βίος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῐ], ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[life]], i. e. not animal life (ζωή), but [[mode of life]] (cf. εἰ χρόνον τις λέγοι ψυχῆς ἐν κινήσει μετα βατικῇ ἐξ ἄλλου εἰς ἄλλον βίον ζωὴν εἶναι <span class="bibl">Plot.3.7.11</span>), [[manner of living]] (mostly therefore of men, v. <span class="bibl">Ammon. p.32</span> V.; but also of animals, διεχώριζον ζῴων τε βίον δένδρων τε φύσιν <span class="bibl">Epicr.11.14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.6</span>, etc.; also ζῆν φυτοῦ βίον <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">GA</span>736b13</span>); ζώεις δ' ἀγαθὸν βίον <span class="bibl">Od. 15.491</span>; ἐμὸν βίον ἀμφιπολεύειν <span class="bibl">18.254</span>; αἰῶνα βίοιο <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>161</span>; τὸν μακρὸν τείνειν βίον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>537</span> (lyr.); ὁ καθ' ἡμέραν β. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1364</span>; βίον διαγαγεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span> 439</span>; τελεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1114</span>; διατελεῖν <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.45</span>; <b class="b3">διέρχεσθαι βίου τέλος</b> dub.in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).5</span>; τελευτᾶν <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.84</span>; ὑπ' ἄλλου τελευτῆσαι β. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>870e</span>; ἐπειδὰν τοῦ ἀνθρωπίνου βίου τελευτήσω <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.7.17</span>; τέρμα βίου περᾶν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1530</span>; ὁδὸς βίου <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.21</span>; διὰ βίου <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1272a37</span>; [[proverb|prov.]], <b class="b3">ὁ ἐπὶ Κρόνου βίος</b> 'the Golden Age', <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ath.</span>16.7</span>; so Ταρτησσοῦ β. <span class="bibl">Him.<span class="title">Ecl.</span>10.11</span>; β. ζωῆς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Epin.</span>982a</span> (cf. [[βιοτή]]) ; ζῆν θαλάττιον β. <span class="bibl">Antiph.100</span>; ἀμέριμνον ζῆν β. <span class="bibl">Philem.92.8</span>; λαγὼ β. ζῆν δεδιὼς καὶ τρέμων <span class="bibl">D.18.263</span>; σκληρὸς τῷ β. <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Georg.</span>66</span>: rarely in pl., <span class="bibl">Alex.116.6</span> and ''ΙΙ'', <span class="bibl">Men.855</span>; <b class="b3">τίνες καὶ πόσοι εἰσὶ β</b>.; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>733d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1095b15</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pol.</span>1256a20</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in Poets sometimes = [[ζωή]], βίον ἐκπνέων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1517</span> (lyr.); ἀποψύχειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1031</span>; φείδεσθαι βίου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>749</span>; <b class="b3">νοσφίζειν τινὰ βίου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1427</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[lifetime]], ἐς τὸν ἅπαντα ἀνθρώπων β. <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.109</span>; τῶν ἐπὶ τοῦ σοῦ β. γεγονότων λόγων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span> 242a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMagd.</span>18.7</span> (iii B. C.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[livelihood]], [[means of living]] (in Hom. [[βίοτος]]), βίος ἐπηετανός <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>31</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>6.10</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν βίον κτᾶσθαι, ποιεῖσθαι, ἔχειν ἀπό τινος</b>, to make one's [[living]] off, to [[live]] by a thing, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.106</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.5</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>6.11</span>; ἀπεστέρηκας τὸν βίον τὰ τόξ' ἑλών <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>931</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">933</span>, <span class="bibl">1282</span>; κτᾶσθαι πλοῦτον καὶ βίον τέκνοις <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Supp.</span>450</span>; <b class="b3">πλείον' ἐκμοχθεῖν β</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">451</span>; <b class="b3">β. πολύς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">861</span>; ὀλίγος <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Pl.</span>751</span>; βίον κεκτημένος <span class="bibl">Philem.99.4</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ῐδιος β</b>. private [[property]], <span class="title">AJA</span>17.29 (i B. C.), cf. <span class="title">SIG</span>762.40, <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">VP</span>30.170</span>; <b class="b3">β. Δημήτριος</b>, = [[corn]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>44</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[the world we live in]], 'the world', <b class="b3">οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ β</b>., opp. [[the philosophers]], <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>11.49</span>; simply ὁ βίος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>1.211</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ β. ὁ κοινός</b> ib. <span class="bibl">237</span>; μυθικὰς ὑποθέσεις ὧν μεστὸς ὁ β. ἐστί <span class="bibl">Ph.1.226</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκκαθαίρειν τὸν β</b>., of Hercules, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DDeor.</span>13.1</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν βίον μιμούμενοι</b>, of comic poets, Sch. Heph.<span class="bibl">p.115C.</span>; also, 'the public', ἵνα ὁ β. εἰδῇ τίνα δεῖ μετακαλεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Sor.1.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[settled life]], almost, = [[abode]], ἐν τῇ Θρᾳκίᾳ νήσῳ βίους ἱδρύσαντο <span class="bibl">D.H.1.68</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">72</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> [[a life]], [[biography]], as those of <span class="bibl">Plu., <span class="title">Thes.</span>1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ph.2.180</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> [[caste]], διεῖλε τὸ πλῆθος εἰς τέτταρας β. <span class="bibl">Str.8.7.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VII</span> [[wine made from partly dried unripe grapes]], <span class="bibl">Plin.<span class="title">HN</span>14.77</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VIII</span> Astrol., [[the second region]], Paul.Al.<span class="title">L.</span>2. (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">jīv´s</b> 'alive', <b class="b2">jī΄vati</b> 'live', Lat. [[uīvus]], etc.)</span>

|mdlsjtxt=<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[life]], i. e. not [[animal]] [[life]] (ζωή), but a [[course]] of [[life]], [[manner]] of [[living]], Lat. [[vita]], Od., etc.; in pl., τίνες καὶ πόσοι εἰσὶ βίοι; Plat.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> in Poets = ζωή, βίον ἐκπνεῖν Aesch.; ἀποψύχειν Soph.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[life]]-[[time]], Hdt., Plat.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> a [[living]], [[livelihood]], [[means]] of [[living]], [[substance]], Lat. [[victus]], Hes., Soph., etc.; τὸν βίον ποιεῖσθαι ἀπό τινος to make one's [[living]] of a [[thing]], Thuc., etc.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> a [[life]], biography, as those of Plut.