ὀσφραίνομαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=fut. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ὀσφρήσομαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>152</span>: aor. 2 ὠσφρόμην Hdt. (v. infr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>179</span>; inf. ὀσφρέσθαι <span class="bibl">Eup.10</span>; part. ὀσφρόμενος <span class="bibl">Philonid.3</span> (the aor. 1 form <b class="b3">ὤσφραντο</b> in <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.80</span>, Aristid.2.308 J. seems to be an error of the copyists for <b class="b3">ὤσφροντο</b> which is v.l. in Aristid.):—Pass., aor. ὠσφράνθην <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Superf.</span>25</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">de An.</span>424b4</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pr.</span>887a10</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>8.21</span>: fut. <b class="b3">ὀσφρανθήσομαι</b> ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">To.</span>6.18</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ps.</span>134(135).17</span>: the forms <b class="b3">ὀσφρᾶται, -ῶνται</b>, etc. only in late writers, as <span class="bibl">Ph. 1.617</span> (dub. l.), <span class="bibl">Paus.9.21.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Pisc.</span>48</span>, <span class="bibl">Anon.Lond.33.30</span> (f.l. in <span class="bibl">Antiph.147.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Philem.79.26</span>): aor. ὠσφρήσαντο Arist. ap. <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>9.54</span> (om. Rose), <span class="bibl">Arat.955</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>5.49</span>, etc., ὀσφρηθῆναι <span class="bibl">Anon.Lond. 34.49</span>, ὠσφρήθη Hsch.:—[[catch scent of]], [[smell]], c. gen., <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.80</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>654</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.24</span>, etc.: abs., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>96b</span>, etc.; ἡ αἴσθησις ἡ τοῦ ὀσφραίνεσθαι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Sens.</span>445a5</span>: c. acc. only in late writers, ὀ. θρυαλλίδα ἐσβεσμένην Arist. ap. <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>9.54</span>; for in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>154</span> (εἶδες γὰρ αὐτήν;—οὐ μὰ Δί', ἀλλ' ὀσφραίνομαι) <b class="b3">, αὐτῆς</b> must be supplied, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>489</span>; and in <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pl.</span>896</span>, <b class="b3">ὀσφραίνει τι; τι</b> is adverbial, [[at all]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[get scent of]], τῆς Ἱππίου τυραννίδος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lys.</span>619</span>; τοῦ χρυσίου <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Tim.</span>45</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> causal in Act., <b class="b3">ὀσφραίνειν τινά τινι</b> [[make]] one [[smell]] at a thing, Gal.12.795; cf. <b class="b3">ἀπ-, προσοσφραίνω</b>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[to smell]], [[to sniff]]; rare a. late caus. <b class="b3">ὀσφραίνω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἀπ-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">παρ-</b> a.o., [[to give to smell]], [[to make smell]] (Gal., Gp.).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">ὀσφρ-έσθαι</b> (Att.; <b class="b3">ὤσφραντο</b> Hdt. 1, 80), fut. <b class="b3">ὀσφρ-ήσομαι</b> (Att.), also <b class="b3">ὀσφρανθῆναι</b> (Hp., Arist.), <b class="b3">-θήσομαι</b> (LXX), younger pres. <b class="b3">ὀσφρ-ᾶται</b> (Paus., Luc.), aor. <b class="b3">ὠσφρ-ήσαντο</b>, <b class="b3">-ήθη</b> (Arat., Ael.).<br />Compounds: Rarely w. <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατ-</b>. Comp. <b class="b3">καπν-οσφράν-της</b> m. "smoke smeller" (Com. Adesp., Alciphr.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ὄσφρ-ησις</b> f. <b class="b2">olfactory sense, olf. organ</b> (Pl., Arist.), 2. <b class="b3">-ασία</b> f. [[smell]], [[the smelling]] (LXX, Arr.), 3. <b class="b3">-ανσις</b> f. [[olfactory sense]] (Clearch.). 4. backformation <b class="b3">ὄσφραι</b> f. pl. [[flavours]], [[smell]] (Ach. Tat.) with <b class="b3">ὀσφράδιον</b> n. [[bunch of flowers]] (Eust.). 5. <b class="b3">ὀσφρ-αντήριος</b> [[smelling]], [[sniffing]] (Ar.), 6. <b class="b3">-αντικός</b> [[smelling]], [[able to smell]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">-ητικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Gal., D. L.); 7. <b class="b3">-αντός</b> (Arist.). <b class="b3">-ητός</b> (S. E., Gal.) [[smellable]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [772] <b class="b2">*h₃ed-</b> [[smell]] + ?<br />Etymology: The complex is clearly built after comparable fomations, but the attestations do not allow certains conclusions on their relative chronology. With <b class="b3">ὀσφρέσθαι</b> : <b class="b3">ὀσφρήσομαι</b> : <b class="b3">ὀσφρητός</b> agree the semantically related, much more frequent <b class="b3">αἰσθέσθαι</b> : <b class="b3">αἰσθήσομαι</b> : <b class="b3">αἰσθητός</b>. <b class="b3">ὀσφραίνομαι</b> may have followed it after formal examples like <b class="b3">ἀλιτέσθαι</b> : <b class="b3">ἀλιταίνομαι</b>, <b class="b3">βήσομαι</b> : <b class="b3">βαίνω</b>, <b class="b3">πεφήσεται</b> : <b class="b3">φαίνω</b> etc.; further <b class="b3">ὀσφρανθῆναι</b> after <b class="b3">εὑφρανθῆναι</b>; <b class="b3">ὤσφραντο</b> (Hdt.) prob. after <b class="b3">ἠνείκαντο</b> a.o. (cf. Wackernagel Verrn. Beitr. 48 = Kl. Schr. 1, 809). So there is no ground to consider the diff. forms as inherited (thus e.g. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 82f.). -- That the initial syllable is connected with <b class="b3">ὄζω</b>, <b class="b3">ὀδμή</b>, <b class="b3">ὀσμή</b>, is since long accepted (s. Curtius 244 w. lit.); since Wackernagel KZ 33, 43 (Kl. Schr. 1, 722) one supposes in it a zero grade <b class="b3">σ-</b>stem <b class="b3">*ὀδσ-</b> (cf. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> a.o. s. <b class="b3">ὄζω</b>). Against W.s further identification of <b class="b3">ὀσ-φραίνομιαι</b> with <b class="b3">ἀ-</b>, <b class="b3">εὑ-φραίνω</b> (to <b class="b3">φρήν</b>) speak esp. the non-present forms <b class="b3">ὀσ-φρέσθαι</b>, <b class="b3">-φρήσασθαι</b>, with which <b class="b3">ἀ-</b>, <b class="b3">εὑ-φραίνω</b> give nothing comparable. Instead Brugmann (e.g. IF 6, 100ff.) a.o. try to connect Skt. <b class="b2">jí-ghr-ati</b>, <b class="b2">ghrā-ti</b> [[smell]], <b class="b2">ghrāṇa-m</b> n. [[scent]], [[nose]] ( = Toch. A <b class="b2">krāṃ</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>; cf. Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 154). The details remain meanwhile unclear; Schwyzer 644 n. 5 is inclined, with Brugmann4 302 n. 1 a.o. to start from a noun <b class="b3">*ὄσ-φρ-ος</b> [[detect a smell]]; against this with good arguments Debrunner IF 21, 42 . -- Older lit. in Bq.