ὀρθός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[straight]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> in height, [[upright]], [[standing]], Hom., who commonly joins it with στῆναι, στῆ δ' ὀρθός <span class="bibl">Il.23.271</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.111</span>,<span class="bibl">9.22</span> (where it is used of a horse rearing); ὀρθαὶ τρίχες ἔσταν <span class="bibl">Il.24.359</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>540</span> ; ὀρθῶν ἑσταότων ἀγορή <span class="bibl">Il.18.246</span> ; οἱ δ' ἐν νηΐ μ' ἔδησαν . . ὀρθὸν ἐν ἱστοπέδῃ <span class="bibl">Od.12.179</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>239</span> (anap.); κυρβασίας . . ὀρθὰς εἶχον πεπηγυίας <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.64</span> ; ὀρθὸν αἴρεις κάρα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span> 496</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὀρθὸν οὖς ἵστησι</b> pricks up his ear, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>27</span>, etc.; applied to the [[erect]] posture of man, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>653a31</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ὀ. θηρίον</b>, of man, <span class="bibl">Philem.3</span> ; of buildings, [[standing with their walls entire]], [τὸ Πάνακτον] ὀρθὸν παραδοῦναι <span class="bibl">Th.5.42</span> ; ὀρθαὶ κίονες <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.267</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span> 3.755v</span>.<span class="bibl">2</span>(iv A. D.); of a [[standing]] crop, ib.<span class="bibl">1165.2</span> (ii A. D.). Adv., ὀρθῶς ἑστῶτες <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>689b19</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> Geom., <b class="b2">at right angles to . .</b>, εὐθεῖα πρὸς ἐπίπεδον ὀρθή ἐστιν ὅταν . . <span class="bibl">Euc.11</span><span class="title">Def.</span>3. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> Astrol., <b class="b3">ὀρθὰ ζῴδια</b> signs [[which rise vertically]], opp. [[πλάγια]], Doroth. in <b class="b2">Cat. Cod. Astr</b>.<span class="bibl">5</span> (''1'').<span class="bibl">240</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> in line, [[straight]] (opp. [[σκολιός]] crooked and [[πλάγιος]] aslant), <b class="b3">ἀντ' ἠελίου τετραμμένος ὀρθός</b> [[straight]], [[right]] opposite the sun, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>727</span> ; ὀρθὸν εὐθύνοι βέλος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>200</span> ; <b class="b3">ποιῶν ὀρθὰ πάντα πρὸς</b> κανόνα <span class="title">IG</span>7.3073.108 (Lebadea, ii B. C.); <b class="b3">ὀ. τρῶμα</b> [[longitudinal]] to the muscle, opp. [[ἐπικάρσιος]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Prorrh.</span>2.15</span> ; ὀρθὸς εἰς ὁδὸν πορεύεται <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Aj.</span>1254</span> ; εἶμι . . ὀ. ὁδόν <span class="bibl">Thgn.945</span> ; ὀ. κέλευθον ἰών <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>11.39</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀρθὴν κελεύεις</b>, i. e. <b class="b3">ὀρθὴν ὁδόν με ἰέναι κ</b>., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1</span> ; so <b class="b3">ὀρθὴν ἄνω δίωκε</b> (sc. όδόν) <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>1223</span> (but [[ὀρθήν]], = [[εὐθύς]], <span class="bibl">Hyp.<span class="title">Fr.</span>257</span>); <b class="b3">δι' ὀρθῆς τήνδε ναυκληρεῖς πόλιν</b> (sc. [[ὁδοῦ]]) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>994</span> ; εἰς ὀρθὸν τρέχειν <span class="bibl">Diph.61.5</span> ; εἰς ὀρθὸν ἀποδοῦναι [[to face the front originally held]], Ascl.<span class="title">Tact.</span>10.1 ; κατ' ὀρθὸν εὐδρομεῖν <span class="bibl">Men.681</span> ; also ὀρθᾷ χερί [[straightway]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).4</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀρθῷ ποδί</b> ib.<span class="bibl">13.72</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>167</span> ; but <b class="b3">τιθέναι ὀρθὸν πόδα</b> is prob. [[to put the foot out]], as in walking, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>294</span> (v. κατηρεφής ''1''), cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span> 1166</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">βλέπειν ὀρθά</b>, opp. being blind, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>419</span> ; ὀρθὸν ἀνέβλεψε [[recovered his sight]], IG 14.966 (Rome, ii A. D.); ἐξ ὀμμάτων ὀ . . κἀξ ὀρθῆς φρενός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>528</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀρθοῖς ὄμμασιν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1385</span> ; v. [[ὄμμα]] ''1''. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> metaph., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[right]], [[safe]], [[prosperous]]: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> partly from signf. ''1'', τοὺς δὲ τομαῖς ἔστασεν ὀρθούς [[set them up]], [[restored]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.53</span> ; so <b class="b3">ὀρθὸν ἀστάσας</b> (= [[ἀναστήσας]]) <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).122.52 (Epid., iv B. C.); ἐς ὀρθὸν ἱστάναι τινά <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1230</span> ; ὀρθὰν φυλάσσειν Τένεδον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>11.5</span>; so στάντες τ' ἐς ὀρθὸν καὶ πεσόντες ὕστερον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>50</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>181b</span> ; <b class="b3">ταύτης ἔπι</b> (sc. [[χθονός]]) <b class="b3">πλέοντες ὀρθῆς</b> (the state being represented as a ship) <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ant.</span>190</span> ; ἐν ὀρθῷ κεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Plb.31.7.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> partly from signf. ''ΙΙ'', <b class="b3">κατ' ὀρθὸν ἐξελθεῖν</b>, of prophecies, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>88</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>1424</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ὀρθὸν οὐρίσαι</b> to speed [[in prosperous course]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>695</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[right]], [[true]], [[correct]], <b class="b3">ἄγγελος, ἀγγελία, νόος</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.90</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>4.279</span>, <span class="bibl">10.68</span> ; μάρτυρες <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span> 318</span> (anap.), etc.; γλῶσσα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>351</span> ; ὀρθᾷ φρενί <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.24</span>; <b class="b3">ὄρθ' ἀκούειν</b> to be [[rightly]], [[truly]] called, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>903</span> (lyr.); κατὰ τὸ ὀ. δικάζειν <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.96</span>; ὀ. λόγῳ [[strictly speaking]], [[in very truth]], <span class="bibl">Id.2.17</span>, <span class="bibl">6.68</span>, etc.: so in Adv., ὀρθῶς λέγειν <span class="bibl">Id.1.51</span> ; ὀ. ἔλεξας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>341</span> ; ὀ. φράσαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>526</span> ; εἴρηκας ὀ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1040</span>; ὀ. φρονεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1000</span>, <span class="bibl">Archyt.1</span> (so εἰς ὀρθὸν φ. <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Fr.</span>612</span>); ὀ. γνῶναι <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.2.8</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀ. ἔχει</b> it is [[right]], c. inf., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span> 9a</span> ; ὀ. ἐνδίκως τ' ἐπώνυμον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>405</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">829</span> (anap.): in answers, [[rightly]], [[exactly]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>359e</span>; ὀ. γε <span class="bibl">Diph.32.18</span>: Sup., ὀρθότατα καλεόμενος <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.59</span> ; so τὸ ὀρθὸν ἐξείρηκα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>374</span> ; <b class="b3">φωνεῖν δίκης ἐς ὀρθόν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">347</span> ; κατ' ὀρθόν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>44b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[true]], [[real]], [[genuine]], <b class="b3">ὀ. πολιτεῖαι</b>, opp. [[παρεκβάσεις]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1279a18</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὀ. μανία</b> [[real]] madness, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>11.32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.11.11</span>. Adv. <b class="b3">-θῶς</b> [[really]], [[truly]], τοὺς ὀ. φιλομαθεῖς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>67b</span> ; ὁ ὀ. κυβερνήτης <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>341c</span> ; τὸν ὀ. συγγενῆ <span class="bibl">Diph. 102</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[upright]], [[just]], ἐμμένειν ὀ. νόμῳ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>350</span> (lyr.); τὸ ὀ. [[uprightness]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>540d</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐπιστήμη ἐνοῦσα καὶ ὀ. λόγος</b> (v. [[λόγος]] IV. I) <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span> 73a</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ὀ. λόγος διὰ πάντων ἐρχόμενος</b> (v. λόγος <span class="bibl">111.7</span>) <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.3.4</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀ. λόγοι</b> [[virtues]] on the intellectual side, <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Piet.</span>8</span>. Adv. ὀρθῶς [[rightly]], [[justly]], <span class="bibl">Th.3.56</span>; ὀ. καὶ δικαίως <span class="bibl">Antipho1.10</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.228.14 (iv B. C.), <span class="title">IPE</span>12.32<span class="hiitalic">B</span>73 (Olbia, iii B. C.), etc.; ὀ. καὶ νομίμως <span class="bibl">Isoc.7.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> of persons, <b class="b2">'straight', straightforward</b>, σμικροὶ καὶ οὐκ ὀρθοὶ τὰς ψυχάς <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Tht.</span>173a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">on tiptoe, full of expectation, excited</b>, ὀρθῆς τῆς πόλεως γενομένης διά τι <span class="bibl">Isoc.16.7</span> ; τὴν Ἑλλάδα ὀρθὴν οὖσαν ἐπί τινι <span class="bibl">Id.5.70</span> ; ὀ. ἦν ἡ πόλις ἐπὶ τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν <span class="bibl">Lycurg.39</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hyp.<span class="title">Fr.</span>39</span> ; ὀ. καὶ μετέωροι ταῖς διανοίαις <span class="bibl">Plb.28.17.11</span> ; ὀ. καὶ περίφοβος ἦν ἡ πόλις <span class="bibl">Id.3.112.6</span> ; ὀ. διὰ τὸν φόβον <span class="bibl">D.S.16.84</span> ; ὀ. καὶ δραστήριος διὰ τὸ θαρρεῖν <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Phil.</span>12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">ἡ ὀρθή</b>, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> (sc. [[ὁδός]]) v. supr. <span class="bibl">11.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ὀ. γωνία</b> [[right]] angle, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>55b</span> ; so [[ὀ]]. alone, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1098a30</span>, al.; cf. [[ὄρθιος]] v. ''1'' : <b class="b3">τέμνειν πρὸς ὀρθάς</b> to cut [[at right angles]], <span class="bibl">Euc.3.3</span>, al.; <b class="b3">εἴ τις δείξειεν ὅτι αἱ ὀρθαὶ οὐ συμπίπτουσι . .</b> that [[right angles]] do not meet (short for 'that two straight lines making, with a third, interior angles equal to two right angles, etc.'), Arist.<span class="title">AP</span>0.74a13 ; <b class="b3">τὸ δυσὶν ὀρθαῖς</b> <b class="b2">the theorem that the angles of a triangle are together equal to two right angles</b>, ib.85b5 ; <b class="b3">ὀρθὸς κῶνος, κύλινδρος</b>, a [[right]] cone, cylinder, <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Sph.Cyl.</span>1.26</span>, <span class="bibl">1.11</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> (with or without [[πτῶσις]]) [[nominative]], Lat. [[casus rectus]], opp. the oblique cases, <span class="bibl">D.T. 636.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.14.2.28</span>, <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>39.10</span>, al., <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>1.177</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> [[ὀρθά]] [[active verbs]], opp. [[ὕπτια]] (passive) and [[οὐδέτερα]] (neuter), <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.2.59</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> <b class="b3">ὀ. τόνος</b> [[real]] or [[unmodified]] (cf. supr. <span class="bibl">111.3</span>) accent, opp. [[ἐγκλινόμενος]], <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>36.10</span>, al.; so <b class="b3">ὀρθὴ τάσις</b> ib.<span class="bibl">54.8</span>, al. (The gloss of Hsch., <b class="b3">βορθ-αγορίσκοι</b>, = [[ὀ]]., and the dialect forms of [[Ὀρθεία]] (q.v.), suggest that the word orig. had [[ϝ]].) </span>