νεκρός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ (of a woman, <span class="bibl">Diph.129</span>), <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[corpse]], Hom., etc.: as Subst., in early writers always of mankind, νεκροὺς συλήσετε τεθνηῶτας <span class="bibl">Il. 6.71</span>; ν. ἔρυον κατατεθνηῶτας <span class="bibl">18.540</span>: freq. of those killed in battle, τοὺς ν. ὑποσπόνδους ἀνείλοντο <span class="bibl">Th.4.44</span>, etc.: in sg., νεκρῷ ἐούσῃ Μελίσσῃ <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.92</span>.η'; κεῖται ν. περὶ νεκρῷ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1240</span>, etc.; Πατρόκλῳ ν. ὄντι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>391b</span>: the Art. is freq. omitted even of a particular corpse, esp. when a gen. is added, <b class="b3">ν. γυναικός, ἀνθρώπου</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.89</span>, <span class="bibl">90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>659</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>1018</span>; later, of a fish, ν. ἰχθύος <span class="bibl">M.Ant.6.13</span>: neut. pl. <b class="b3">νεκρά, τά,</b> Plu.2.773d: metaph., νεκρὰ καὶ καπνός <span class="bibl">M.Ant.12.33</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[dying person]], μυχθισμὸς νεκρῶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>789</span>; ν. ἀσπαίροντες <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.4.5</span>; ν. ἀποθνῄσκοντες <span class="bibl">Th.2.52</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> metaph., ὁ υἱός μου ν. ἦν καὶ ἀνέζησε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>15.24</span>; ὄνομα ἔχεις ὅτι ζῇς καὶ ν. εἶ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>3.1</span>; ν. τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>6.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> in pl., [[the dead]], as dwellers in the nether world, κλυτὰ ἔθνεα νεκρῶν <span class="bibl">Od.10.526</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.34</span>, etc.; ἐν νεκροῖς <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ps.</span>87(88).5</span>; ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγεῖραι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>12.1</span>; ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ ἐκ ν. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>20.35</span>: metaph., ζωὴ ἐκ ν. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>11.15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> as Adj. <b class="b3">νεκρός, ά, όν,</b> [[dead]], first in Pi., ν. ἵππος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>203</span>; <b class="b3">ν. σώματα</b> Mitteis <span class="title">Chr.</span>31 ii 22 (ii B.C.), <span class="bibl">Ach.Tat.3.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Nic.Dam.58</span> J., Plu.2.685b, X. Eph.5.1, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>51.8</span> (ii A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1024vii26</span> (iv/v A.D.) (but also τὰ τῶν ν. σώματα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>959b</span>; σῶμα… νεκροῦ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>679</span>); ν. χελώνη <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DDeor.</span>7.4</span>: Comp. -ότερος <span class="title">AP</span>11.135 (Lucill.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[inanimate]], [[inorganic]], opp. [[ἔμψυχος]], <span class="bibl">Plot.3.6.6</span>; <b class="b3">οὐχὶ ν., ὥσπερ λίθον ἢ ξύλον</b>, <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ ζῶν</b> <span class="bibl">Id.4.7.9</span>; οὐρανὸς… ὢν πρὸ ψυχῆς σῶμα ν., γῆ καὶ ὕδωρ <span class="bibl">Id.5.1.2</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ν. θάλασσα</b> the <span class="title">Dead</span> Sea, <span class="bibl">Paus.5.7.4</span>, Gal.11.690, <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">A.</span> 1082</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> metaph., ν. πλοῦτος <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>2.1.1</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0237.png Seite 237]] ὁ (vgl. [[νέκυς]]), der <b class="b2">Leichnam, </b>die [[Leiche]]; bei Hom. nur von menschlichen Leichnamen; ἐν δὲ πυρῇ νεκρὸν θέσαν, Il. 24, 787; [[ὄφρα]] τάχιστα πυρὶ φλεγεθοίατο νεκροί, 23, 197; περὶ νεκροῦ δηριάασθαι, 17, 734, öfter; auch νεκροὺς τεθνηῶτας, 6, 71, wie κατατεθνηῶτας, 18, 540; die [[Todten in]] der Unterwelt, Od. 10, 526. 11, 475 ff.; ἐκ νεκροῦ ἅρπασε, Pind. P. 3, 43; oft bei Tragg., auch der<b class="b2"> Todte</b>, ἐπισπένδειν νεκρῷ, Aesch. Ag. 1368 u. sonst, wie Soph., οἱ ἔνερθεν νεκροί, Ant. 25, der es auch adj. braucht, καλεῖ Λάϊον [[πάλαι]] νεκρόν, O. R. 1245, vgl. El. 1453; [[τρεῖς]] τῶν ἐμῶν ἐχθρῶν νεκροὺς [[θήσω]], Eur. Med. 374; auch bei Sp. so, z. B. νεκρὰ ἐξάγειν, Luc. V. H. 1, 22. – In Prosa der [[Leichnam]], ἀνθρώπου [[νεκρός]], Her. 2, 90, νεκρὸς [[πρόσφατος]] γυναικός, 2, 89, Plat. oft, ἀναιρεθέντων δεκαταίων τῶν νεκρῶν Rep. X, 614 b, u. so auch Andere von den in der Schlacht Gefallenen, τοὺς νεκροὺς ὑποσπόνδους ἀποδοῦναι, ἀπολαβεῖν, Xen. Hell. 2, 4, 12. 7, 5, 26 u. sonst oft; πολλοὺς νεκροὺς ἐποίησαν, sie machten viele Todte, richteten eine große Niederlage an, Pol. 2, 34, 12; τὴν φρουρὰν ἀπώσασθαι δυσὶ νεκροῖς ἢ τρισὶ οὐ ῥᾴδιον, mit dem Verluste von zwei oder drei Mann, Plut. Socr. gen. 17. – Einen compar. bildet Lucill. 78 (XI, 135), τὸν πολὺ τοῦ παρὰ σοὶ νεκρότερον τεκνίου. – Nach B. A. 108, 16 sagte Diphil. τήν νεκρόν.

|lstext='''νεκρός''': ὁ, (ἴδε [[νέκυς]]), νεκρὸν [[σῶμα]], [[πτῶμα]], Ὅμ., κλ., ἀείποτε ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπου (ἰδὲ κατωτ. ΙΙ), νεκροὺς συλήσετε τεθνηῶτας Ἰλ. Ζ. 71· νεκροὺς τ’... ἔρυον κατατεθνηῶτας Σ. 540· οὕτω, νεκρῷ ἐούσῃ Μελίσσῃ Ἡρόδ. 5. 92· κεῖται νεκρὸς περὶ νεκρῷ Σοφ. Ἀντ. 1240, κτλ.· νεκροὶ ἀσπαίροντες, ἔτι ἀγωνιῶντες, Ἀντιφῶν 119. 13· Πατρόκλῳ νεκρῷ ὄντι Πλάτ. Πολ. 391Β· - τὸ ἄρθρον [[συχνάκις]] παραλείπεται καὶ ἐπὶ ὡρισμένου νεκροῦ, [[μάλιστα]] [[ὅταν]] συνάπτηται [[μετὰ]] γενικῆς, νεκρὸς γυναικός, ἀνθρώπου Ἡρόδ. 2. 89, 90., 3. 16, πρβλ. Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 659, Θήβ. 1013· - ἀκολούθως, νεκρά, τά, Πλούτ. 2. 773D· πρβλ. Λοβεκ. Φρύνιχ. 376. 2) ἐν τῷ πληθ., [[ὡσαύτως]], οἱ νεκροὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὸν [[κάτω]] κόσμον, κλυτὰ ἔθνεα νεκρῶν Ὀδ. Κ. 526, πρβλ. Λ. 34, κτλ.· τοὺς ἑαυτῶν ν., δηλ. τοὺς ἐν τῇ μάχῃ πεσόντας, Θουκ. 4. 44, πρβλ. 97 κἑξ. ΙΙ. ὡς ἐπίθετ. συμφωνοῦν [[μετὰ]] τοῦ οὐσιαστ., [[νεκρός]], ά, όν, πρῶτον παρὰ Πινδ. (ἐκτὸς ἐὰν [[οὕτως]] ἐκλάβωμεν τὸ ἐν Ὀδ. Μ. 10, νεκρὸν Ἐλπήνορα τεθνηῶτα)· ν. [[ἵππος]] Πινδ. Ἀποσπ. 217· τὰ σώματα τὰ ν. Πλούτ. 2. 685Β· - συγκρ. -ότερος Ἀνθ. Π. 11. 135. 2) ἐπίθετ. τοῦ Ἅιδου, [[αὐτόθι]] 1. 111. 3) ἐπίθετ. γῆς, χώρας, Ἀριστ. π. Φυτ. 2. 3, 13· [[οὕτως]], ἡ ν. [[θάλασσα]] [[αὐτόθι]] 2. 2, 23, πρβλ. Παυσ. 5. 7, 4, Ὀρφ. Ἀργ. 1086.

|btext=ά, όν :<br /><b>1</b> mort : [[οἱ]] νεκροί, les morts;<br /><b>2</b> ὁ [[νεκρός]], le cadavre ; τὸ νεκρόν, <i>m. sign.</i><br />'''Étymologie:''' R. Νεκ, faire mourir ; cf. [[νέκυς]], <i>lat.</i> necare, nex.

|sltr=[[νεκρός]] <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> [[corpse]] ἑπτὰ δ' [[ἔπειτα]] πυρᾶν νεκρῶν τελεσθέντων Ταλαϊονίδας εἶπεν (νεκροῖς coni. Wil.: τελεσθεισᾶν coni. Pauw.: v. [[τελέω]]) (O. 6.15) παῖδ' ἐκ νεκροῦ ἅρπασε (sc. [[Ἀπόλλων]], seizing the [[child]] Asklepios [[from]] the [[dead]] Koronis) (P. 3.43) pro adj., [[ἄνδρες]] [[θήν]] τινες ἀκκιζόμενοι νεκρὸν ἵππον στυγέοισι fr. 203. 2.

|astxt=[[νεκρός]], -α, -ον, [in LXX [[chiefly]] for מֵת;] <br />[[dead]],<br /><b class="num">I.</b>as adj.,<br /><b class="num">1.</b>[[prop]].: Ac 5:10 20:9, Ja 2:26, Re 1:18, al.; [[ὡσεὶ]] ν., Mt 28:4, Mk 9:26, Re 1:17;of [[that]] [[which]] is [[subject]] to [[death]], Ro 8:10. <br /><b class="num">2.</b>Metaph.,<br /><b class="num">(a)</b>of persons: Lk 15:24, 32; of those immersed in [[worldly]] cares, Mt 8:22, Lk 9:60; of [[spiritual]] [[death]], Jo 5:25, Ro 6:13, Eph 5:14, Re 3:1; τ. παραπτώμασιν, Eph 2:1, 5 Col 2:13; of the [[opposite]] [[condition]], ν. τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ, Ro 6:11; <br /><b class="num">(b)</b>of things regarded as [[inoperative]], devoid of [[power]]: [[ἁμαρτία]], Ro 7:8; [[πίστις]], Ja 2:17, 26; ἔργα, He 6:1 9:14. <br /><b class="num">II.</b>As subst., [[νεκρός]], ὁ (Hom., al.), [[chiefly]] in pl. (οἱ) ν., the [[dead]]: Mt 11:5, Mk 12:26, Lk 20:37, I Co 15:15, al.; [[ἀνάστασις]] (τ.) νεκρῶν, Mt 22:31, Ac 17:32, al.; ν.… ζῶντες, Mt 22:32, Mk 12:27, Ac 10:42, al.; ἀπὸ νεκρῶν, Lk 16:30; ἐκ ν., Mk 6:14, Lk 24:46, Jo 12:1, Ac 13:34, Ro 10:7, al.; [[πρωτότοκος]] ἐκ [[τῶν]] ν., Col 1:18; ζωὴ ἐκ ν., Ro 11:15; constr. praegn., ἐκ ν. ζῶντες, Ro 6:13.

|txtha=νεκρά, νεκρόν ([[akin]] to the Latin neco, nex (from a [[root]] signifying 'to [[disappear]]' etc.; cf. [[Curtius]], § 93; Fick i., p. 123; Vanicek, p. 422 f)), the Sept. [[chiefly]] for מֵת; [[dead]], i. e.:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[properly]],<br /><b class="num">a.</b> [[one]] [[that]] has breathed his [[last]], [[lifeless]]: [[ἐπί]] νεκροῖς, if men are [[dead]] ([[where]] [[death]] has occurred ([[see]] [[ἐπί]], Buttmann, 2a. ε., p. 233 a at the [[end]])), ἐγείρειν νεκρούς, as if [[already]] [[dead]], [[sure]] to [[die]], [[destined]] [[inevitably]] to [[die]]: τό [[σῶμα]], τό [[σῶμα]] and τό [[σωμάτιον]] φύσει νεκρόν, [[Epictetus]] diss. 3,10, 15,3,22, 41; in [[which]] [[sense]] Luther called the [[human]] [[body]], [[although]] [[alive]], einen alten Madensack (cf. Shakespeare's "thou worms-[[meat]]!")); said of the [[body]] of a [[dead]] [[man]] (so in [[Homer]] [[often]]; for נְבֵלָה a [[corpse]] [[μετά]] [[τῶν]] νεκρῶν, [[among]] the [[dead]], i. e. the buried, θάψαι [[τούς]] νεκρούς, ὀστέα νεκρῶν, Prayer of Manasseh , [[αἷμα]] ὡς νεκροῦ, הָרוּג, חָלָל, [[thrust]] [[through]], [[slain]], [[deceased]], departed, [[one]] whose [[soul]] is in [[Hades]]: [[νεκρός]] ἦν, [[was]] [[like]] [[one]] [[dead]], as [[good]] as [[dead]], ἐν Χριστῷ, [[dead]] Christians ([[see]] ἐν, I:6b., p. 211 b), οἱ νεκροί and νεκροί ([[without]] the [[article]]; [[see]] Winer s Grammar, p. 123 (117) and cf. Buttmann, 89 (78) [[note]]) are used of the [[assembly]] of the [[dead]] ([[see]] [[ἀνάστασις]], 2and [[ἐγείρω]], 2): [[τίς]] [[ἀπό]] [[τῶν]] νεκρῶν, [[one]] ([[returning]]) from the [[dead]], the [[world]] of spirits, ἐκ νεκρῶν, from the [[dead]], occurs times [[too]] [[many]] to [[count]] ([[see]] [[ἀνάστασις]], [[ἀνίστημι]], ἐγεριω): ἀνάγειν τινα ἐκ νεκρῶν, [[ζωή]] ἐκ νεκρῶν, [[life]] springing [[forth]] from [[death]], i. e. the [[return]] of the [[dead]] to [[life]] ([[see]] ἐκ, I:5), [[πρωτότοκος]] ἐκ [[τῶν]] νεκρῶν [[who]] [[was]] the [[first]] [[that]] returned to [[life]] from [[among]] the [[dead]], [[πρωτότοκος]] [[τῶν]] νεκρῶν ζοωποίειν [[τούς]] νεκρούς ἐγείρειν τινα [[ἀπό]] [[τῶν]] νεκρῶν, to [[rouse]] [[one]] to [[quit]] (the [[assembly]] of) the [[dead]], κρίνειν ζῶντας καί νεκρούς, [[κριτής]] ζώντων καί νεκρῶν, νεκρῶν καί ζώντων κυριεύειν, [[destitute]] of [[life]], [[without]] [[life]], [[inanimate]] (equivalent to [[ἄψυχος]]): τό [[σῶμα]] [[χωρίς]] πνεύματος νεκρόν ἐστιν, [[οὐκ]] ἐστιν (ὁ) Θεός νεκρῶν [[ἀλλά]] ζώντων, God is the [[guardian]] God [[not]] of the [[dead]] [[but]] of the [[living]], τοῖς παραπτώμασιν (the dative of [[cause]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, 412 (384 f))) added, ἐν ([[but]] T Tr WH [[omit]] ἐν) τοῖς παραπτοις [[ἄφες]] [[τούς]] νεκρούς θάψαι [[τούς]] ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς, [[leave]] those [[who]] are [[indifferent]] to the [[salvation]] offered [[them]] in the gospel, to [[bury]] thee bodies of [[their]] [[own]] [[dead]], [[destitute]] of [[force]] or [[power]], [[inactive]], [[inoperative]]: τῇ [[ἁμαρτία]], [[unaffected]] by the [[desire]] to [[sin]] (cf. Winer s Grammar, 210 (199); Buttmann, § 133,12), [[ἁμαρτία]], [[πίστις]], R G), 26; ἔργα, [[powerless]] and [[fruitless]] ([[see]] [[ἔργον]], 3, p. 248b [[bottom]]), [[θνητός]], at the [[end]])

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[corpse]], [[the dead]] (Il.), pl. [[the dead]] = [[inhabitant of the Underworld]] (Od., Th., LXX, NT), also attributive and adjectival (<b class="b3">-ά</b>, <b class="b3">-όν</b>) [[dead]] (hell.; Pi. Fr. 203 <b class="b3">νεκρὸν ἵππον</b> prob. predicative).<br />Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">νεκρο-δέγμων</b> [[receiving dead]] (<b class="b3">Α῝ιδης</b>, A. Pr. 153 [lyr.]); rarely as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">μυριό-νεκρος</b> [[with uncountable dead]] ([[μάχη]], Plu.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Subst. [[νεκρών]], <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. (Tegea IIa, AP), [[νεκρια]] f. (hell. pap.; on the unknown accent Scheller Oxytonierung 46) <b class="b2">place of the dead, grave-yard</b>. 2. Adj. <b class="b3">νεκρ-ιμαῖος</b> [[belonging to a corpse]], <b class="b3">τὸ ν</b>. [[corpse]] (LXX; after <b class="b3">θνησιμ-αῖος</b>, Chantraine Form. 49, Mél. Maspero 2, 221); <b class="b3">νεκρ-ικός</b> [[regarding the dead]], [[τὰν]]. [[inheritance]] (Luc., Vett. Val.); <b class="b3">νεκρ-ώδης</b> [[corpse-like]] (Luc., Gal.). 3. Verb [[νεκρόομαι]], <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[die]], [[kill]], [[enervate]] (late) with [[νέκρωσις]] [[be dead]], [[the killing]] (late), <b class="b3">-ώσιμα</b> n. pl. = [[νεκύσια]] (church-writers, gloss.; Arbenz 93: [[θανάσιμος]]), <b class="b3">-ώματα</b> pl. [[dead bodies]] (Arist.-comm.), <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b> [[causing death]] (Gal.). -- In the same meaning [[νέκυς]] (posthom. <b class="b3">-υ-</b>) m., also adj. [[dead]] (ep. poet Il., also Hdt. and Gortyn; <b class="b3">νέκυρ νεκρός</b>. [[Λάκωνες]] H.); some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">νεκυο-μαντήϊον</b>, <b class="b3">-εῖον</b> [[oracle of the dead]] (Hdt.), <b class="b3">ἰσό-νεκυς</b> [[corpse-like]] (E. Or. 200 [lyr.], after <b class="b3">ἰσό-θεος</b>, s. on [[ἴσος]]). Deriv.: [[νέκυια]] f. <b class="b2">offer to the dead, so as to call up the dead</b> (D. S., Plu., Nic.), abstract formation in <b class="b3">-ια</b> for <b class="b3">-ία</b> as [[ἀλήθεια]] for <b class="b3">-εία</b> etc. (cf. Solmsen Wortforsch. 248ff.); in the same meaning [[νεκυϊσμός]] (Man.; <b class="b3">*νεκυΐζω</b>; on the formations in <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> Chantraine Form. 142 ff.); [[νεκύσια]] n. pl. [[feats of the dead]] (hell. pap.; cf. [[θαλύσια]], [[γενέσια]] and Stengel Herm. 43, 645ff.) with [[Νεκύσιος]] m. Cret. month-name (IIa); [[νεκυϊκός]] [[belonging to the dead]] (Cyran.); [[νεκύα]] f. plantname = [[φλόμος]] (Cyran.), because used in the conjuration of the dead; after [[καρύα]], [[σικύα]] etc.; on <b class="b3">νεκύδαλ(λ)ος</b> s. v. -- Besides <b class="b3">νέκες νεκροί</b> H. with <b class="b3">νεκ-άς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. [[heap of dead]] (E 886, AP; like [[νιφάς]] etc. Bechtel Lex. s.v., Chantraine Form. 352). -- Not here [[νῶκαρ]], <b class="b3">-αρος</b> n. s.v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [762] <b class="b2">*neḱ-(u-)</b> [[violent death]], [[corpse]].<br />Etymology: The monosyllabic stem <b class="b3">νέκ-ες</b> agrees formally exactly to Lat. [[nex]], [[necis]] f. [[violent death]], [[murder]] and to GAv. <b class="b2">nas-</b> f. [[need]], [[distress]], IE <b class="b2">*neḱ-s</b>. Also the <b class="b2">u-</b>stem in <b class="b3">νέκ-υ-ς</b> returns on Iranian soil in Av. <b class="b2">nas-u-š</b> gen. <b class="b2">nas-āv-ō</b> f. m. [[corpse]]; orig. the Gr. [[υ]] is short beside Iran. [[u]] : [[āv]] (< <b class="b2">ou̯</b>), Beeekes-Cuypers, Mnemosyne LVI(2003)485-391; wrong Schwyzer 463. Here perh. Lat. [[nequālia]] [[detrimenta]]. The alternatings <b class="b2">r(o</b>)-formation in <b class="b3">νεκ-ρό-ς</b> has no parallel outside Greek. ([[νῶκαρ]] will rather be non-IE, i.e. Pre-Greek; Fur. 133; s.v.) Greek has no parallels to the primary verbs (e.g. Skt. <b class="b2">náś-ya-ti</b>, Toch. A <b class="b2">näk-näṣ-tär</b> [[disappear]], [[perish]]). -- WP. 2, 326, Pok. 762, W.-Hofmann s. [[necō]] with further forms, Mayrhofer s. [[náśyati]]. -- Not here [[νέκταρ]].

|ftr='''νεκρός''': {nekrós}<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Leiche]], [[Leichnam]], [[der Tote]] (seit Il.), pl. [[die Toten]] = [[Bewohner der Unterwelt]] (Od., Th., LXX, NT u.a.), auch attributivisch und adjektivisch (-ά, -όν) [[tot]] (hell. u. sp.; Pi. ''Fr''. 203 νεκρὸν ἵππον wohl prädikativisch);<br />'''Composita''' : oft als Vorderglied (poet. u. sp. Prosa), z.B. [[νεκροδέγμων]] [[Tote aufnehmend]] ([[Ἅιδης]], A. ''Pr''. 153 [lyr.]); selten als Hinterglied, z.B. [[μυριόνεκρος]] [[mit zahllosen Toten]] ([[μάχη]], Plu.).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen: 1. Subst. [[νεκρών]], -ῶνος m. (Tegea II^a, ''AP''), νεκρια f. (hell. Pap.; zum unbek. Akzent Scheller Oxytonierung 46) [[Totenstätte]], [[Gräberfeld]]. 2. Adj. [[νεκριμαῖος]] [[zu einem Kadaver gehörig]], τὸ n. [[Kadaver]] (LXX, sp. Inschr. u.a.; nach [[θνησιμαῖος]], Chantraine Form. 49, Mél. Maspero 2, 221); [[νεκρικός]] [[die Toten betreffend]], τὰν. [[Erbschaft]], [[Nachlassenschaft]] (Luk., Vett. Val.); [[νεκρώδης]] [[leichenhaft]] (Luk., Gal. u.a.). 3. Verb νεκρόομαι, -όω [[absterben]], [[ersterben]], [[ertöten]], [[entkräften]] (sp.) mit [[νέκρωσις]] [[das Abgestorbensein]], [[die Tötung]] (sp.), -ώσιμα n. pl. = [[νεκύσια]] (Kirchenschriftsteller, Gloss.; Arbenz 93: [[θανάσιμος]]), -ώματα pl. [[abgestorbene Körper]] (Arist. -Komm.), -ωτικός [[das Absterben verursachend]] (Gal.). — In derselben Bed. [[νέκυς]] (nachhom. -υ-) m., auch Adj. [[tot]] (vorw. ep. poet seit Il., auch Hdt. und Gortyn; [[νέκυρ]]· [[νεκρός]]. Λάκωνες H.); einige Kompp., z.B. νεκυομαντήϊον, -εῖον [[Totenorakel]] (Hdt. u.a.), [[ἰσόνεκυς]] [[Leichen ähnlich]] (E. ''Or''. 200 [lyr.], nach [[ἰσόθεος]], s. zu [[ἴσος]]). Ableitungen: [[νέκυια]] f. [[Totenopfer]], [[um die Toten heraufzubeschwören]] (D. S., Plu., Nik.), Abstraktbildung auf -ια für -ία wie [[ἀλήθεια]] für -εία usw. (vg1. Solmsen Wortforsch. 248ff.); in derselben Bed. [[νεκυϊσμός]] (Man.; *νεκυΐζω; zu den überaus zahlreichen Bildungen auf -ισμός Chantraine Form. 142 ff.); [[νεκύσια]] n. pl. [[Totenfeier]] (hell. Pap. u.a.; vgl. [[θαλύσια]], γενέσια und Stengel Herm. 43, 645ff.) mit [[Νεκύσιος]] m. kret. Monatsname (II^a); [[νεκυϊκός]] [[zu den Toten gehörig]] (Kyran.); [[νεκύα]] f. Pflanzenname = [[φλόμος]] (Kyran.), weil bei der Totenbeschwörung benutzt; nach [[καρύα]], [[σικύα]] usw.; zu νεκύδαλ(λ)ος s. bes. — Daneben νέκες· νεκροί H. mit [[νεκάς]], -άδος f. [[Leichenhaufe]] (Ε 886, ''AP'' u.a.; wie [[νιφάς]] usw. Bechtel Lex. s.v., Chantraine Form. 352). — Mit Dehnstufe [[νῶκαρ]], -αρος n. [[Totenschlaf]] (Nik., Hdn.) mit [[νωκαρώδης]] [[schläfrig]], [[verschlafen]] (Diph.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Der einsilbige Stamm νέκες stimmt formal genau zu lat. ''nex'', ''necis'' f. [[gewaltsamer Tod]], [[Mord]] und zu g. aw. ''nas''- f. [[Not]], [[Unglück]], idg. *''neḱ''-''s''. Auch der ''u''-Stamm in νέκυ-ς kehrt auf iranischem Gebiet in aw. ''nas''-''u''- Gen. ''nas''-''āv''-''ō'' f. m. [[Leiche]], [[Leichnam]] wieder; zu gr. υ gegenüber iran. ''ŭ'' : ''āv'' Schwyzer 463 m. Lit.; eine Ableitung wird in lat. ''nequālia'' [[detrimenta]] vermutet. Dagegen hat die mit dem ''u''-Stamm alternierende ''r''(''o'') -Bildung in [[νεκρός]], [[νῶκαρ]] kein außergriech. Gegenstück. Umgekehrt fehlen im Griechischen primäre Verba (z.B. aind. ''náś''-''ya''-''ti'', toch. A ''näk''-''näṣ''-''tär'' [[verschwinden]], [[vergehen]]). —WP. 2, 326, Pok. 762, W.-Hofmann s. ''necō'' mit weiteren Formen und reicher Lit., Mayrhofer s. ''náśyati''. — Vgl. [[νέκταρ]].<br />'''Page''' 2,299-300