ἐλέγχω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">Od.21.424</span>, etc.: fut. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἐλέγξω <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1043</span>, etc.: aor. ἤλεγξα <span class="bibl">Il.9.522</span>, etc.:—Pass., fut. ἐλεγχθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.4.10</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.7.2</span>: aor. ἠλέγχθην Antipho l.c., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>458a</span>, etc.: pf. ἐλήλεγμαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>805c</span>: 3sg. <b class="b3">ἐλήλεγκται</b> Antiphol.c. (<b class="b3">ἐξ-ηλεγμένοι</b> is f.l. in <span class="bibl">Lys. 6.44</span>): plpf. ἐξ-ελήλεγκτο <span class="bibl">D.32.27</span>:—[[disgrace]], [[put to shame]], <b class="b3">μῦθον ἐ</b>. [[treat]] a speech [[with contempt]], <span class="bibl">Il.9.522</span>; <b class="b3">ἐ. τινά</b> [[put]] one [[to shame]], <span class="bibl">Od. 21.424</span>.—This usage is only Ep. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[cross-examine]], [[question]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.115</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>18d</span>, etc.; μὴ 'λεγχε τὸν πονοῦντα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>919</span>; φύλαξ ἐλέγχων φύλακα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>260</span>; τί ταῦτ' ἄλλως ἐλέγχεις <b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>333</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">783</span>; ἔλεγχ', ἐλέγχου <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>857</span>; ἐ. τινὰ περί τινος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pl.</span>574</span>; ἕνεκά τινος <span class="bibl">Antiph.207.10</span>; τὰς ἀρχὰς βασάνοις χρώμενοι ἐλεγχόντων <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>946c</span>: c. acc. et inf., [[accuse]] one of doing, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1058</span>:—Pass., to [[be convicted]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.24</span>,<span class="bibl">117</span>; ἐλεγχόμενοι εἴ τι περιγένοιτο τῶν χρημάτων <span class="bibl">D.35.36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>331c</span>, <span class="bibl">331d</span>: with part., ἐλεγχθεὶς διαφθείρας <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.3.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.4.10</span>; ἐλεγχθήσεται γελοῖος ὤν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.7.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[test]], [[bring to the proof]], ἀνδρῶν ἀρετὰν παγκρατὴς ἐλέγχει ἀλάθεια B.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 10.2; <b class="b3">πρᾶγμ' ἐ</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1351</span> (Pass., τὸ πρᾶγμ' ἐλεγχθέν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>485</span>); λόγον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>242b</span> (Pass., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>161e</span>): with subject. clause, <b class="b3">ἐ. τινά, εἰ</b>... <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>851</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1232</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[prove]], <b class="b3">τοῦτο ἐ. ὡς</b> . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>273b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sph.</span>256c</span>: abs., [[bring convincing proof]], <b class="b3">ὡς ἡ ἀνάγκη ἐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.22</span>; <b class="b3">αὐτὸ τὸ ἔργον ἐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Th.6.86</span>; περί τινος <span class="bibl">D.21.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[refute]], [[confute]], <b class="b3">τινά</b> or τι, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>470c</span>, al., <span class="bibl">D.28.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Nigr.</span>4</span>:—Pass., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>162a</span>; <b class="b3">χρυσὸς κληῖδας ἐλέγχει</b> [[proves that]] they [[avail not]], AP5.216 (Paul. Sil.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">put right, correct, prove by a reductio ad impossibile</b>, ὅσα ἔστιν ἀποδεῖξαι, ἔστι καὶ ἐλέγξαι τὸν θέμενον τὴν ἀντίφασιν τοῦ ἀληθοῦς <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">SE</span> 170a24</span>; <b class="b3">παράδοξα ἐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">EN</span>1146a23</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[get the better of]], <b class="b3">στρατιὰν ὠκύτατι ἐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>11.49</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.P.750</span>, <span class="bibl">Him.<span class="title">Or.</span>1.16</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> [[expose]], τινὰ ληροῦντα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>171d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.7.2</span>, <span class="bibl">M.Ant.1.17</span>; [[betray]] a weakness, <span class="bibl">Democr.222</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> [[decide]] a dispute, ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν δύο <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span> 31.37</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v<br />Meaning: 1. [[revile]], [[disgrace]] (Hom.); 2. <b class="b2">cross-exmine, bring to proof, accuse, question</b> (Hdt., Pi., Att.); on the meaning Daux REGr. 55, 252ff.<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">ἐλέγξαι</b> (Il.), fut. <b class="b3">ἐλέγξω</b>, aor. pass. <b class="b3">ἐλεγχθῆναι</b> with <b class="b3">ἐλεγχθήσομαι</b>, perf. <b class="b3">ἐλήλεγμαι</b>, 3. sg. <b class="b3">-γκται</b> (Att.)<br />Derivatives: To 1: <b class="b3">ἔλεγχος</b> n. (as <b class="b3">ὄνειδος</b>) [[revile]], [[disgrace]] (Hom., Hes., Pi.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 263), in plur. also of persons, [[coward]]; in masculine <b class="b3">ἐλεγχέες</b> (Δ 242, Ω 239; but s. Bechtel Lex. s. <b class="b3">ἐλεγχής</b>, Frisk GHÅ 41 [1935] : 3, 19f., Sommer Nominalkomp. 137); superlative <b class="b3">ἐλέγχιστος</b> (Hom.; Seiler Steigerungsformen 83f.); from <b class="b3">ἔλεγχος</b> also <b class="b3">ἐλεγχείη</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Il.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 218). - To 2: <b class="b3">ἔλεγχος</b> m. (as <b class="b3">λόγος</b>) [[proof]], [[refutation]], [[inquisition]] (Hdt., Pi., Att.); <b class="b3">ἔλεγξις</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (LXX, NT, Philostr.) with painful <b class="b3">ἐλεγξῖνος</b> (D. L.); <b class="b3">ἐλεγμός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (LXX, NT); <b class="b3">ἐλεγκτήρ</b> [[who proves]] (Antipho; Ionisch?, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 52); <b class="b3">ἐλεγκτικός</b> <b class="b2">good for ἐλέγχειν, prepared for</b> (Att. etc.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [676] <b class="b2">*h₁lengʰ-</b> <b class="b2">revile?</b><br />Etymology: Uncertain. Since Pott often connected with <b class="b3">ἐλαχύς</b>, but this is as often denied, s. Osthoff MU 6, 7ff. Semantically the connection is quite possible: cf. NHG. [[schmähen]], MHG. [[smæhen]] [[disgrace]], OHG [[smāhen]] [[make small]], from [[smāhi]] [[small]]; also NHG [[Schmach]], MHG [[smāhe]], [[smæhe]] [[revile]]. Phonetically the etymology implies, that <b class="b3">ἐλέγχω</b> for <b class="b3">*ἐλέμφω</b> (idg. <b class="b2">*h₁lengʷʰ-</b>) has its <b class="b3">χ</b> from <b class="b3">ἐλαχύς</b>, <b class="b3">ἐλάσσων</b> (< <b class="b3">*ἐλάχ-ι̯ων</b>), <b class="b3">ἐλάχιστος</b>. The verb <b class="b3">ἐλέγχω</b> would be identical with Av. <b class="b2">rǝnǰaiti</b> [[makes light]]. - Or with Fick 1, 537 to Latv. [[langāt]] [[revile]], also OHG OS. [[lahan]] [[revile]] a. o.; acc. to Sturtevant Comp. gr.1 89, 2 58 to Hitt. [[lingazi]], <b class="b2">li(n)kzi</b> [[swear]]. Pok. 676 recalls Nur. [[lang]] [[shame]], [[deceit]], [[treason]].