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τριήρης: Difference between revisions
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|Transliteration C=triiris | |Transliteration C=triiris | ||
|Beta Code=trih/rhs | |Beta Code=trih/rhs | ||
|Definition=(sc. [[ναῦς]]), ἡ, gen. εος, Att. ους <span class="title">IG</span>22.1629.615, Ion. ευς <span class="bibl">Hippon.49.2</span>; acc. εα, Att. η <span class="title">IG</span>22.1610.30, 1623.113, 1632.235,338 (but [[τριήρην]] ib.1628.35, 1629.862): nom. pl. εες, Att. <b class="b3"> | |Definition=(sc. [[ναῦς]]), ἡ, gen. εος, Att. ους <span class="title">IG</span>22.1629.615, Ion. ευς <span class="bibl">Hippon.49.2</span>; acc. εα, Att. η <span class="title">IG</span>22.1610.30, 1623.113, 1632.235,338 (but [[τριήρην]] ib.1628.35, 1629.862): nom. pl. εες, Att. <b class="b3">εις;</b> gen. [[τριήρων]] ib.1627.397, etc., Ion. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> τριηρέων <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.89</span>; hence <span class="bibl">Choerob. <span class="title">in Theod.</span>1.411</span> H. prescribes as the contr. form [[τριηρῶν]], not [[τριήρων]], as in codd. of <span class="bibl">Th.6.46</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.4.11</span>, <span class="bibl">D.14.9</span>, v. Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.428</span>; Thom.Mag.p.356 R. prescribes sg. [[τριήρεος]] and pl. [[τριήρων]] (<b class="b3">τριήρεων ρὰρ . . λέγομεν</b>"), citing Aristid.1.431 J.: gen. dual τριήροιν <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">HG</span>1.5.19</span>:—a [[trireme]], i.e. prob. a [[galley]] with three men on each [[bench]], each man rowing one [[oar]], and three oars passing together through the [[παρεξειρεσία]] (cf. Tarn [[Hellenistic Military and Naval Developments]], Cambridge <span class="bibl">1930</span>,<span class="bibl">pp.122</span> sqq.), <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.159</span>, <span class="bibl">7.36</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1</span>. <span class="bibl">13</span>, <span class="bibl">2.93</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>369b10</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HA</span>533b6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>1411a23</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.1623.276, <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>1.24</span>, etc.; τ. ἱππηγοί <span class="title">IG</span>22.1627.241. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b2">a ship-shaped drinking-vessel</b>, <span class="bibl">Antiph.224.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Epin.2.8</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> as Adj. = [[τριώροφος]], [[οἰκίαι]] <span class="bibl">Aristid.<span class="title">Or.</span>27(16).20</span>.</span> | ||
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|elnltext= | |elnltext=τριήρης -ους, zonder contr. -εος, ἡ [τρι -, ἐρέττω] triëre, drie-riemer (oorlogsschip met drie rijen roeiers). | ||
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|woodrun=[[trireme]], [[a ship with three banks of oars]] | |woodrun=[[trireme]], [[a ship with three banks of oars]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Wikipedia EL== | |||
[[File:Romtrireme.jpg|thumb|A Roman mosaic from Tunisia showing a trireme vessel during the Roman Empire]] | |||
Η τριήρης ήταν αρχαίο κωπήλατο πολεμικό πλοίο με τρεις (3) σειρές κωπηλατών, το οποίο, πλήρως επανδρωμένο, μπορούσε να πλεύσει σε πρωτοφανή, για τα δεδομένα της εποχής ταχύτητα και έλκει την προέλευσή του από την Κόρινθο. Πρόκειται για εξέλιξη της διήρους, η οποία κυριαρχούσε, ήδη, στη Μεσόγειο Θάλασσα, με ιδιαίτερη χρήση από τους αρχαίους Έλληνες, τους Φοίνικες και, αργότερα, τους Ρωμαίους και προέλευση, πιθανώς, φοινικική. Ο όρος «διήρης» έπαψε να χρησιμοποιείται από τη Ρωμαϊκή περίοδο και μετά, έχοντας, πλέον, αντικατασταθεί από τον όρο «πεντηκόντορος». | |||
Η τριήρης πήρε το όνομά της από τις τρεις σειρές κουπιών (αρχ. ελλ.: κωπίον/ ερέτης: κωπηλάτης/ Ερέτρια: η πόλη των κωπηλατών/ τρι-ήρης: τρεις σειρές κωπίων), με έναν κωπηλάτη ανά κουπί, όπως άρχισε να κατασκευάζεται, χαρακτηριστικό που ίσχυε καθολικά στους στόλους της αρχαϊκής, κλασικής και ελληνιστικής περιόδου. Η χρήση της τριήρους, σύντομα, επεκτάθηκε και σε ναυτικές δυνάμεις της Μεσογείου, πέραν των ελληνικών, αλλά αυτές υιοθέτησαν και παραλλαγές με δίκροτες τριήρεις, δηλαδή, με δυο καταστρώματα και δύο (2) κωπηλάτες ανά κουπί στο πάνω κατάστρωμα, καθώς και μονόκροτες, δηλαδή, με ένα κατάστρωμα και τρεις (3) κωπηλάτες ανά κουπί. | |||
==Wikipedia EN== | |||
A trireme (/ˈtraɪriːm/, TRY-reem; derived from Latin: trirēmis "with three banks of oars"; Ancient Greek: τριήρης triērēs, literally "three-rower") was an ancient vessel and a type of galley that was used by the ancient maritime civilizations of the Mediterranean, especially the Phoenicians, ancient Greeks and Romans. | |||
The trireme derives its name from its three rows of oars, manned with one man per oar. The early trireme was a development of the penteconter, an ancient warship with a single row of 25 oars on each side (i.e., a single-banked boat), and of the bireme (Ancient Greek: διήρης, diērēs), a warship with two banks of oars, of Phoenician origin. The word dieres does not appear until the Roman period. According to Morrison and Williams, "It must be assumed the term pentekontor covered the two-level type". As a ship it was fast and agile, and it was the dominant warship in the Mediterranean during the 7th to 4th centuries BC, after which it was largely superseded by the larger quadriremes and quinqueremes. Triremes played a vital role in the Persian Wars, the creation of the Athenian maritime empire, and its downfall in the Peloponnesian War. | |||
The term is sometimes also used to refer to medieval and early modern galleys with three files of oarsmen per side as triremes. | |||
==Wikipedia DE== | |||
Die Triere (altgriechisch τριήρης trieres) oder Trireme (lateinisch trieris, triremis, beides deutsch Dreiruderer) war ein rudergetriebenes Kriegsschiff des Altertums mit drei gestaffelt angeordneten Reihen von Ruderern (remiges) mit je einem Riemen. Sie war vom 6. bis zum 3. Jahrhundert v. Chr. das wichtigste Kriegsschiff der Seemächte im Mittelmeer. | |||
==Translations== | |||
af: drieriemsgalei; ar: ثلاثية المجاديف; ast: trirreme; az: triyera; bg: триера; br: teirroeñveg; ca: trirrem; cs: triéra; da: triere; de: Triere; el: τριήρης; en: trireme; eo: triremo; es: trirreme; et: trieer; eu: trirreme; fa: ترایریم; fi: kolmisoutu; fr: trière; ga: tríréim; gl: trirreme; he: תלת-חתרית; hr: trijera; hu: triérész; id: trireme; io: triremo; it: trireme; ja: 三段櫂船; ka: ტრირემა; kk: трирема; ko: 삼단노선; la: triremis; lt: trirema; nl: trireem; no: trirem; oc: trirema; pl: triera; pt: trirreme; ro: triremă; ru: трирема; scn: tririmi; sh: trirema; simple: trireme; sk: triréma; sl: triera; sr: тријера; sv: trirem; tr: trireme; uk: трієра; zh: 三列槳座戰船 | |||