πῆμα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ατος, τό (same form in Dor.), poet. word, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[misery]], [[calamity]], π. κακόν <span class="bibl">Od.5.179</span>; π. κακοῖο <span class="bibl">3.152</span>; <b class="b3">δύης π</b>. <span class="bibl">14.338</span>; π. τῆς ἄτης <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 363</span>; π. θεὸς Δαναοῖσι κυλίνδει <span class="bibl">Il.17.688</span>; τοῖσι . . πῆμα κυλίνδεται <span class="bibl">Od. 2.163</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.11.347</span>; ἡμῖν πήματα πολλὰ θέσαν <span class="bibl">15.721</span>; τοι πῆμα τόδ' ἤγαγον Οὐρανίωνες <span class="bibl">24.547</span>; ἓν παρ' ἐσλὸν π. σύνδυο δαίονται βροτοῖς ἀθάνατοι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.81</span>; πημάτων ἔξω πόδα ἔχει <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>265</span>; πήματα ἐπὶ πήμασι πίπτοντ' <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>594</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">πῆμ' ἐπὶ πήματι κεῖται</b>, i.e. iron upon iron, the sword forged upon the anvil, Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.67</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">68</span>; <b class="b3">σοφιστὴς πημάτων</b> deviser of [[pains]] (i. e. the [[labours]] of Heracles), <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Heracl.</span>993</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of persons, [[bane]], [[calamity]], ὅς μιν ἔτικτε . . π. γενέσθαι Τρωσί <span class="bibl">Il.22.421</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.50</span>, <span class="bibl">160</span>, <span class="bibl">6.282</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>379</span>; π. κακὸς γείτων <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>346</span>. (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">pī΄yati</b>, Goth.[[fijan]] 'hate'.)</span>

|elnltext=πῆμα -ατος, τό rampspoed:; μή τί μοι αὐτῷ πῆμα κακὸν βουλευσέμεν ἄλλο om niet nog eens vreselijke rampspoed tegen mijzelf te beramen Od. 10.344; πήματα... ἐπὶ πήμασι πίπτοντ ( α ) dat rampen op rampen gestapeld zijn Soph. Ant. 595; overdr. van pers. ramp:. ὅς μιν ἔτικτε... πῆμα γενέσθαι Τρωσί die hem voortbracht om een ramp te worden voor de Trojanen Il. 3.50.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[disaster]], [[sorrow]], [[distress]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀ-πήμων</b> [[without disaster]], [[undamaged]] (Il.); from there [[πήμων]] [[baleful]] (Orph.). Denominat. [[πημαίνω]] [[to do harm]], [[to damage]] (Il.).<br />Derivatives: Besides the enlargements: <b class="b3">πημον-ή</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (trag., treaty ap. Th. 5, 18), <b class="b3">πημο-σύνη</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (A., E., Orph.), <b class="b3">ἀπημο-σύνη</b> f. [[sorrowlessness]] (Thgn.) = <b class="b3">ἀπημον-ίη</b> f. (Call.); cf. Wyss <b class="b3">-σύνη</b> 33 a. 39.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Primary verbal noun, in Greek isolated. An exact formal agreement may be found in Av. <b class="b2">pāman-</b> n. name of a skin-disease; further, deviating only in gender, Skt. <b class="b2">pāmán-</b> m. [[kind of skindisease]], [[scratch]]. Semantically much better fits Skt. <b class="b2">pāpmán-</b> m. [[disaster]], [[damage]], [[sorrow]], but this seems a transformation of <b class="b2">pāmán-</b> after <b class="b2">pāpá-</b> [[bad]], [[evil]]. Further connections are uncertain, s. Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">pāpáḫ</b> and <b class="b2">pāmā́</b> w. further lit., W.-Hofmann s. [[paeminōsus]] (also w. lit.). -- Cf. [[πηρός]] and [[ταλαίπωρος]].