σίνομαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Aeol. σίννομαι dub. in Sapph.12; 2sg. pres. or aor. subj. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> σίνηαι <span class="bibl">Od.12.139</span>: Ion. impf. <b class="b3">σινέσκετο, -οντο</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>117</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.6</span>: fut. [[σινήσομαι]] f.l. in <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.52</span>: aor. 3pl. ἐσίναντο <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.31</span>, -έατο <span class="bibl">Id.7.147</span> codd.:—codd. give a form σινέομαι in <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.123</span>, <span class="bibl">5.81</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Morb.</span>4.41</span>,<span class="bibl">53</span>, etc.; but [[σίνομαι]] is the only form in Hom., and prob. should be restored everywhere:—Act. [[σίνω]] Ion. for [[βλάπτω]] acc. to Gal.15.662; [[σίνομαι]] Pass., <span class="title">IG</span>22.1126.42 (Amphict. Delph.), <span class="bibl">Orph. <span class="title">A.</span>211</span>. [ῑ in the Verb (exc. perh. in Sapph.12); ῐ in [[σίνις]], [[σίνος]], [[ἀσῐνής]].] </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[harm]], [[hurt]], [[do]] one [[harm]] or [[mischief]], Hom., only in Od. (but v. infr. ''ΙΙ'', and cf. [[σίντης]]), of plunderers and marauders, <b class="b3">οἵ σφεας σινέσκοντο</b>, of the Cyclopes who [[used to plunder]] the Phaeacians, <span class="bibl">Od.6.6</span>; <b class="b3">ὅτε μοι σίνοιτό γ' ἑταίρους</b>, of Scylla [[destroying]] Odysseus' comrades, <span class="bibl">12.114</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ δέ κε σίνηαι</b> (sc. <b class="b3">Ἠελίου βόας</b>) <span class="bibl">11.112</span>, cf. ἀσινής; οὐ σινέσκετο καρπόν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>117</span>; in later Ep., <b class="b3">ἀλώπηξ . . σινομένα τὰν τρώξιμον</b> [[plundering]] the grapes, <span class="bibl">Theoc.1.49</span>; σ. ἔπαυλα καὶ . . ἄνδρας <span class="title">AP</span>6.262 (Leon.), cf.<span class="bibl">A.R.1.951</span>,<span class="bibl">1260</span>, etc.; in Prose, [[pillage]], [[waste]] a country, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.74</span>, <span class="bibl">6.97</span>, <span class="bibl">8.31</span>; τὴν Μηδικήν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.5.4</span>; [[waste]], [[destroy]] the crops, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.17</span>, <span class="bibl">4.123</span>; αἰ δέ κα σίνηται [τοὺς καρπούς], ἀποτεισάτω τὰ ἐπιτίμια ὁ σινόμενος <span class="title">GDI</span>5040.28 (Crete), cf. <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>1.129, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 3.3.15</span>; ἐὰν ὑποζύγιον . . σίνηταί τι τῶν πέλας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>936e</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> generally, [[injure]], αἰδώς, ἥ τ' ἄνδρας μέγα σίνεται <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>318</span> (interpol. in <span class="bibl">Il.24.45</span>, v. Sch.), cf. <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Piet.</span>p.93</span> G.; [ὁ κροκόδειλος] οὐδὲν σ. τὸν τροχίλον <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.68</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν ἕδραν τοῦ ἵππου μὴ σ</b>. not [[to hurt]] his back, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Eq.</span>12.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>9.18.3</span>; <b class="b3">αἰ δὲ σίναιτο ἀφακεσάσθω</b> if he [[damages]] the utensils, he must make it good, <span class="title">Mnemos.</span>57.208 (Argos, vi B.C.); especially in war, [[injure]], [[harass]], σ. τὸν στρατόν <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.27</span>; <b class="b3">τοὺς πολεμίους μέγα σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.7.147</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.49</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.4.16</span>; opp. [[ὠφελεῖν]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lac.</span>12.5</span>.—Never in Trag., once in Pl., freq. in X.; once in non-literary Pap., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>248.17</span> (i A.D.).</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to rob, to pillage, to destroy, to damage</b> (ep. Od., Sapph., Ion., X., hell. a. late, also Argos, Crete, Herakleia; Hdt., Hp. also <b class="b3">-έομαι</b>; not in Att..<br />Other forms: very rare in aor.: [[ἐσίναντο]] (Hdt.), [[ἐπεσίνατο]] (Nic.), <b class="b3">προσίναντες βλάψαντες</b> H.<br />Dialectal forms: rarely with <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>.<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">σιν-όδων</b>, <b class="b3">-όδους</b>, <b class="b3">-οντος</b> m. name of a fish (Arist., Dorio a. o.), folketymol. for <b class="b3">συν-</b> σίνομαι (s. Strömberg 45). Unclear however [[σινάμωρος]] approx. <b class="b2">harmful, baneful, wicked, mischievous, sweet-toothed, lustful</b> with <b class="b3">-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ευμα</b> (Ion., com., Arist. a. o.); because of the short [[ι]] not to the verb, but to the noun [[σίνος]]; the final fits badly with [[μωρός]], perh. better to <b class="b3">ἐγχεσί-μωρος</b>, if taken as [[spear-happy]] (cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 272 n. 18).<br />Derivatives: 1. [[σίνος]] n. [[damage]], [[harm]], [[disaster]] (Ion., A., Arist. a. o.) with <b class="b3">ἀ-σινής</b> [[unharmed]], [[harmless]] (λ 110, Sapph., Ion., A., Pl., X., hell. a. late), opposite <b class="b3">ἐπι-σινής</b> (Thphr. a. o.). 2. [[σίντης]] m. [[destroyer]], [[robber]], mostly of beasts of prey, [[thief]] (Il., hell. a. late epic); [[σίντωρ]] m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Crete IVa, AP; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 123 a. 131); uncertain [[Σίντιες]] m. pl. name of the old population of Lemnos (Hom. a.o.), after Kretschmer Glotta 30, 117 prop. "the robbers" and to be distinguished from the Thracian [[Σιντοι]]. 3. [[Σίνις]], <b class="b3">-ιδος</b> m. name of a mythical robber (B., E., X. a. o.), also appellat. [[robber]], [[destroyer]] (A. Ag. 217 [gener. changed to [[ἶνις]]], Call., Lyc.). 4. [[σιναρός]] [[damaged]] (Hp., as [[ῥυπαρός]] a. o.). 5. [[σινότης]] f. [[damage]], [[flaw]] (gloss.). 6. <b class="b3">ἐπισίνιος ἐπίβουλος</b> H. 7. [[σινόω]] (<b class="b3">προ-</b> σίνομαι) = [[σίνομαι]] (Man., Vett. Val. a. o.) with [[σινωτικός]] [[harmful]] (late). 8. [[σίνδρων]] = [[πονηρός]] (Phot.), also [[slave born of a slave]] (Seleukos ap. Ath.), also as PN; cf. Masson on Hipponax 121 w. n. 3; gen. pl. <b class="b3">σινδρῶν πονηρῶν</b>, [[βλαπτικῶν]] H.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: The present [[σίνομαι]] (second. <b class="b3">-έομαι</b>; cf. Schwyzer 721) wit generalized length of the [[ι]] (on the unclear [[σίνονται]] Sapph. 26, 4 s. Hamm Gramm. $217a) can be best understood as yotformation <b class="b3">*σίν-ι̯ομαι</b> (Schwyzer 694). If inherited, [[σίνομαι]] must like [[κλίνω]], [[κρίνω]] contain a present-forming [[ν]], which spread not only to the sporadic aoristforms but also to the nouns [[σίνος]], [[σίντης]] a. o. -- Not certainly explained. PGr. <b class="b3">*τϜι-ν-</b> can on itself be connected with [[σής]] (if from <b class="b3">*τϜη</b>[ι̯]<b class="b3">-ς</b>) and with Germ. <b class="b2">Þwi-</b> in OE [[Þwīnan]] [[become weak]], [[disappear]] a. o. (Wood Mod. Phil. 5, 268); apart from the semant. polyinterpretability of the relevant words, there are both for [[σής]] and for [[Þwīnan]] other explanations, s. on [[σής]] and WP. 1, 702 f. (Pok. 1054) w. lit. To be rejected explanations of [[σίνομαι]] in W.-Hofmann s. [[sine]] and [[sonium]]; older lit. in Bq and Lidén IF 19, 351 w. n. 2. -- Cf. [[σιφλός]].