πυκνός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, poet. also πῠκῐνός, ή, όν, both forms in Ep. (v. infr.) and Lyr., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.52</span> (Sup.), B.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1; Aeol. πύκνος Sapph.1.11, Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>14.9 ([[πύκινος]] is dub. l. <span class="bibl">Id.82</span>); Trag. πυκνός, exc. S. in lyr., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>1208</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>854</span>; [[πυκινός]] once in Com., <span class="bibl">Eub.38</span> (s.v.l.): Lacon. Sup. [[πουκότατος]] is corrupt in Simm.26.17:—<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[close]], [[compact]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of a thing with reference to the close union of its parts, [[close]], [[firm]], [[solid]], πυκινὸς θώρηξ <span class="bibl">Il.15.529</span>; χλαῖναν πυκνὴν καὶ μεγάλην <span class="bibl">Od.14.521</span>; πυκινὸν νέφος <span class="bibl">Il.5.751</span>; <b class="b3">πυκινὸν λέχος</b> [[well-stuffed]], [[firm]] bed, <span class="bibl">9.621</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.7.340</span>; πυκνὸν καὶ μαλακόν <span class="bibl">Il.14.349</span>; Ἁρμονίης πυκινῷ κρυφῷ <span class="bibl">Emp.27.3</span>; σπάρτα πυκνὰ ἐστραμμένα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.7.15</span>; π. δέμας <span class="bibl">Parm. 8.59</span>; of a sponge, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Ulc.</span>2</span>; π. ὀστοῦν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>75b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>22</span>; [[[σάρκες]]] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>74e</span>; <b class="b3">χρυσοῦ πυκνότερον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">59b</span>; ἔβενος <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.5.5</span>; πλεύμων Plu.2.698b; [[χωρία]] ib.650d; πυκινὴν νάπαις Ἄζιλιν <span class="bibl">Call. <span class="title">Ap.</span>89</span>; [<b class="b3">ὁ ἐλαιὼν] πυκνός ἐστι τοῖς φυτοῖς</b> [[overgrown]] with plants, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>113.8</span> (i/ii A.D.); ξοῒς χαρακτὴ π. <span class="title">IG</span>7.3073.104 (Lebad., ii B.C.); of a woman, [[thick-set]], [[stocky]], <span class="bibl">Sor.1.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[narrow]], [[constricted]], οὐ διέρχεται . . ἀρκέουσα ἰκμάς... πυκνῆς τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐούσης <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.73</span>; πυκνοὺς ἔχουσι τοὺς πόρους τοῦ σώματος <span class="bibl">Alex.Aphr.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of the parts of a thing, [[close-packed]], [[crowded]], πυκιναὶ κίνυντο φάλαγγες <span class="bibl">Il.4.281</span>; τῶν δὲ στίχες ἥατο πυκναί <span class="bibl">7.61</span>, etc.; πυκινὸν λόχον εἷσαν <span class="bibl">4.392</span>, etc.(v. infr. <span class="bibl">111.1</span>); πυκνὰ καρήατα λαῶν <span class="bibl">11.309</span>; πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν <span class="bibl">13.133</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.5.480</span>; σταυροῖσιν πυκινοῖσι <span class="bibl">Il.24.453</span>; σταυροὺς . . πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέας <span class="bibl">Od.14.12</span>; of [[thick]] plumage, πυκινὰ πτερά <span class="bibl">5.53</span>; πτερὰ πυκνά <span class="bibl">Il.11.454</span>, <span class="bibl">23.879</span>; but <b class="b3">πύκνα πτέρα</b> [[fast-beating]] wings, Sapph.1.11 (and so perh. Hom. ll. cc.); freq. of thick foliage, <b class="b3">ὕλη, λόχμη, θάμνοι, ὄζοι, ῥωπήϊα, δρυμά, πέταλα</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.320</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.439</span>, <span class="bibl">5.471</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.21.245</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.473</span>, <span class="bibl">10.150</span>, <span class="bibl">19.520</span>; π. νέφεα <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>553</span>; <b class="b3">πυκινοῖσι λίθοισι</b> with [[close-laid]] stones, <span class="bibl">Il.16.212</span>; <b class="b3">πυκινοῖσι . . βελέεσσι</b> with [[a thick shower of]] darts, <span class="bibl">11.576</span>; πυκνῆσιν λιθάδεσσιν <span class="bibl">Od.14.36</span>; τοξεύματα πολλὰ καὶ π. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.218</span>; <b class="b3">πυκνοῖς ὄσσοις δεδορκώς</b>, of Argus, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>678</span>; <b class="b3">πεπλεκτανημέναι π. δράκουσιν</b>, of the Furies, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>1050</span>; of [[thick-falling]] rain, snow, etc., πυκνῆς ἀκοῦσαι ψακάδος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>636</span>; πυκιναῖς δρόσοις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1208</span> (lyr.); πυκνῇ νιφάδι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>1129</span>; <b class="b3">π. ῥόος</b> a [[dense]] current, <span class="bibl">Emp.100.14</span>; π. θρίξ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>4.6</span>; π. τρίχες <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>321a</span>; [[[δένδρεα]]] <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.8.2</span>; τὰ μὲν π… τὰ δὲ μανὰ κατὰ τὴν φυτείαν <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.8.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> in Tactics, [[in close order]], opp. [[ἀραιός]], Ascl.<span class="title">Tact.</span>4.1 (Sup.), <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Tact.</span>11.1</span> (Comp.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of a repeated action, [[frequent]], [[numerous]], πυκνοὺς θεοπρόπους ἴαλλε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>658</span>; τῶν π. φιλημάτων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>135</span>; ὀδύναι πυκνόταται <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>22</span>; πυκινῶν κρεγμῶν ἀκροαζομένα <span class="bibl">Epich.109</span> (anap.); π. ὁδοὺς ἐλθόντα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>235</span>; <b class="b3">π. βαίνων ἤλυσιν</b>, of a blind man, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>844</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν πυκνῷ θεοῦ τροχῷ κυκλεῖται</b> on the [[oft-revolving]] wheel, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>871.1</span>; μεταβολαὶ πυκνόταται Hp.Aër.13; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα πυκνότερον</b> [[quicker]] breathing, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Acut.</span>16</span>; π. σφυγμὸς ἢ μανός Plu.2.136f; [[continuous]], [[constant]], φῶς <span class="title">Corp.Herm.</span> 16.10; ἐρωτήμασι πυκνοῖς χρώμενοι <span class="bibl">Th.7.44</span>; ἡ . . εἰωθυῖά μοι μαντικὴ . . πάνυ πυκνὴ ἦν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>40a</span>; ἐπιθυμίαι π. τε καὶ σφοδραί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>573e</span>; τὰς ἐντεύξεις π. ποιεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.20</span>: c. inf., <b class="b3">πυκνοτέραν εἰσαφικνεῖσθαι πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ποιεῖν τὴν πόλιν</b> [[more frequently]] visited by... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Vect.</span>5.1</span> codd. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> of artificial union, [[well put together]], [[compact]], [[strong]], <b class="b3">πυκινὸς δόμος, χηλός, θύραι, θάλαμος, κευθμῶνες</b> (v. infr. B. 111.1), <span class="bibl">Il.10.267</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.68</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.14.167</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.23.229</span>, <span class="bibl">10.283</span>; ἀσπὶς ῥινοῖσιν πυκινή <span class="bibl">Il.13.804</span>; π. δῶμα <span class="bibl">Xenoph.17</span>: hence, [[close]], [[concealed]], πυκινὸς δόλος <span class="bibl">Il.6.187</span>; and so perhaps <b class="b3">π. λόχος</b>, v. supr. <span class="bibl">11.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in Music, [[πυκνόν]], [[τό]], part of the tetrachord in which the intervals are small, defined as τὸ ἐκ δύο διαστημάτων συνεστηκὸς ἃ συντεθέντα ἔλαττον διάστημα περιέξει τοῦ λειπομένου διαστήματος ἐν τῷ διὰ τεσσάρων <span class="bibl">Aristox.<span class="title">Harm.</span> p.24M.</span>, cf. Plu.2.1135b, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> generally, [[strong]] of its kind, [[sore]], [[excessive]], ἄτη <span class="bibl">Il.24.480</span>; μελεδῶναι <span class="bibl">Od.19.516</span>; ἄχος <span class="bibl">Il.16.599</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> metaph. of the mind, [[shrewd]], [[wise]], πυκιναὶ φρένες <span class="bibl">14.294</span>, cf. Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>14.9, B. l.c.; νόος <span class="bibl">Il.15.461</span>; μήδεα <span class="bibl">3.208</span>; βουλή <span class="bibl">2.55</span>; ἐφετμή <span class="bibl">18.216</span>; μῦθοι <span class="bibl">Od.3.23</span>; ἔπος <span class="bibl">Il.11.788</span>; [[θυμός]], [[βουλαί]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.73</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">I.</span>7(6).8</span>; φρήν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>67</span>; <b class="b3">μήτιδι πυκνῇ</b> Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.141</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>3.1320: in Prose, πυκνὴ διάνοια <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>568a</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ π</b>. [[terseness]] of expression, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Th.</span>24</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of persons, [[sagacious]], [[shrewd]], [[crafty]], [[cunning]], Σίσυφος πυκνότατος παλάμαις <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.52</span>; κύων πυκινώτατον ἑρπετόν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>106</span>; [[πυκινοί]] [[the wise]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>854</span> (lyr.); πυκνότατον κίναδος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>430</span> (lyr.); πυκνός τις καὶ σοφὸς γνώμην ἀνήρ <span class="bibl">Critias 25.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> Adv. [[πυκινῶς]], and after Hom. [[πυκνῶς]], [[θύραι]] or <b class="b3">σανίδες πυκινῶς ἀραρυῖαι</b> [[close]] or [[fast shut]], <span class="bibl">Il.9.475</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.344</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[sorely]] (v. supr. A. IV), πυκινῶς ἀκαχήμενος <span class="bibl">Il.19.312</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.19.95</span>, al.; [[constantly]], ὅταν π. διᾴττωσι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[sagaciously]], [[shrewdly]], π. ὑποθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Od.1.279</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.21.293</span>; πυκνῶς ἀνευρεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>438</span> (lyr., s.v.l.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> neut. sg. and pl., <b class="b3">πυκνόν, πυκνά, πυκινόν, πυκινά</b> as Adv., esp. in the sense [[much]], [[often]], <b class="b3">πήρην πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην</b> a [[much]] torn wallet, a wallet full of holes, <span class="bibl">Od.13.438</span>, <span class="bibl">17.198</span>; πυκινόν περ ἀχεύων <span class="bibl">11.88</span>; τέττιξ . . καταχεύετ' ἀοιδὴν πυκνόν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>584</span>: in Prose, πυκνὰ ἐκπίπτει ὦμος <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>2</span>; πυκνὰ ἀποβλέπειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>501b</span>; πυκνὰ στρέφεσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.1.8</span>; πυκνὸν ἀναπνεῖν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1357b19</span>; <b class="b3">πυκνότερον ἰέναι, παρέρχεσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>328d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.41.24</span>; πυκνότερα ἐπάγειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>420d</span>. Adv. -οτέρως <span class="bibl">Lesb.Gramm.23</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>5.1929</span>(iv A.D.): Sup. πυκνότατα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>11.11</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">πυκινὰ φρονεῖν</b> (v. supr. A.V) <span class="bibl">Od.9.445</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> poet. Adv. πύκα [?~X?~X], [[thickly]], [[solidly]], θαλάμου πύκα ποιητοῖο <span class="bibl">1.436</span>; π. π. δόμοιο <span class="bibl">22.455</span>; σάκεος π. π. <span class="bibl">Il.18</span>. <span class="bibl">608</span>; Λυκίων π. θωρηκτάων <span class="bibl">12.317</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.689</span>,<span class="bibl">739</span>; πύλαι π. στιβαρῶς ἀραρυῖαι <span class="bibl">12.454</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">θάλαμος πύκ' ἐβάλλετο</b> with [[thick-falling]] darts, <span class="bibl">9.588</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[wisely]], <b class="b3">π. φρονεῖν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">554</span>, <span class="bibl">14.217</span>, <span class="bibl">Q.S.1.449</span>, al.; [[τρέφειν]] rear [[carefully]], <span class="bibl">Il.5.70</span>.</span><span class="bld">πυκνός</span>, gen. of [[πνύξ]] (q.v.).