κόλος: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: of cows and goats [[hornless]], [[with not fullgrown horns]] (Hdt., TheoC., Nic., H.), of a spear [[without point]] (Π 117), of battle [[broken off]] (sch. as name of [[Θ]]).<br />Compounds: As 1. member in [[κόλουρος]] [[with short tail]] (Plu.), as mathem. and astron. term [[stump]] (Hipparch. Astr., Hero, Nicom.); with [[κολουραῖος]] [[broken off]], [[steep]] ([[πέτρα]], Call.), [[κολούρα]] <b class="b2">hill etc.</b> (Hermione, Epid.), <b class="b3">κολουρίᾳ τῃ̃ ἀποτομίᾳ</b>, <b class="b3">κολουρῖτις γῆ</b>. [[Σικελοί]] H., [[κολούρωσις]] = [[κολόβωσις]] (Iamb.); Lat. LW [loanword] [[clūra]] [[ape]] (W.-Hofmann s. v., Leumann Sprache 1, 206 n. 8). -<br />Derivatives: After <b class="b3">κόλ-ουρος</b> prob.(?) <b class="b3">κόλ-ερος</b> <b class="b2">with short-sheared wool-fleece</b> (Arist.; oppos. <b class="b3">εὔ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἔπ-ερος</b>; s. [[εἶρος]]); further <b class="b3">κολόχειρ χείραργος</b> H. - Derived from [[κόλος]] or closely related two verbs: 1. [[κολάζω]], [[κολάσαι]], rarely with <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀντι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b2">wring in, chastise, punish, cut</b> (IA); prob. denomin. [[κόλασις]] [[chastisment]] (IA.), <b class="b3">-ασμα</b> (Ar., X.), <b class="b3">-ασμός</b> (Plu.) <b class="b2">id.</b>; [[κολαστής]] [[punisher]] (trag., also Pl., Lys.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 36f.), also [[κολαστήρ]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arr.), with f. [[κολάστρια]] (Ezek.), [[κολάστειρα]] (AP); [[κολαστήριον]], adj. <b class="b3">-ος</b> [[punishment]], [[punishing]] (X., Ph.), [[κολαστικός]] [[punishing]] (Pl.). - 2. [[κολούω]], [[κολοῦσαι]], somet. with <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, [[mutilate]], [[limit]] (Il.); formation unclear; (cf. Schwyzer 683, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 374; s. also on [[κωλύω]]). From it [[κόλουσις]] [[docking]], [[cutting short]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">κολούσματα κλάσματα</b> H.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: The archaic and dying [[κόλος]], which was in a way replaced by the expressive form [[κολοβός]], partly also by <b class="b3">κόλ-ουρος</b>, belongs as verbal noun to a Balto-Slavic, in Greek replaced by [[κολάπτω]] (s. v.) primary verb meaning <b class="b2">beat, hew, cut off, break off</b>, which left in Greek several continuants, s. [[κλάω]], [[κελεός]] m. (uncertain, improbable). The remarkable barytonesis (Schwyzer 459) may be connected with the passive meaning; perhaps [[κόλος]] was like [[stump]] orig. a substantive. A formal parallel is OCS [[kolъ]] [[πάσσαλος]], Russ. [[kol]] [[pole]] (prop. "splitoff, cut off piece of wood"?; cf. [[σκῶλος]] [[pointed pole]] to [[σκάλλω]]?); with lengthened grade Lith. <b class="b2">kuõlas</b> [[pole]]. - The further history of [[κόλος]] is uncertain because the word is not often attested; so we don't know, whether we must start from a general meaning like [[stump]] or from a word with a special meaning, like [[hornless]] (from *broken off v. t.); cf. the history of [[κόλουρος]].- The parallels adduced are not very convincing; the verbs [[κολάπτω]], [[κολούω]], of unclear formation, point rather to a Pre-Greek complex.