πατήρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, gen. and dat. [[πατέρος]], [[πατέρι]] in Ep. and Lyr., Att. [[πατρός]], [[πατρί]] (which is also the commoner form in Hom., Hes., and Pi.); acc. always [[πατέρα]]; voc. [[πάτερ]] : pl. [[πατέρες]], [[πατέρας]], [[πατέρων]] ([[πατρῶν]] only Od.4.687, 8.245); dat. [[πατράσι]] [ᾰ] (cf. Skt. loc. pl.<br><span class="bld">A</span> pitṛṣu, no dat. pl. occurs in Hom. or Hes.), late Ep. πατέρεσσι Q.S.10.40 :— [[father]], Il.1.98, etc.; [[πατρὸς πατήρ]] = [[grandfather]], 14.118, Od.19.180, X.HG6.3.4, etc.; τοῦδε κεκλῆσθαι πατρός S.Fr.86; μητρὸς καλεῖσθαι παῖδα τοῦ πατρός [[παρόν]] ib.564; [[τὰ πρὸς πατρός]] = [[by the father's side]], Hdt.7.99, cf. SIG1015.7 (Halic.), etc.; especially of God, the [[father]] of the [[Israelite]]s, LXXDe.32.6, al.; [[father]] of men, Ev.Matt. 6.8, al.; [[father]] of Jesus Christ, ib.7.21,al.<br><span class="bld">II</span> esp. as [[epithet]] of Zeus, πατὴρ [[Ζεύς]], πατὴρ [[Κρονίδης]], [[πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε]], Il.4.235, 21.508, 1.544, al.; [[Ζεὺς π]]. A.Th. 512, etc.; Ζεῦ πάτερ καὶ θεοί Ar.Ach.225;  πατέρ' Οὐρανιδᾶν Ζῆνα  Pi.P.4.194; ὁ τῶν ἁπάντων Ζεὺς πατὴρ [[Ὀλύμπιος]] S.Tr.275, etc.<br><span class="bld">III</span> respectful mode of addressing persons older than oneself, ξεὶνε πάτερ Od.7.28,48,8.145, cf. POxy. 1296.15 (iii A. D.), etc.; in addressing an elder brother, UPZ65.3 (ii B.C.).<br><span class="bld">IV</span> metaph., [[father]], [[author]], ἀοιδᾶν π… [[εὐαίνητος]] [[Ὀρφεύς]] Pi.P.4.176; [[χρόνος]] ὁ πάντων [[πατήρ]] Id.O.2.17, cf. Pl.Ti.41a; τοῦ λόγου πατήρ Id.Smp. 177d, cf. Phdr.257b, etc.; [[ὁ πατὴρ τῶν φώτων]], i.e. [[God]], the [[father]] of the [[star]]s, Ep.Jac.1.17; [[οἱ πατέρες τῶν ἀτόμων]] = the [[author]]s of the [[atomic]] [[theory]], Gal.1.246; of [[capital]], τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκγόνους τόκους Pl.R.555e.<br><span class="bld">V</span> [[title]] of a [[grade]] in the mysteries of [[Mithras]], IG14.1272, etc.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[πατὴρ πατρίδος]], = Lat. [[pater patriae]], Plu.Cic.23, BGU1074.1 (i A. D.), IG7.2713.33 (Acraeph., i A. D.), etc.; similarly, [[πατὴρ τῆς πόλεως]] = [[curator]] [[ciuitatis]], [[pater]] [[ciuitatis]] ib.5(1).1417.11 (Methone).<br><span class="bld">VII</span> in pl., [[πατέρες]] <br><span class="bld">1</span> [[forefathers]], Il.6.209, etc.; [[ἐξέτι πατρῶν]] = [[from our fathers' time]], Od.8.245; ἐκ πατέρων Pi.P.8.45.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[parents]], D.S.21.17, Alciphr.3.40, Epigr.Gr.227 (Teos).<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[parent]] [[nation]], opp. [[colonist]]s, Hdt.7.51, 8.22, Plu.Them.9. (Cf. Skt. pitár-, Lat. [[pater]], etc.)

|astxt=[[πατήρ]], πατρός, -τρί, τέρα, [in LXX [[chiefly]] and [[very]] freq. for אָב;] <br />a [[father]];<br /><b class="num">1.</b>[[prop]].,<br /><b class="num">(a)</b>of the [[male]] [[parent]]: Mt 2:22, Lk 1:17, Jo 4:53; anarth., He 12:7 (M, Pr., 82 f.); pl., of [[both]] parents (cl.), He 11:23; οἱ π. τ. σαρκός, He 12:9; <br /><b class="num">(b)</b>of a [[forefather]] or [[ancestor]] (in cl. [[usually]] in pl.; Hom., al.): Mt 3:9, Lk 1:73, Jo 8:39, al.; pl., Mt 23:30, 32 Lk 6:23, 26 Jo 4:20, I Co 10:1, al.<br /><b class="num">2.</b>Metaph.,<br /><b class="num">(a)</b>of an [[author]], [[originator]], or [[archetype]] (= [[αἴτιος]], [[ἀρχηγός]], etc.; Pind., Plat., al.): Jo 8:41-44, Ro 4:11, 12 16. <br /><b class="num">(b)</b>as a [[title]] of [[respect]] or [[honour]], used of seniors, teachers and others in a [[position]] of [[responsible]] [[authority]] (Jg 17:10, II Ki 2:12, Pr 1:8, al.): Mt 23:9 Ac 7:2 22:1, I Jo 2:13. <br /><b class="num">3.</b>Of God (as in cl. of [[Zeus]]) as Father;<br /><b class="num">(a)</b>of created things: τ. [[φώτων]], Ja 1:17; <br /><b class="num">(b)</b>of [[all]] [[sentient]] beings: Eph 3:14, 15 He 12:9; <br /><b class="num">(c)</b>of men, esp. those in [[covenant]] [[relation]] [[with]] Him (freq in OT and [[later]] Jewish lit.; v. Dalman, Words, 184ff.): Mt 6:4, Lk 6:36, Jo 4:21, Ja 3:9, al.; ὁ π. ὁ ἐν (τ.) οὐρανοῖς, Mt 5:16, Mk 11:25; ὁ π. ὁ [[οὐράνιος]], Mt 6:14 15:13; especially in the Epp., of Christians: Ro 8:15, II Co 6:18, Ga 4:6, Eph 2:18 4:6, I Jo 2:1; c. gen. qual., τ. οἰκτιρμῶν, II Co 1:3; τ. δοξῆς, Eph 1:17; <br /><b class="num">(d)</b>of Christ (Dalman, Words, 190 ff.);<br /><b class="num">(α)</b>by [[our]] Lord [[himself]]: ὁ π., Mt 11:25-27, Lk 10:2, 22 Jo 5:20-23, al.; ὁ π. μου, Mt 11:27, al.; ὁ ἐν τ. οὐρανοῖς, Mt 7:11, al.; ὁ [[οὐράνιος]], Mt 15:13; vocat., Jo 11:41 12:27, 28 17:1, 5, 11, 20, 25 (cf. Abbott, JG., 96 f.); <br /><b class="num">(β)</b>by Apostles: Jo 1:14 (anarth.; v. M, Pr., l.c.), Ro 15:6, II Co 1:3 11:31, Eph 1:3, Col 1:3, He 1:5, I Pe 1:3, Re 1:6 (cf. Westc., Epp. Jo., 27-34).

|mdlsjtxt=[acc. [[always]] πατέρα gen. pl. [[rarely]] πατρῶν]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> a [[father]], Hom., etc.; πατρὸς [[πατήρ]] a [[grandfather]], Il.; τὰ πρὸς πατρός = [[πατρόθεν]], by the [[father]]'s [[side]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[among]] the gods [[Zeus]] is called [[πατήρ]], πατὴρ [[Ζεύς]], π. [[ἀνδρῶν]] τε [[θεῶν]] τε Hom., Hes.; so [[Ζεὺς]] π. Aesch.; Ζεῦ πάτερ καὶ θεοί Ar.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> a [[respectful]] [[mode]] of addressing [[elderly]] persons, Od.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> metaph. the [[father]] of [[anything]], Lat. [[auctor]], π. ἀοιδᾶν Pind., etc.<br /><b class="num">V.</b> in pl. [[fathers]], i.e. forefathers, Hom.; ἐξ ἔτι πατρῶν as an [[inheritance]] from one's [[fathers]], Od.