] tears, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HF</span>489</span>; <b class="b3">ἁ. λόγος</b> [[a flood of]] words, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 344d</span>; <b class="b3">ἁθρόους κρίνειν</b> to condemn [[all by a single vote]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>32b</span>; πολλοὺς ἁ. ὑμῶν <span class="bibl">D.21.131</span>; <b class="b3">ἄθρους ὤφθη</b> was seen [[with all his forces]], <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Them.</span>12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sull.</span>12</span>; <b class="b3">ἁ. λεγόμενον</b> used in a [[collective]] sense, opp. <b class="b3">κατὰ μέρος</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>182a</span>; <b class="b3">ἀθρόας γινομένης μεταβολῆς</b> taking place [[all at once]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>186a15</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἐκ προσαγωγῆς</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1308b16</span>; <b class="b3">κατήριπεν ἀ</b>. he fell [[all at once]], <span class="bibl">Theoc. 13.50</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">25.252</span>; <b class="b3">ἀθρόαι πέντε νύκτες</b> five [[whole]] nights, Pi<span class="title">P.</span>4.130; κατάστασις ἀθρόα καὶ αἰσθητή <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Rh.</span>1369b34</span>; <b class="b3">κάθαρσις ἀ</b>., opp. <b class="b3">κατ' ὀλίγον</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>582b7</span>; <b class="b3">καταπιεῖν ἅθρους τεμαχίτας</b> [[at a gulp]], <span class="bibl">Eub.9</span>, cf. Plu.2.650c, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀθρόον ἐκκαγχάζειν</b> [[burst out]] laughing, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1150b11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Ep.</span>17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[continuous]], κίνησις <span class="bibl">Plot.3.7.8</span>, cf. ib.<span class="bibl">1</span> (Comp.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[sudden]], <b class="b3">ἔφοδος</b> Malch.<span class="bibl">p.412</span> D.; <b class="b3">τῷ ἀ. μὴ καταπλαγῆναι</b> Men.Prot.p.68 D.:— this sense may perh. be found in Plu. <span class="title">Them.</span> l.c., <span class="title">Sull.</span>l.c. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἀθρόον, τό,</b> = [[ἄθροισμα]] <span class="bibl">11</span>, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.16U.</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>314</span>, Zeno Sidon. ap. Phld.<span class="title">Herc.</span>1005.7. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[complete]], [[overwhelming]], ἀ. κακότης <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span> 2.35</span>; [[continuous]], [[incessant]], πνεῦμα <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>367a30</span>; [[concentrated]], of noise, <span class="bibl">D.H. <span class="title">Comp.</span>22</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> Adv. <b class="b3">ἀθρόον</b> [[all at once]]; ἄθρουν [[in one payment]], PPetr.2p.27, cf. <span class="bibl">D. 27.35</span>; [[generally]], εἰρῆσθαι <span class="bibl">Aret. <span class="title">SA</span>1.6</span>:—regul. Adv. ἀθρόως <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>2.25</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>533b10</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀ. λέγειν</b> to speak [[collectively]] or [[generally]], <span class="bibl">Aristid.<span class="title">Rh.</span>2.547S.</span> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[suddenly]], ἀετὸς ἀ. φανείς <span class="bibl">Hsch.Mil.4.11</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">19</span>(perh.also in Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> l.c.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> Comp. ἁθροώτερος <span class="bibl">Th.6.34</span>, etc.; ἀθρουστέρα Phylotim. ap.<span class="bibl">Ath.3.79b</span>: Sup. ἀθρούστατος <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span>20</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[in crowds]], [[crowded together]] (Il.).<br />Dialectal forms: Att. <b class="b3">ἁθρόος</b> (spiritus asper restored after <b class="b3">ἅπας</b>, <b class="b3">ἅμα</b>?)<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἀθροίζω</b> (<b class="b3">ἁ-</b>) [[gather together]] (Archil.)<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Compared with Skt. <b class="b2">sadhry-àñc-</b> [[directed to one goal]] (Brugmann Totalität 14ff.); formerly analyzed as containing the root <b class="b2">*dʰer-</b> [[hold]], but this is no longer maintained by EWAia. (not to <b class="b3">ἀθρέω</b>, <b class="b3">θρόνος</b>). <b class="b3">ἁ-</b> < <b class="b2">*sm̥-</b> is convincing, but further uncertain. - Risch Wortbild.179 compares <b class="b3">ἀλλό-θροος</b> (so [[calling together]]?).