ἕζομαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=imper. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἕζευ <span class="bibl">Il.24.522</span>: impf. and aor. 2 <b class="b3">ἑζόμην</b>: aor. 1 Pass. <b class="b3">ἕσθην</b>, only <b class="b3">ἦ 'σθῶ</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>195</span> (s.v.l.):—[[seat oneself]], [[sit]], in Hom. only pres. and impf., εἰνὶ θρόνῳ <span class="bibl">Il.15.150</span>; ἐς θρόνους <span class="bibl">Od.4.51</span>; ἐπὶ δίφρῳ <span class="bibl">Il.6.354</span>; κατὰ κλισμούς <span class="bibl">Od.3.389</span>; ποτὶ βωμόν <span class="bibl">22.379</span>; ἐπὶ βάθρον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>100</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>682</span> (s. v.l.); ἕ. ἐς Κολοφῶνα <span class="bibl">Mimn.9</span>; ἀμφὶ κλάδοις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1516</span> (anap.): c. acc. only, τόδ' ἕζετο μαντεῖον <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Eu.</span>3</span>; εἰρεσίας ζυγὸν ἑζόμενον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>249</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἐπὶ χθονὶ . . ἑζέσθην</b> they [[sank]] to the earth, of a pair of scales, <span class="bibl">Il.8.74</span>; once in Hdt., ἐκ τοῦ μέσου ἡμῖν ἕζεσθε <span class="bibl">8.22</span>, and in late Prose, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>18.6.6</span>, Luc.<span class="title">Syr. D.</span>31, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Astr.</span>10</span>; in Att. Prose <b class="b3">καθέζομαι</b> was always used. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[crouch]], in a posture of defence, <span class="bibl">Il.22.275</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.31</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[sink]] to the ground, [[collapse]], <span class="bibl">Il.13.653</span>, <span class="bibl">14.495</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Act., <b class="b3">ἕζω</b> [[set]], [[place]], is not found: for <b class="b3">εἷσα, εἱσάμην, εἵσομαι, εἷμαι</b>, v. [[ἵζω]]. (Cf. <b class="b3">ἕδος</b>.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">sit (down)</b> (Il.)<br />Other forms: fut. <b class="b3">καθεδοῦμαι</b> (Att.), later <b class="b3">καθεσθήσομαι</b> (LXX), <b class="b3">καθεδήσομαι</b> (D. L.); aor. <b class="b3">καθεσθῆναι</b> (Paus.); - other presents <b class="b3">ἵζω</b>, <b class="b3">ἱζάνω</b> (Schwyzer 700) [[make sit]], [[set]], with <b class="b3">ἵζησα</b>, <b class="b3">ἵζηκα</b> (late.), with prefix <b class="b3">καθ-ίζω</b> (Il.), Ion. <b class="b3">κατ-ίζω</b>, <b class="b3">καθ-ιζάνω</b>, Aeol. <b class="b3">κατ-ισδάνω</b> [[set down]], [[sit down]], med. <b class="b3">καθ-ίζομαι</b> [[sit down]], with fut. <b class="b3">καθιῶ</b> (D.), <b class="b3">καθίσω</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">κατίσω</b> (Ion.), <b class="b3">καθιξῶ</b> (Dor.), med. <b class="b3">καθιζήσομαι</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">καθιοῦμαι</b> (LXX), <b class="b3">καθίσομαι</b> (NT., Plu.); aor. <b class="b3">καθίσ(σ)αι</b>, <b class="b3">καθίσ(σ)ασθαι</b> (X., in Hom. wrong for <b class="b3">καθέσ(σ)αι</b>, s. below), <b class="b3">κατίσαι</b> (Hdt., for <b class="b3">κατέσαι</b>), <b class="b3">καθίξαι</b> (Dor.), <b class="b3">καθιζῆσαι</b> (late.); late perf. <b class="b3">κεκάθικα</b>, late aor. ptc. pass. <b class="b3">καθιζηθείς</b>. - Beside these present forms and the aorists there is a sigmatic aorist <b class="b3">εἷσα</b> [[I set]], inf. <b class="b3">ἕσ(σ)αι</b>, med. <b class="b3">εἱσάμην</b>, <b class="b3">ἕσ(σ)ασθαι</b>, <b class="b3">καθ-εῖσα</b>, <b class="b3">καθ-έσ(σ)αι</b> (thus also in Hom. to be read for <b class="b3">καθίσ(σ)αι</b>; and also <b class="b3">κατέσαι</b> for <b class="b3">κατίσαι</b> in Hdt.); here fut. <b class="b3">καθέσω</b> (Eup.); see Wackernagel Unt. 63ff.<br />Compounds: With terminative prefix (s. Brunel Aspect verbal 83ff., 257ff.) <b class="b3">καθ-έζομαι</b> (Il.) <b class="b2">sit (down)</b> - Often with prefix: <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> etc.; also to <b class="b3">καθέζομαι</b>, <b class="b3">καθίζω</b> which are considered as simplices (s. Schwyzer 656, Schwyzer-Debrunner 429). - <b class="b3">ἕδος</b> s-stem (s. [[εὐρυόδεια]] s.v.). The verbal nouns are largely independent, s. <b class="b3">ἕδρα</b>, [[ἑδώλια]], [[ἑλλά]]; also [[ἔδαφος]] and [[ἔδεθλον]]; <b class="b3">ἕσμα</b> [[stalk]], [[pedicle]] (Arist.) < <b class="b2">*sed-sm-</b>, cf. <b class="b3">ὄζος</b>. Cf. also [[ἱδρύω]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [884] <b class="b2">*sed-</b> [[sit down]]<br />Etymology: Both <b class="b3">ἕζομαι</b> and <b class="b3">ἵζω</b> are IE formations, <b class="b3">ἕζομαι</b> a thematic jotpresent <b class="b2">*sed-i̯o-(mai</b>), also found in Germ., e. g. ONo. [[sitia]], OS [[sittian]], OHG [[sizzen]] [[sitzen]], <b class="b3">ἵζω</b> a redupl. <b class="b2">*si-zd-ō</b> (< <b class="b2">*si-sd-ō</b> ) = Lat. [[sīdō]], Umbr. [[sistu]] [[sidito]], Skt. <b class="b2">sī́dati</b> . As the preterite <b class="b3">ἑζόμην</b> in Homer is often an aorist, it is perh. a redupl. aorist <b class="b2">*se-zd-</b> (cf. Av. opt. <b class="b2">ha-zd-yā-t_</b>); it could even be an augmented zero grade <b class="b2">*e-zd-</b> (with secondary aspiration). A present is in Homer only <b class="b3">ἕζεαι</b> (κ 378). Cf. Schwyzer 652 n. 5 and 716 n. 3, Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 336. - The aorist <b class="b3">εἷσα</b>, <b class="b3">ἕσ(σ)αι</b> from IE <b class="b2">*e-sed-s-m̥</b> (with sec. aspiration), <b class="b2">*sed-sai</b> agrees with Skt. subj. <b class="b2">ní</b> ... <b class="b2">ṣát-s-a-t</b> <b class="b2">er möge sich niederlassen</b> (RV 10, 53, 1). - Further, e. g. Lat. [[sedēre]], [[sēdāre]], OCS <b class="b2">sěděti</b>, s. the etym. dict. - As perfect indicating a present to (<b class="b3">καθ-)ἕζομαι</b>, (<b class="b3">καθ-)ἵζω</b> functions <b class="b3">ἧμαι</b>, <b class="b3">κάθ-ημαι</b> (s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 258).