τοίνυν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(τοι, νυν) <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[therefore]], [[accordingly]], an inferential Particle (never in Hom. or Hes.), χρὴ τ. πύλας ὕμνων ἀναπιτνάμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.27</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ τ</b>… <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.57</span>; <b class="b3">ἂν τ</b>… <span class="bibl">D.4.7</span>; introducing a logical conclusion (less freq. than [[οὖν]]), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>159d</span>; <b class="b3">φανερὸν τ., δῆλον τ</b>., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1260a2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span>641a15</span>; also to introduce a minor premiss, or a particular instance of a general proposition, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>399b</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.103</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in dialogue, to introduce an answer, [[well]] or [[well then]], ἄπειμι τ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1050</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.5.89</span>, etc.; esp. an answer which has been led up to by the same speaker, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>76a</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).121.31 (Epid., iv B. C.); in response to an invitation to speak, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>961</span>, etc.; in expression of approval, esp. in phrase καλῶς τ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>433a</span>, etc.; κάλλιστα τ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>856</span>; also of disapproval or criticism, ἀπόλοιο τ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1236</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1067</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> continuing an argument, [[well then]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>178d</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.1.36</span>, <span class="bibl">7.7.28</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> resuming the thread of argument or narrative after a break, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>562b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>275d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.47.64</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> adding or passing to a fresh item or point, [[further]], [[moreover]], [[again]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>33c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.8.73</span>, <span class="bibl">20.18</span>; ἔτι τ. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>19</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span> 109a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cri.</span>52c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.20.8</span>; καὶ τ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.2.25</span>; καί τ. καί <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>234a</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ τ. μηδέ</b> . . [[nay]], not even... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.6.19</span>; οὐ τ. οὐδέ [[nor again]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>57</span>, <span class="bibl">D.20.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> sts. at the beginning of a speech, <b class="b3">ἐγὼ μὲν τ</b> .... referring to something present to the minds of the speaker and hearer, [[now]] I... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.1.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.2.14</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> with subj. of exhortation or imper., in signfs. <span class="bibl">1</span>,<span class="bibl">2</span>,<span class="bibl">3</span>, <b class="b3">εὖ τ. ἐπίστασθε</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>3.1.36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.4.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>20.25</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> Position: in early writers [[τοίνυν]] is never the first word in a sentence, but this is not uncommon in later authors, as <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Is.</span>3.10</span>, <span class="title">Mim. Oxy.</span>413.225, <span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span> l.c., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Hebr.</span>13.13</span>, Gal.2.526, <span class="bibl">S.E. <span class="title">M.</span>8.429</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>11.127 (Poll.), <span class="title">IG</span>4.620.13 (Argos), Chor.32.34 F.-R. cod. (&lt;[[τῷ]]&gt; add. Kaibel); it is usually placed second, but sts. later, ἥξω φέρουσα συμβολὰς τ. ἅμα <span class="bibl">Alex.143.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>863</span>, etc. [ῠ regularly, as <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>760</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>71</span>: but sts. ῡ, as <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1259</span>, Alex. l. c.; in anap., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>429</span>,<span class="bibl">435</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>481</span>.]</span>