ἀποκρίνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<b class="b3">[ῑ</b>], fut. <b class="b3">-κρῐνῶ</b>, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[set apart]], prob. in Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 5.7, <span class="bibl">Pherecr.23</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>12.8</span>; χωρὶς ἀ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>302c</span>, al.:—Pass., to [[be parted or separated]], [[ἀποκρινθέντε]] [[parted from the throng]] (of two [[πρόμαχοι]]), <span class="bibl">Il.5.12</span> (nowhere else in Hom.); πίθηκος ᾔει θηρίων ἀποκριθείς <span class="bibl">Archil.89.3</span>; of the elements in cosmogony, <span class="bibl">Emp.9.4</span>, Anaxag. 2, <span class="bibl">Democr.167</span>; ἀπεκρίθη . . τοῦ βαρβάρου ἔθνεος τὸ Ἑλληνικόν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.60</span>; χωρίς θηρίων ἡ δίαιτα ἀποκέκριται <span class="bibl">Id.2.36</span>; <b class="b3">ἀποκεκρίσθαι εἰς ἓν ὄνομα</b> [[to be separated and brought]] under one name, <span class="bibl">Th.1.3</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ βεβαίως ἀπεκρίθησαν</b>, of combatants, [[separated]] without decisive result, <span class="bibl">Id.4.72</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Medic. in Pass., to [[be distinctly formed]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Prog.</span>23</span>; of the embryo, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>561a17</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ἐν τῷ σώματι -όμενα</b> bodily [[secretions]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>14</span>; τὰ ἐς τὴν κοιλίην ἀ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Vict.</span>4.89</span>; but <b class="b3">ἐς τοῦτο πάντα ἀπεκρίθη</b> all illnesses [[determined]] or [[ended]] in this [[alone]], <span class="bibl">Th.2.49</span>; also ᾗ τὰ περιττώματα ἀποκρίνεται [[are voided]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>665b24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">GA</span>773b35</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[mark by a distinctive form]], [[distinguish]], πρύμνην <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.194</span>; νόσημά τι ἀποκεκριμένον [[specific]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>407d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Mete.</span>369b29</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[choose]], ἕνα ὑμῶν ἀ. ἐξαίρετον <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.130</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦ πεζοῦ, τοῦ στρατοῦ</b>, <b class="b2">choose from .</b>., <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.17</span>,<span class="bibl">25</span>; <b class="b3">δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν</b> [[having set apart]], i.e. [[decreed]], one of two, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>640</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[exclude]], πλήθει τῶν ψήφων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>946a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[reject on examination]], <b class="b3">κρίνειν καὶ ἀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">751d</span>; <b class="b3">ἐγκρίνειν καὶ ἀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">936a</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τινὰ τῆς νίκης</b> [[decide]] that one [[has lost]] the victory, [[decide]] it [[against]] one, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1315b18</span>:—Med., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>966d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> Med., [[ἀποκρίνομαι]], fut. <b class="b3">-κρῐνοῦμαι</b>, etc.: Pl. uses pf. and plpf. Pass. in med. sense, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prt.</span>358a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>463c</span>, etc., but also in pass. sense (v. infr.):—[[give answer to]], [[reply to]] question, dub.<span class="bibl">1</span>. in <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.49</span>, <span class="bibl">8.101</span> (elsewh. <b class="b3">ὑποκρ-</b>), cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>1271</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IA</span>1354</span>; ἀ. τινί <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1245</span>, etc.: metaph., ἀ. τοῖς πράγμασιν ὡς ἐπὶ τῶν ἐρωτημάτων <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>2.16.2</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. πρός τινα, πρὸς τὸ ἐρωτώμενον</b>, [[to]] a questioner or question, <span class="bibl">Th.5.42</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>338d</span>; ἀ. εἰ . . <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">V.</span>964</span>; ἀ. ὅτι . . <span class="bibl">Th.1.90</span>: c. acc., <b class="b3">ἀποκρίνεσθαι τὸ ἐρωτηθέν</b> [[to answer]] the question, <span class="bibl">Id.3.61</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>49a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>287b</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span> 1007a9</span>: c. acc. cogn., ἀ. οὐδὲ γρῦ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>17</span>; οὐδὲν ξυμβατικόν <span class="bibl">Th.8.71</span>; ἀ. ἀπόκρισιν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>658c</span>:—Pass., <b class="b3">τοῦτό μοι ἀποκεκρίσθω</b> [[let]] this [[be]] my [[answer]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>187b</span>; <b class="b3">καλῶς ἄν σοι ἀπεκέκριτο</b> your [[answer would have been]] sufficient, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>453d</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Men.</span>75c</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Euthd.</span>299d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[answer charges]], [[defend oneself]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>632</span>; ὁ ἀποκρινόμενος [[the defendant]], <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.18</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.4.3</span>; [[ἀπεκρινάμην]] freq. in legal documents, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.31.24</span> (iii B. C.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> aor. Pass. [[ἀπεκρίθη]], = [[ἀπεκρίνατο]], he [[answered]], condemned by Phryn.86, is unknown in earlier Att., exc. in <span class="bibl">Pherecr.51</span>, Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>2.149b; but occurs in Machoap.<span class="bibl">Ath.8.349d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>6.30</span> (ii B. C.), <span class="title">SIG</span>674.61 (Narthacium, ii B. C.), <span class="title">IG</span>4.679 (Hermione, ii B. C.), <span class="bibl">Plb.4.30.7</span>, etc.; once in <span class="bibl">J., <span class="title">AJ</span>9.3.1</span>, twice in <span class="bibl">Luc., <span class="title">Sol.</span>5</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Demon.</span>26</span>; regular in LXX (but sts. [[ἀπεκρινάμην]] in solemn language, as <span class="bibl"><span class="title">3 Ki.</span>2.1</span>) and prevails in <span class="title">NT</span> esp. in the phrase ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>3.15</span>; ἀ. λέγει <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>8.20</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 2.1.22</span> codd.: fut. [[ἀποκριθήσομαι]] in same sense, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Is.</span>14.32</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>25.45</span>, <span class="bibl">Hermog.<span class="title">Inv.</span>4.6</span>.</span>