νεφροί: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m. pl.,<br />Meaning: [[kidneys]] (IA.),<br />Other forms: also du. <b class="b3">νεφρώ</b> (Ar. Ra. 475), rarely sg. <b class="b3">νεφρός</b>.<br />Compounds: As 2. member in <b class="b3">περί-νεφρος</b> <b class="b2">fat around the kidneys</b> (Arist.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">νεφρία</b> n. pl. <b class="b2">id.</b> (pap. II--IIIp); <b class="b3">νεφρ-ίτης σφόνδυλος</b> <b class="b2">first vertebra of the sacrum</b> (Poll.; Redard 101), <b class="b3">-ῖτις</b> (<b class="b3">νόσος</b>) f. <b class="b2">disease of the kinneys</b> (Hp., Th.) with <b class="b3">-ιτικός</b> <b class="b2">suffering of νεφρῖτις, healing the ν.</b> (medic.); <b class="b3">νεφρ-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">kidney-like</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">-ιαῖος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the kidneys</b> (Dsc.; Chantraine Form. 49); hypostasis <b class="b3">ἐπινεφρ-ίδιος</b> <b class="b2">on the kidneys</b> (<b class="b3">δημός</b>, Φ 204).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [not in Pok. (cf. 319)] <b class="b2">*negʷʰro-</b> [[kidney]].<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">νεφροί</b> belong in the first place the glosses given by Festus [[nefrōnēs]] (Praeneste), [[nebrundinēs]] (Lanuvium) [[kidneys]]. With the reconstructed IE <b class="b2">-bh</b> the Germ. word for [[kidney]], OHG [[nioro]], MEngl. [[nēre]] (also <b class="b2">kid-nēre</b> > [[kidney]]), OSwed. [[niūre]] etc., which requires an older <b class="b2">*neu̯ran-</b>, cannot be combined. Only if Germ. <b class="b2">-u̯-</b> can stand for a labiovelar (PGm. <b class="b2">-ʒu̯-</b>), it becomes possible, to connect the graecoital. forms under IE <b class="b2">*negʷhro-</b>. -- Both <b class="b3">ἀδήν</b>, [[inguen]] and Lat. [[rēnēs]] and OIr. [[āru]] [[kidney]] remain separated. -- Details in WP. 1, 133, Pok. 319, W.-Hofmann s. [[nefrōnēs]].