δύναμις: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[<b class="b3">ῠ], ἡ</b>, gen. εως, Ion. ιος, Ion. dat. [[δυνάμι]] : ([[δύναμαι]]):— <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[power]], [[might]], in Hom., esp. of [[bodily strength]], εἴ μοι δ. γε παρείη <span class="bibl">Od. 2.62</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.8.294</span>; οἵη ἐμὴ δ. καὶ χεῖρες <span class="bibl">Od.20.237</span>; ἡ δ. τῶν νέων <span class="bibl">Antipho 4.3.2</span>, etc.: generally, [[strength]], [[power]], [[ability]] to do anything, [[πὰρ δύναμιν]] beyond one's [[strength]], <span class="bibl">Il.13.787</span>; in Prose, παρὰ δ. τολμηταί <span class="bibl">Th.1.70</span>, etc.; ὑπὲρ δ. <span class="bibl">D.18.193</span>; opp. [[κατὰ δ]]. as far as [[lies in one]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.142</span>, etc. (κὰδ δ. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>336</span>); εἰς δύναμιν <span class="bibl">Cratin. 172</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 458e</span>, etc.; πρὸς τὴν δ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>231a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[outward power]], [[influence]], [[authority]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>174</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>779</span> (lyr.); καταπαύσαντα τὴν Κύρου δ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.90</span>; δυνάμει προὔχοντες <span class="bibl">Th.7.21</span>, etc.; [[ἐν δ. εἶναι]], [[γενέσθαι]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.4.5</span>, <span class="bibl">D.13.29</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[force for war]], [[forces]], δ. ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.100</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>240d</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.41.2</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>21.22</span>, <span class="title">OGI</span>139.8 (ii B. C.); [[μετὰ]] [[δυνάμεων ἱκανῶν]] Wilcken <span class="title">Chr.</span>10 (ii B. C.), etc.; δ. καὶ πεζὴ καὶ ἱππικὴ καὶ ναυτική <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.12</span>; [[πέντε δυνάμεσι πεφρουρημένον]], of the five projecting rows of sarissae in the phalanx, Ascl.<span class="title">Tact.</span>5.2,al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[a power]], [[quantity]], χρημάτων δ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.9</span>.ά. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[means]], κατὰ δύναμιν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EE</span>1243b12</span>; opp. [[παρὰ δ]]., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>8.3</span>; κατὰ δ. τῶν ὑπαρχόντων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1051.17</span> (Aug.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[power]], [[faculty]], [[capacity]], αἱ ἀμφὶ τὸ σῶμα δ. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>14</span>; αἱ τοῦ σώματος δυνάμεις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>185e</span>; ἡ τῆς ὄψεως δ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span> 532a</span>; ἡ τῶν λεγόντων δ. <span class="bibl">D.22.11</span>: c. gen. rei, [[capacity for]], τῶν ἔργων <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1309a35</span>; τοῦ λέγειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1362b22</span>; [[τοῦ λόγου]], [[τῶν λόγων]], <span class="bibl">Men.578</span>, <span class="bibl">Alex.94</span>; δ. στρατηγική <span class="bibl">Plb.1.84.6</span>; δ. ἐν πραγματείᾳ <span class="bibl">Id.2.56.5</span>; δ. συνθετική <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>2</span>: abs., any [[natural capacity]] or [[faculty]], that may be improved and may be used for good or ill, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span> 126a37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">MM</span>1183b28</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[elementary force]], such as heat, cold, etc., <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>16</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>646a14</span>; [[ἡ τοῦ θερμοῦ δ]].ib.<span class="bibl">650a5</span>; θερμαντικὴ δ. <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Fr.</span>60</span>, cf. Polystr.<span class="bibl">p.23</span> W. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[property]], [[quality]], ἰδίην δύναμιν καὶ φύσιν ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nat.Hom.</span>5</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Vict.</span>1.10</span>; esp. of the [[natural properties]] of plants, etc., [[αἱ δ. τῶν φυομένων]], [[τῶν σπερμάτων]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.8.14</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>8.11.1</span>; [[productive power]], τῆς γῆς Id.<span class="title">Oec.</span>16.4; μετάλλων Id.<span class="title">Vect.</span>4.1: generally, [[function]], [[faculty]], [[δύναμις φυσική]], [[ζωική]], [[ψυχική]], Gal.10.635; [[περὶ φυσικῶν δ]]., title of work by Galen. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> in pl., [[agencies]], [[ὑπάρχειν ἐν τῇ φύσει τὰς τοιαύτας δυνάμεις]] (sc. the gods) Polystr.p.10 W. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> [[function]], [[meaning]], of part in whole, Id.p.17 W. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">e</span> in Music, [[function]], [[value]], of a note in the scale, δ. ἐστι τάξις φθόγγου ἐν συστήματι <span class="bibl">Cleonid.<span class="title">Harm.</span>14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Aristox.<span class="title">Harm.</span>p.69M.</span>; [[μέση κατὰ δύναμιν]], opp. [[κατὰ θέσιν]], <span class="bibl">Ptol. <span class="title">Harm.</span>2.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[faculty]], [[art]], or [[craft]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>532d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span> 1018a30</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span>1094a10</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.1.1</span>; [[δ. σκεπτική]] the [[doctrine]] of the Sceptics, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>7.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[a medicine]], <span class="bibl">Timostr.7</span>, etc.; δ. ἁπλαῖ <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Decent.</span>9</span>, <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">CD</span>1.4</span>, etc.; δ. πολυφάρμακοι Plu.2.403c, Gal.13.365: in pl., [[collection of formulae]] or [[prescriptions]], <span class="bibl">Orib.10.33</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[action]] of medicines, [[περὶ τῆς ἁπλῶν φαρμάκων δ]]., title of work by Galen; also, [[potency]], [[δυνάμει θερμά]], [[ψυχρά]], <span class="bibl">Id.1.672</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[magically potent substance]] or [[object]], PMag.Leid.V.8.12: in pl., [[magical powers]], <span class="bibl">Hld.4.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[force]] or [[meaning]] of a word, <span class="bibl">Lys.10.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Cra.</span>394b</span>, <span class="bibl">Diog.Oen.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Sign.</span>31</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> phonetic [[value]] of sounds or letters, <span class="bibl">Plb.10.47.8</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>12</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Jud.Voc.</span>5</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[worth]] or [[value]] of money, <span class="bibl">Th.6.46</span>,<span class="bibl">2.97</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Lyc.</span>9</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sol.</span> 15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[capability of existing]] or [[acting]], [[potentiality]], opp. [[actuality]] (ἐνέργεια), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1047b31</span>, <span class="bibl">1051a5</span>, etc.: hence [[δυνάμει]] as Adv., [[virtually]], ὕστερον ὂν τῇ τάξει, πρότερον τῇ δυνάμει… ἐστί <span class="bibl">D.3.15</span>; opp. [[ἐνεργείᾳ]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span>86a28</span>, al.; opp. [[ἐντελεχείᾳ]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>193b8</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> Math., [[power]], κατὰ μεταφορὰν ἡ ἐν γεωμετρίᾳ λέγεται δ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1019b33</span>; usu. [[second power]], [[square]], [[κατὰ δύναμιν]] in [[square]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>54b</span>, cf. <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>11, etc.: chiefly in dat., [[[εὐθεῖα] δυνάμει ἴση]] a line [[the square]] on which is equal to an area, ἡ BA [[ἐλάσσων ἐστὶν ἢ διπλασίων δυνάμει τῆς]] AK the [[square]] on BA is less than double of the [[square]] on AK, <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Sph.Cyl.</span>2.9</span>: [[εὐθεῖαι δ. σύμμετροι]] commensurable [[in square]], <span class="bibl">Euc.10</span><span class="title">Def.</span>2; [[ἡ δυνάμει δεκάς]] the series 12 + 22… + 102, <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>64. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[square number]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>32a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> [[square]] of an unknown quantity (<span class="bibl">x2</span>), Dioph.<span class="title">Def.</span>2, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[square root]] of a number which is not a perfect square, [[surd]], opp. [[μῆκος]], <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Tht.</span>147d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[product]] of two numbers, [[ἡ ἀμφοῖν]] (sc. [[τριάδος καὶ δυάδος]]) δ. ἑξάς <span class="bibl">Ph.1.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">in Nic.</span>p.108</span> P.; [[δυνάμει]] [[in product]], <span class="bibl">Hero <span class="title">Metr.</span>1.15</span>, <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>33. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> concrete, [[powers]], esp. of divine beings, αἱ δ. τῶν οὐρανῶν <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Is.</span>34.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Pet.</span>3.22</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Ph.1.587</span>, <span class="title">Corp.Herm.</span>1.26, <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Abst.</span>2.34</span>: sg., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>8.10</span>, <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.1275; [[πολυώνυμος δ]]., of God, <span class="bibl">Secund.<span class="title">Sent.</span>3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VII</span> [[manifestation of divine power]], [[miracle]], Ev.Matt.11.21, al., Buresch [[Aus Lydien]] 113, etc.</span>